Abstract:

According to Dictionary.com, it define human aging as “discrimination against persons of a certain age group.”

Within the above contest, one can begin to ask a rhetorical question that who will not get old? Why older persons are discriminated or age restrictions to some of the vital things we do in the society? The science of gerontology is vast and could only be treated positively when its impact is well understood. The impact of age discrimination is retrogressively demeaning to the victims especially the baby boomers who were veterans and had sacrificed for the so called freedom we enjoyed today.

In establishing the impact of gerontology and ageism, I dedicated my study to carry out a research that on age discrimination and was able to establish some facts about ageism and its effect in our society. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of age discrimination on the aged emotions and capability. In ascertain this study, we deployed questionnaires to the aged old in Lagos Nigeria (sample population) where we got feedback from veterans and other retired fellows staying in old people’s home. About 95% of our sample population confirmed that they felt cheated and undignified after they were discriminated at in various aspects of their lives, even after retirement, while 3.8% disagreed not to have experienced age discrimination and 1% prefer not to comment on it. Details of the survey shall be given in the body of this article.

In this article, the first and second paragraph introduced the timing and age bracket that falls victims of ageism -especially the aged ones. When it is likely to start experiencing age discrimination which sometimes is not limited to aged but also the under-aged who are rated as incompetent to carry out or participate in an aged rated activities. The third paragraph underscored how ageism affect the baby boomers and Gen x irrespective of their fitness and how millennial also face age discrimination in recruitment and political eligibility.

Further to this, work of Robert Butler – the first researcher on ageism was mentioned with our team research at Regina Mundi Ages Home in Lagos and other field survey that were carried out in paragraph seven and eight. The article pointed out different countries acts that protect age discrimination in paragraph nine while the general effect of ageism in our society with our recommendation on how to stop ageism were cited in paragraph ten and eleven respectively.

References:

[1].     Brian J. Worsfold 2011 Acculturating Age: Approaches to Cultural Gerontology, by University of Lleida press.

[2].     Malcome Sargent 2011: Age discrimination: Ageism in Employment and Service Provision. Gower Publisher UK

[3].     Susan M. Hiller, Georgia N. Barrow 2011. Aging, the Individual, and Society. Published by Cengage Learning Stamford CT 06902 USA.

[4].     Toni M. Calasanti, Kathleen F. Slevin 2001Gender, Social Inequalities, and Aging published by Altamira press Oxford England.

[5].     Ursula A. Falk, Gerhard Falk 1997 Ageism, the aged, and aging in America: on being old in an alienated society by Thomas Publisher

[6].     http://www.onenigeriablog.com/2016/09/older-men-and-women-stand-up-against.html

[7].     http://www.agediscrimination.info/international-age-discrimination/nigeria

[8].     https://nigerianobservernews.com/2016/10/taking-a-stand-against-ageism/#.WJiPgvkrLIU

[9].     www.dictionary.com

[10].  http://www.population.gov.ng

Abstract:

The process of jewelry making involves minute visual tasks at closer working distance for goldsmiths, which demands high visual ability that eventually might result with receded near point of convergence (NPC). Hence the aim of our study is to compare the near point of convergence between goldsmiths and normal population. One group of 72 male experienced goldsmiths and other group of 72 male normal populations were evaluated. Binocularly the near point of convergence was tested with sharpened tip of pencil. The patient age ranges between 30 to 60 years with best corrected visual acuity of 6/6, N6 monocularly without any ocular pathology were included in both the groups. The other near occupational work was excluded for normal population. The p-value for subjective comparison of NPC is 0.008 and for the objective comparison of NPC is 0.0005 which showed a highly statistical significant changes between goldsmiths and normal population for both subjective and objective comparison. Hence this test can be used as a clue to suspect whether the goldsmiths having convergence insufficiency and to decide on referring the patient for further binocular vision assessment and treatment accordingly.

