Determinants of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Clients Enrolled in a Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Program in Plateau State, Nigeria
Abstract:
Maternal-to-child transmission (MTCT) of
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accounts for the majority of new
pediatric HIV infections. Preventing MTCT of HIV (PMTCT) remains a critical
intervention for ensuring that women and children survive and have a high
quality of life. This study reflects on the determinants of MTCT in Plateau
State. A retrospective analysis of mother-infant pairs enrolled in the PMTCT
program across 29 HIV treatment sites in Plateau State between 2017 and 2021
was carried out. Data were extracted from facility registers and Electronic
Medical Record (EMR). HIV-positive
mothers and infants’ pairs who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. HIV
MTCT predictors were ascertained using a logistic regression model at a 5%
level of statistical significance. Data
from 3,430 mother-infant pairs were analyzed. EID PCR-positive results were
found in 0.8% of infants at six weeks and 1.2% at 18 months. Predictors at six
to eight weeks included maternal gravidity (OR= 0.13, 95% CI
0.018:0.927, p<0.05), point of entry (PoE) into the PMTC program (OR= 10.9,
95% CI 4.7:25.4, p<0.001), and high viral load count among mothers (OR= 3.4,
95% CI 1.40:8.71, p<0.05). Predictors at 18 months were gravidity (OR =
0.19.95% CL 0.05:0.84, p = 0.05), and PMTCT program PoE (OR= 12.5, 95% CI
5.51:28.20, p < 0.001). This study identifies key determinants in
mother-to-child HIV transmission in Plateau State, including PMTCT entry of
point, gravidity, and high maternal viral load, underscoring the need for
targeted interventions focusing on enhancing healthcare accessibility.
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