Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases among People living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

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DOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.04.Art002

Authors : Douglas Ifeanyi Akpu-Agbata

Abstract:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus remains a global public health concern, with over 91.4 million people affected worldwide and 3.2 million in Nigeria. While lifelong Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has improved survival, concerns persist about its link to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study investigated the prevalence of NCDs and associated risk factors among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. A hospital-based cross-sectional design was employed to abstract socio-demographic and clinical data from adult PLHIV (≥18 years). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25, with results presented as frequencies, percentages, and mean ± standard deviation. Adjusted odds ratios and p-values ≤0.05 at 95% confidence interval were used to test associations. Hypertension (17%) was the most prevalent NCD, followed by obesity (13%) and diabetes (1.3%). Socio-demographic analysis showed most participants were aged 41–60 years, married, educated at the secondary level, and employed. Females were significantly associated with higher prevalence of hypertension and obesity (p < 0.05). Age, marital status, education, and occupation predicted NCD onset. The study concludes that hypertension is a leading NCD among PLHIV in Enugu and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Integrating routine screening into HIV services and engaging policymakers to institutionalize preventive interventions are recommended to improve the quality of life of PLHIV.

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