Keywords: Goldsmiths, near point of convergence, sharpened pencil tip.

References:

[1]. Arnoldi K, Reynolds J. A review of Convergence Insufficiency: What Are We Really Accomplishing with Exercises? AOJ 2007; 57: 123-130.

[2]. Anshel, J. R. (2006, August). Visual ergonomics in the workplace: Improving eye care & vision can enhance productivity. Professional Safety, 20-25.

[3]. Dimitra M. Triantafilou, CO, Jeffrey D. Welder, MD, Susannah Q. Longmuir, MD. Convergence insufficiency December 10, 2014.

[4]. Fisher RF. The force of contraction of the human ciliary muscle during accommodation. J Physiol 1977; 270:51-74.

[5]. Hermanus. M. A, Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Volume 107, Issue 8, Aug 2007, p. 531 – 538.

[6]. Hirsch Monroe J. A. b. opt. d. Optometry and vision science: A study of forty-eight cases of convergence insufficiency at the near point. February 1943 - volume 20 - issue 2 - ppg 52-58.

[7]. Holmes c. guide to occupational and other visual needs. Vol.1. silverlake lithographers inc, California.1958.p.10-3, 96-97.

[8]. Monica. R, R. Krishnakumar, and P. P. Santanam Establishing pre-employment vision standards for goldsmiths 10.4103/0019-5278.99689 Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2012 Jan-Apr; 16(1): 27–33.

[9]. Mitchell Scheiman, OD, FAAO, Marjean Taylor Kulp, OD, MS, FAAO, Susan Cotter, OD, MS, FAAO, Lynn Mitchell, MAS, FAAO, Michael Gallaway, OD, FAAO, Mark Boas, OD, MS, Rachel Coulter, OD, FAAO, Kristine Hopkins, OD, MPH, FAAO, and Susanna Tamkins, OD, the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group Vision Therapy/Orthoptics for Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children. Optom Vis Sci. 2010 Aug; 87(8): 593–603.

[10].  Momeni-Moghaddam Hamed, A Goss David, Ehsani Marzieh. Indian J Ophthalmol. The relationship between binocular vision symptoms and near point of convergence. 2013 Jul; 61(7): 325–328.

[11].  Jeffrey Cooper, M.S., O.D., and Nadine Jamal, O.D. Convergence insufficiency--a major review.

[12].  Raffle PAB. The practice of industrial Medicine. Br J Ind Med 1959; 16 (1):79.

[13].  Salve UR Indian J Occup Environ Med. Vision-related problems among the workers engaged in jewellery manufacturing. 2015 Jan-Apr;19 (1):30-5.

[14].  Scheiman M, Mitchell GL, Cotter S, et al. A randomized clinical trial of vision therapy/orthoptics versus pencil pushups for the treatment of convergence insufficiency in young adults. Optom Vis Sci. 2005; 82: 583-595.

[15].  Scheiman.M, B. Wick Clinical management of binocular vision: heterophoric, accommodative and eye movement disorders 3rd ed., JB Lippincott & Co., (2008).

[16].  Sheedy JE, Harris MG, Bronge MR, Joe SM, Mook MA. Task and visual performance with concentric bifocal contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 1991; 68:537–41.

[17].  Tompkins OS. AAOHN J. The occupational vision assessment. 2010 Dec; 58(12):552. doi: 10.3928/08910162-20101124-03.

[18].  Untimanon O, Pacharatrakul W, Boonmeepong K, Thammagarun L, Laemun N, Taptagaporn S, Chongsuvivatwong V. Visual problems among electronic and jewelry workers in thailand. J occup health. 2006 sep; 48(5):407-12.

