Abstract:

Climate change is severely affecting agriculture worldwide, and rural farmers in Lebialem Division are particularly vulnerable. Most of them rely on rain-fed farming, making them highly susceptible to unpredictable weather patterns like irregular rainfall, prolonged dry seasons, and extreme heat. To develop an effective and sustainable solutions, it is essential to understand how these farmers perceive climate change, what actions they are taking, and the challenges they encounter. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used. Data were collected from eight villages across the three subdivisions using a multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Key statistical indicators used included Adjusted Odds Ratios (AORs), 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), and p-values. Farmers in Lebialem were highly aware (92,3%) of climate change with age group 41–50 (AOR = 7.50 (95% CI: 1.52–37.10; p = 0.014) more likely to be aware through daily experiences, even if they lack formal scientific understanding. They were actively involved in mitigation practices (87.1%) like planting trees, using mulch, organic manure, and avoiding bush burning, efforts which are often rooted in traditional knowledge. Adaptation strategies included crop diversification, irrigation, and planting crop varieties (84.1%). However, these efforts faced serious challenges such as poor tree survival rates, financial constraints, limited water access and unpredictable weather. Traditional leaders and NGOs offer support, but broader assistance remains limited. Rural farmers in Lebialem are committed to addressing climate change by combining indigenous practices with modern techniques. However, challenges limit their success. Strengthening institutional support, improving technical training, and providing financial resources are key to building resilience and ensuring food security in the region.

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