Socio-Demographic Predictors of non-communicable Diseases among People Living with HIV on ART in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria
Abstract:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
remains a major global health burden, with millions affected worldwide.
Although Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has reduced HIV-related deaths, its
long-term use has been associated with the development of non-communicable diseases
(NCDs). This study investigated socio-demographic predictors of NCDs among
People Living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. A
hospital-based cross-sectional design was employed to abstract data on
socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors among PLHIV
aged ≥18 years. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25, with results
presented as frequencies, percentages, and mean ± standard deviation. Logistic
regression was applied to generate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with p-values
≤0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Findings showed that age, marital status,
education, and occupation significantly predicted NCD onset. Participants aged
41–60 years were four times more likely to develop hypertension (AOR: 4.47; CI:
3.32–6.18). Being married increased the likelihood of developing any NCD, while
secondary education was strongly associated with hypertension (AOR: 4.52; CI:
3.34–5.94) and diabetes (AOR: 2.55; CI: 1.97–3.02). Unemployment also predicted
hypertension (AOR: 3.72; CI: 1.32–3.08). Female participants had higher
likelihood of hypertension, obesity, and cervical cancer than males. These
results highlight the critical role of socio-demographic factors in NCD
development among PLHIV on ART. The study underscores the importance of
incorporating targeted, context-specific interventions that address
socio-economic determinants in HIV care to reduce NCD comorbidities and improve
quality of life of affected individuals.
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