Abstract:

The study wanted to determine the level of academic self-regulation of the STEM students of Senior High School students of the Divine Word Colleges and its effect toward academic performance. There were four aspects of self-regulation investigated such as external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation and intrinsic motivation. Questionnaires were used to gather the data. The quantitative descriptive research design and explanation research was used in the study. The findings showed that the academic self-regulation of the STEM students of the senior high school of Divine Word Colleges is high which means that they have high external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation and moderate intrinsic motivation. However, the findings also showed that there is no correlation between academic self-regulation and their academic performance. Their academic performance can be caused by other factors that are not considered in this study.

Keywords: Self-regulation, self-determination theory, academic performance, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, intrinsic motivation.

References:

[1]. Ayub, N. (2017). Effect of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation on Academic Performance. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/2599275/Effect_of_intrinsic_and_extrinsic_motivation_on_academic_performance

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[7]. Baumeister, R.; Schmeichel, B.; & Vohs, K. (2007). "Self-Regulation and the Executive Function: The Self as Controlling Agent". Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles

[8].Behavioral Research. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9861.2008.00031.x. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com

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[15].  Cook, J.L. & Cook, G. 2009). Self-Regulation. New York: Prentice Hall

[16].  Cox, R. H. (2007). Sport Psychology Concepts and Applications (6^th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

[17].  Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (1999). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology 25, 54–67, doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020, retrieved from http://www.idealibrary.com

[18].  Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.

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[20].  Dent, A.L. (2013). The Relation between Self-Regulation and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis Exploring Variation in the Way Constructs are Labeled, Defined and Measured. Dissertation. Duke University. Retrieved from https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/7265.

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[23].  Grolnick, W. S., & Farkas, M. (2002). Parenting and the development of children’s self-regulation. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Volume 5, practical issues in parenting (2ndedn., pp. 89-110). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

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[49].  Zimmerman, B.J. (2001). Theories of Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: An Overview and Analysis. Special Education and Communication Disorders. Retrieved from https://cehs.unl.edu/secd/self-regulation/.

Abstract:

This quantitative study determined the coefficient of correlation between teacher ratings and students’ grades in the final exam of an elementary statistics course GSTA 140 and their reliabilities (overall consistency of a measure) at Effat University in Jeddah Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted with a cluster convenience sample of 558 students, registered in 22 GSTA 140 courses over a period of 3 years (fall 2014 to fall 2017). To avoid the effect of variability of different teaching styles on ratings, only those courses were collected, which are taught by the same instructor. The study, designed and inferences obtained, is based on Pearson product-moment Statistical correlation test, Normality test and Empirical rule. The results showed that there is a very weak positive correlation between teacher ratings and student achievement, however; their independent standard deviations (a measure of variation) are approximately equal. Normality tests showed that the data set for the students’ grades is well modeled by a normal distribution as compared to the data set of teacher ratings. Results also indicated that the application of the empirical rule is the optimum approach to interpret the reliability of the data of teacher ratings surveys and students’ final grades and hence prediction can be made on the bases of these values. The findings of this study could prove useful to university, regional, and kingdom, implementing similar formal teacher evaluation framework as Effat University.

Keywords: Teacher Ratings, Student outcomes, Normal distribution, Coefficient of linear correlation, Standard deviation, Empirical rule.

References:

This quantitative study determined the coefficient of correlation between teacher ratings and students’ grades in the final exam of an elementary statistics course GSTA 140 and their reliabilities (overall consistency of a measure) at Effat University in Jeddah Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted with a cluster convenience sample of 558 students, registered in 22 GSTA 140 courses over a period of 3 years (fall 2014 to fall 2017). To avoid the effect of variability of different teaching styles on ratings, only those courses were collected, which are taught by the same instructor. The study, designed and inferences obtained, is based on Pearson product-moment Statistical correlation test, Normality test and Empirical rule. The results showed that there is a very weak positive correlation between teacher ratings and student achievement, however; their independent standard deviations (a measure of variation) are approximately equal. Normality tests showed that the data set for the students’ grades is well modeled by a normal distribution as compared to the data set of teacher ratings. Results also indicated that the application of the empirical rule is the optimum approach to interpret the reliability of the data of teacher ratings surveys and students’ final grades and hence prediction can be made on the bases of these values. The findings of this study could prove useful to university, regional, and kingdom, implementing similar formal teacher evaluation framework as Effat University.

