A Brief Overview of Pediatrics Translational Research

Download Article


Authors : Rahul Tulshiram Ingale

Abstract:

Translational research is scientific research that helps to make findings from basic science useful for practical applications that enhance human health and well-being. It is practiced in the medical, behavioral, and social sciences. For example, in medicine it is used to "translate" findings in basic research quickly into medical practice and meaningful health outcomes. Applying knowledge from basic science is a major stumbling block in science, partially due to the compartmentalization within science.1Translational research is heralded by some as a savior of the biomedical research enterprise by hastening the translation of biomedical discoveries to improved patient care.2 Although pediatric translational research is a small part of the overall translational research enterprise, it is important for improving child health and provides new opportunities for researchers from all pediatric disciplines.

This article provides an overview of pediatric translational research. It summarizes its evolution, barriers and challenges. The last section provides recommendations for enhancing pediatric translational research.

KEYWORDS:- Pediatric research, hemophilus influenza.

References:

[1.] Acton, J. D., Kotagal, U. (2005). Improvements in healthcare: how can wechange the outcome? J Pediatr,147, 279–281.

[2.] Akinbami, L. J., Schoendorf , K.C (2002). Trends in childhood asthma: prevalence, health care utilization, and mortality. Pediatrics, 110, 315–322.

[3.] Asher, M. I., Montefort, S., Bjorksten, B. (2006). Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhino conjunctivitis and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountrycross-sectional surveys. Lancet, 368, 733–743.

[4.] Bethell, C., Reuland, C.H., Halfon, N., Schor, E.L. (2004). Measuring the quality of preventive and developmental services for young children: national estimates and patterns of clinicians’ performance. Pediatrics, 113, 1973–1983.

[5.] Broder, K.R., Cohn, A.C., Schwartz, B., et al (2008). Adolescent immunizations and other clinical preventive services: a needle and a hook? Pediatrics, 121, S25–S34.

[6.] Cercenado, E., Cuevas, O., Fenoll, A., et al(2007). Effect of the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive disease produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 29, S294.

[7.] Christakis, D.A., Feudtner, C., Pihoker, C., Connell, F.A. (2001). Continuity and quality of care for children with diabetes who are covered by Medicaid. Ambul Pediatr, 1, 99–103.

[8.] Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease—United States, 1998–2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep,54, 893–897.

[9.] Ebbeling, C. B., Pawlak, D. B., Ludwig, D. S. (2002). Childhood obesity: public health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet, 360, 473–482.

[10.]   Estimates of funding for various diseases, conditions, research areas. National Institutes of Health[online] . Retrieved from //www.nih.gov/news/fundingresearchareas.htm.

[11.]   Etheredge, L., M. (2007). A rapid-learning health system. Health Aff (Millwood), 26, w107–w118.

[12.]   Evans, W.E., Relling, M.V (2004). Moving towards individualized medicine with pharmacogenomics. Nature, 429, 464–468.

[13.]   Finkelstein, J.A., Lozano, P., Farber, H.J., et al (2002). Underuse of controller medications among Medicaid-insured children with asthma. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 156, 562–567

[14.]   Genel, M., McCaffree, M. A., Hendricks, K., et al (2008). A National Agenda for America’s Children and Adolescents in 2008: recommendations from the 15th Annual Public Policy Plenary Symposium, Annual Meeting of the Pediatric Academic Societies, May 3, 2008.

[15.]   Grijalva, C.G., Poehling, K.A., Nuorti, J.P., et al (2006). National impact of universal childhood immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on outpatient medical care visits in the United States. Pediatrics, 118, 865–873.

[16.]   Halterman, J. S., Aligne, C.A., Auinger, P., et al (2000). Inadequate therapy for asthma among children in the United States. Pediatrics, 105, 272–276.

[17.]   Horn, I.B., Beal, A.C. (2004). Child health disparities: framing a research agenda. Ambul Pediatr, 4, 269–275.

[18.]   Homer, C.J., Szilagyi, P., Rodewald, L., et al (1996). Does quality of care affect rates of hospitalization for childhood asthma? Pediatrics, 98, 18–23.

[19.]   Institute of Medicine TNA. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. National Academy Press; 2001.

[20.]   Jencks, S., F., Cuerdon, T., Burwen, D. R., et al (2000). Quality of medical care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries: a profile at state and national levels. JAMA, 284, 1670–1676.

[21.]   Juniper, E. F., Guyatt, G, H., Feeny, D.H., et al (1996). Measuring quality of life in the parents of children with asthma. Quality Life Res, 5, 27–34.

[22.]   Katon, W., Russo, J., Richardson, L., et al (2008). Anxiety and-depression screening for youth in a primary care population. AmbulPediatr, 8, 182–188.

[23.]   Kaplan, S.H., Greenfi http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/res5e_ch09_s1-0009.htmleld, S., Connoly, G.A., et al (2001). Methodologic issues in the conduct and interpretation of pediatric effectiveness research. Ambulpediatr, 1, 63-70.

[24.]   Landrigan, P. J., Kimmel, C.A., Correa, A., Eskenazi, B.(2004). Children’s health stand the environment: public health issues and challenges for risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect, 112, 257–265.

