Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B virus Infection among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Treatment in Three Regions of Cameroon
Abstract:
Although the prevalence of
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is high globally, it
remains variable in different settings. Few studies have been conducted on
Hepatitis B in PLHIV on antiretroviral treatment in Cameroon. This study sought
to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV among PLHIV on
antiretroviral treatment (ART) from three regions of Cameroon. This
hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2016 to April 2017
among PLHIV on ART in the Littoral, Northwest and Southwest regions of
Cameroon. Participants’ information was obtained using a questionnaire and a
review of medical records. HBV seromarkers were diagnosed using immunochromatographic
methods. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression
models at a 95% CI and 5% significance level. HBV/HIV coinfection prevalence
was 8.7% among 952 participants in the three regions, 9.4% in the Littoral, 7.5%
in the Northwest, and 8.5% in the Southwest regions. Males had higher odds of
coinfection (OR: 3.63, 95%CI: 0.080-16.50 p=0.09). Participants with secondary
education were less likely to be HBsAg positive (OR=0.17, 95%CI: 0.02-0.93; p=0.042).
Those with a history of tattooing had about four times more chances of
coinfection (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI: 0.79-12.39, p=0.097). Among co-infected
participants, HBsAb positivity was significantly associated with age (p=0.030),
and HBeAg positivity with ALT (p=0.043) and AST levels (p=0.039). HBV/HIV
coinfection was high among study participants. There is a need to routinely
screen for HBV and its different seromarkers in PLHIV on antiretroviral
treatment to improve the management of patients with coinfection and reduce
complications and death from liver disease in PLHIV.
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