Keywords: Teacher Ratings, Student outcomes, Normal distribution, Coefficient of linear correlation, Standard deviation, Empirical rule.

Abstract:

Financial inclusion refers to the act of ensuring that all the citizen sin a country are connected to a well – functioning financial or payment system, especially those citizens who live in rural areas and are mostly under privileged. This includes the provision of traditional banking products and services, credit facilities that are affordable and specially designed for low income earning individual, small and medium scale enterprises and other relevant financial products and services.

The aim of this study is to assess Ghana’s ability to achieve financial inclusion through mobile money. Using MTN mobile money as case study, the researcher reviewed literature of other authors and researchers collected from secondary sources such as newspapers, research papers, online articles, books, journals, reports, dissertations etc.

Findings from the literature review showed that the introduction of mobile money in the country has contributed immensely and in various ways to achieving financial inclusion in the country.

Keywords: Payment systems, Financial, products, financial inclusion, mobile money, country, services, mobile phone, transfers, remittance.

References:

[1]. Aforkpah, E. (2017). MTN launches 'MTN Yello Save' with Fidelity Bank. Myjoyonline.com. Retrieved 20 February 2018, from https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2017/February-6th/mtn-launches-mtn-yello-save-with-fidelity-bank.php

[2]. Boakye-Yiadom, N. (2016). Economics of mobile money and financial inclusion: Bank of Ghana at the forefront of regulations - Ghana News. Ghana News. Retrieved 19 February 2018, from

http://citifmonline.com/2016/04/13/economics-mobile-money-financial-inclusion-bank-ghana-forefront-regulations/

[3]. Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Beck, T., & Honohan, P. (2008). Finance for all? (pp. 61 - 73). Washington, DC: World Bank.

[4]. Donovan, K. (2012). Mobile Money for Financial Inclusion. Siteresources.worldbank.org. Retrieved 19 February 2018, from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/Extinformationandcommunicationandtechnologies/Resources/IC4D-2012-Chapter-4.pdf

[5]. Etim, A. (2014). Research in Business and Economics Journal, 9, 1 - 13.

[6]. JoyBusiness. (2017). MTN promote financial inclusiveness with Qwikloan. Myjoyonline.com. Retrieved 20 February 2018, from https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2017/november-30th/mtn-promote-financial-inclusiveness-with-qwikloan.php

[7]. Kai-Mensah, V. (2017). World Bank lauds Ghana for innovative financial inclusion - Ghana News. Ghana News. Retrieved 19 February 2018, from http://citifmonline.com/2017/08/22/world-bank-lauds-ghana-for-innovative-financial-inclusion/

[8]. Klutse, J. (2015). What You Need to Know About MTN Mobile Money | JBKlutse. JBKlutse. Retrieved 20 February 2018, from http://www.jbklutse.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-mtn-ghana-mobile-money/

[9]. Laary, D. (2016). Ghana: Mobile phone penetration soars to 128% | West Africa. Theafricareport.com. Retrieved 20 February 2018, from http://www.theafricareport.com/West-Africa/ghana-mobile-phone-penetration-soars-to-128.html

[10].  Monks, K. (2017). M-Pesa: Kenya's mobile success story turns 10. CNN. Retrieved 20 February 2018, from https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/21/africa/mpesa-10th-anniversary/index.html

[11].  MTN Ghana. (2018). About Mobile Money. www.mtn.com.gh. Retrieved 20 February 2018, from

[12].  NCA. (2017). INDUSTRY INFORMATION - TELECOM SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR JANUARY 2017.