[25.]   Lara, M., Rosenbaum, S., Rachelefsky, G., et al (2002). Improving childhood asthma outcomes in the United States: a blueprint for policy action. Pediatrics, 109, 919–930.

[26.]   Levine, O.S., Cutts, F.T. (2007). Pneumococcal vaccination and public health. Lancet, 369,1144–1145.

[27.]   Lord, G. M., Trembath, R. C. (2007). A strategy for translation. Lancet, 369, 1771–1773.

[28.]   Lost in clinical translation. Nat Med,( 2004), 10, 879 [PubMed].

[29.]   Mathers, C. D., Vos, E.T., Stevenson, C. E., Begg, S.J. (2001). The burden of disease and injury in Australia. Bull World Health Organ, 79, 1076–1084.

[30.]   Mangione-Smith, R., DeCristofaro, A.H., Setodji, C.M., et al (2007). The quality of ambulatory care delivered to children in the United States. N Engl J Med, 357, 1515–1523.

[31.]   McGlynn, E., A., Asch, S., M., Adams, J, et al (2003). The quality of health care delivered to adults in the United States. N Engl J Med, 348, 2635–2645.

[32.]   Measuring the health of nations: updating an earlier analysis. The Commonwealth Fund[online]. Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications_show.htm?doc_id=640980.

[33.]   Medical research: Saving lives through new cures and treatments. Association of American Medical Colleges Web site.[online], Retrieved from http://www.aamc.org/research/ftp/ftpsavinglives.pdf. Accessed August 28, 2008.

[34.]   Miller, M.R., Gergen, P., Honour, M., Zhan, C.L. (2005). Burden of illness for children and where we stand in measuring the quality of this healthcare. Ambul Pediatr, 5, 268–278.

[35.]   Mirror, mirror on the wall: an international update on the comparative performance of American healthcare. The Commonwealth Fund[online]. Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/usr_doc/1027_Davis_mirror_mirror_international_update_final.pdf?section¼4039.

[36.]   Murray, C., Frenk, J. (2001). World Health Report 2000: a step towards evidence-based health policy. Lancet, 357, 1698–1700.

[37.]   National Institutes of Health (NIH). What is Translational Research. Retrieved from http://ccts.uth.tmc.edu/what is-translational-research.com.

[38.]   National Healthcare Disparities Report, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [online] (2006). Retrieved from http://www. ahrq.gov/qual/nhdr06/nhdr06.htm.

[39.]   National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; (1991). NIH Publication No. 91, 3042.

[40.]   National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report II: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; (1997). NIH Publication No. 97, 4051.

[41.]   National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. NAEPP Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma-Update on Selected Topics. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, (2002). NIH Publication No. 02-5075.

[42.]   National Institutes of Health. Workshop Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, (1995). NIH Publication No 95, 3659.

[43.]   National Institutes of Health. Global Initiative for Asthma, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, (2002). NIH Publication No. 02, 3659.

[44.]   Newacheck, P. W., Halfon, N. (2000). Prevalence, impact, and trends in childhood disability due to asthma. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,154, 287–293.

[45.]   Perrin, J.M., Hicks, P.J. (2008). The future of disability in America: review of the Institute of Medicine report. Ambul Pediatr, 8, 71–72.

[46.]   Poehling, K.A., Szilagyi, P.G., Grijalva, C.G.(2007). Reduction of frequent otitismedia and pressure-equalizing tube insertions in children after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [published correction appears in Pediatrics, 119, 1270.

[47.]   Ramani, R.R., Hall, W.N., Boulton, M., et al (2004). Impact of PCV7 on invasive pneumococcal disease among children younger than 5 years: a population-based study. Am J Public Health. 94, 958–959.

[48.]   Rodwin, V. G. (2003). The health care system under French National Health Insurance: lessons for health reform in the United States. Am J Public Health, 93, 31–37.

[49.]   Seid, M., Schultz, D., McClure, J., Stoto, M.A (2007). Evaluation of AHRQ’s Children’s Health Activities. AHRQ Publication No. 08-M013-EF; 2007.

[50.]   Schroeder, S., A., Shattuck, Lecture (2007).We can do better—Improving the health of the American people. N Engl J Med, 357, 1221–1228.

[51.]   Szatmari, P. (2003). The causes of autism spectrum disorders—multiple factors have been identified, but a unifying cascade of events is still elusive. Br Med J, 326, 173–174.

[52.]   Szilagyi, P.G., Schor, E.L. (1998). The health of children. Health Serv Res, 33, 1001–1039.

[53.]   The Long-Term outlook for health care spending. Congressional Budget Office [online] November (2007). Retrieved from http//www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index¼8758.

[54.]   Wolf, C.R., Smith, G., Smith, R.L. Science, medicine, and the future—pharmacogenetics. Br Med J, 320, 987–990.

[55.]   Woolf, S., H. (2008). The meaning of translational research and why it matters. Jama, 299, 211–3 [PubMed].

[56.]   Zhou, F., Bisgard, K.M., Yusuf, H.R., et al (2002). Impact of universal Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination starting at 2 months of age in the United States: an economic analysis. Pediatrics, 110, 653–661.

[57.]   Zuckerbrot, R. A., Jensen, P. S. (2006). Improving recognition of adolescent depression in primary care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 160, 694–704.