[13].  Ofori-Boateng, P. (2016). MTN Ghana records GH¢56b in mobile money transactions for 2016 - Ghana Business News. Ghana Business News. Retrieved 20 February 2018, from https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2017/03/14/mtn-ghana-records-gh%C2%A256b-in-mobile-money-transactions-for-2016/

[14].  Pasti, F. (2017). Mobile Money as a driver of financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobile for Development. Mobile for Development. Retrieved 20 February 2018, from

https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/programme/mobile-money/mobile-money-driver-financial-inclusion-sub-saharan-africa

[15].  References

[16].  Shettar, R. (2016). IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 18(2), 37. http://dx.doi.org/DOI: 10.9790/487X-18213744

[17].  Standarad Chatered. (2014). Financial Inclusion: Reaching the unbaked.

[18].  Swanzy-Essuman, P. (2018). Mobile money- catalyst for financial inclusion in Ghana. Ghana Talks Business. Retrieved 19 February 2018, from https://ghanatalksbusiness.com/mobile-money-catalyst-for-financial-inclusion-in-ghana/

[19].  Swanzy-Essuman, P. Mobile money- catalyst for financial inclusion in Ghana. Ghana Talks Business. Retrieved 19 February 2018, from https://ghanatalksbusiness.com/mobile-money-catalyst-for-financial-inclusion-in-ghana/

[20].  The Worldbank. (2015). Massive Drop in Number of Unbanked, says New Report. World Bank. Retrieved 19 February 2018, from http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/04/15/massive-drop-in-number-of-unbanked-says-new-report

[21].  USAID. (2013). Mobile Money Defined (pp. 1, 2).

Abstract:

Mobile computing technology is on the ever ascending trajectory, making it the technology to use in any thriving industry. Mobile computing technology is thriving due to its portability as such it is very easy to carry around and can be operated anywhere. However, due to the size of most mobile devices that run mobile apps being very small, which also makes it more portable, it sometimes impedes its usage on very large data inputs volumes. Most people find it more comfortable using their personal computers or laptops to prepare and store their documents and other files. This article reviews the benefits of using WhatsApp web, the potential privacy or security vulnerability as compared with other screen mirroring or casting technologies such as Vysor, Mobizen, AirDroid, etc. It is recommended that WhatsApp web connects to the mobile device through a WiFi or USB as implemented in AirDoid instead of connecting directly to the WhatsApp server once the QR code has been scanned using the WhatsApp on the mobile. Secondly, WhatsApp must implement automatic logout of older WhatsApp web sessions instead of just disconnecting the older session once a new session is connected and reconnects the older session once the new one is disconnected since this increases the vulnerability of the end-user.

Keywords: WhatsApp Web, Data Security, Privacy, Screen mirroring, Screen casting, Mobile Technology.

References:

[1].     Bailey, C. M. (2017, September 9). How to Use WhatsApp on Your Laptop or Desktop Computer. Retrieved November 2, 2017, from Livewire: https://www.lifewire.com

[2].     Dua, K. (2015, January 22). WhatsApp Web Feels Like a Hack But Works Surprisingly Well. Retrieved from Gadgets 360: https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/reviews/whatsapp-web-feels-like-a-hack-but-works-surprisingly-well-652347

[3].     Frew, J. (2017, March 20). 4 Security Threats WhatsApp Users Needs to Know About. Retrieved July 15, 2017, from Make Use of: http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/4-security-threats-whatsapp-users-need-know/

[4].     Han, S.-H., & Park, H.-Y. (2013). U. S. Patent No. 13/771,959.

[5].     Kang, P.-S., Hahm, S.-i., & Hwang, T.-H. (2014, September 16). U. S. Patent No. 14/487,673.

[6].     Kim, J.-H., & Ko, D.-Y. (2015). Implementation of Mirroring and Efficient User Interface System for Smart Phone. The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, 40(2), 363-365.

[7].     Krishna, V. (2017, January 12). 8 Ways to Mirror Your Android Screen to Any Computer. Retrieved October 21, 2017, from TechWiser: https://techwiser.com/cast-your-android-screen/

[8].     Kumar, P. (2017, August 16). PC-MobiTech. Retrieved September 15, 2017, from Run Whatsapp on PC With Google Chrome & other Browsers.: https://www.pcmobitech.com

[9].     La, S. (2017, July 20). How Miracast Takes Screen Mirroring to the Next Level. Retrieved November 21, 2017, from ScreenBeam: http://blog.screenbeam.com

[10].  McGill, M., Williamson, J., & Brewster, S. A. (2014, June). Mirror, mirror, on the wall: collaborative screen-mirroring for small groups. In Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video (pp. 87-94). ACM.

[11].  McGill, M., Williamson, J., & Brewster, S. A. (2015). Who's the Fairest of Them All: Device Mirroring for the Connected Home. In Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video (pp. 83-92). ACM.

[12].  O'Boyle, B. (2016, May 11). WhatsApp desktop app: What is it, how does it work and how do you use it? Retrieved November 10, 2017, from Pocket-lint: http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/137580-whatsapp-desktop-app-what-is-it-how-does-it-work-and-how-do-you-use-it

[13].  Pathak, K. (2017, July 5). 6 Things You Absolutely Need to Know About WhatsApp Web. Retrieved November 10, 2017, from Guiding Tech: https://www.guidingtech.com/38225/whatsapp-web/

[14].  Sørensen, H., O’Hara, K., Gosset, P., & Kjeldskov, J. (2015, September). Wireless Smartphone Mirroring in Video Calls. In Human-Computer Interaction, 410-417.

[15].  Statista. (2017, July). Number of monthly active WhatsApp users as of 2013-2017. Retrieved November 21, 2017, from The Statistics Portal: https://www.statista.com

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Abstract:

Background Accessing health facilities in rural Lesotho is a challenge due to the mountainous topography with a poor road network. As result Telemedicine has potential to improve access to health care in rural Lesotho.

Aim To describe the perceptions of nurses regarding information communication technology, in health care at a rural hospital in Lesotho.

Methods A quantitative descriptive research design was used. A total of 45 nurses working at a rural hospital was conveniently sampled from a population of 80. Data on demographics, knowledge and perceptions regarding CT was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze the data through descriptive statistics.

Results The majority of the participants were female 76% (n=34); of the age group 30 to 40 years 49% (n=22) and with nurse experience of 0-5 years 60% (n=27). Of the 45 participants, 82% (n=37) used smart phones; while 71% (n=32) used their phones for communication. The majority of the participants reported having used Microsoft Office (60%, n=27), not having ICT skills 69% (n=31), using internet on their phones 57% (n=26), willing to use ICT to communicate health information (100%, n=45), store patient information using ICT 96% (n=43) and willing to assist patients using ICT 98% (n=44).

Conclusion There are positive perceptions amongst nurses towards ICT at the rural hospital. This may reflect a level of perceived self-efficacy related to ICT in health creating a platform for possible implementation of telemedicine in the delivery of health information in rural hospitals in Lesotho.

Keywords: Sustainability, telemedicine, telecommunication, rural Africa, eHealth, perceptions.

References:

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Abstract:

There is emerging global consensus on the importance of social service system strengthening for vulnerable children and adolescents in Africa, but no agreement on the conceptual definition and the scope of social service system strengthening, whether social service system strengthening is achievable or not, how to move towards it, common indicators for measuring its progress, and its long-term sustainability. This has resulted in various interpretations of the concept, emanating from different disciplinary perspectives. This paper discusses the various dimensions of social service system strengthening emerging from these interpretations and argues for the need to pay attention to the complex interactions across the various components of a social service system strengthening in the pursuit for better social service delivery to vulnerable children and adolescents in Africa. The paper highlights major components of a social service system strengthening and proposes that these are utilized for measuring social service system strengthening work.

Keywords: social services, systems strengthening, child protection system, conceptual framework, Africa.

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