Abstract:

From creation, conflict has since lived with mankind in all facets of life. Conflict lives with man, his environment, groups or associations. In families or marriages, conflict is deeply experienced either in the form of simple or chronic. At the workplace or the institutional level, conflict plays a key role in work operations among or between employees and employers or core management. Conflict in itself comes with positive and negative development to society. In the sovereign country like Ghana, majority of the population hold the perception or proposition that the five regions of the North are deeply rooted into conflict engagements. This perception is done to some geo-conflict occurrences in the Northern part of Ghana. The question is - what really is the term conflict? Many have divergent conceptualized views, opinions or perceptions about conflict in society. Some find answers by saying it erupts when there is argument between two or more people, when there are interests to satisfy, misunderstanding, cheating, injustice among others. Even identical twins do have conflicts. Examples of conflicts include the Kusasi – Mamprusi conflict of Bawku, Konkomba – Dagomba conflict, the Abudu – Andani Dagbon Chieftaincy conflict all of Northern Ghana and the Eritrean – Ethiopia Civil War, Rwandan Genocide, Somali Civil War, Nigerian Civil War as well as the Russia – Ukraine War.

References:

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[8] Mahama, E. S. (2003). Conflict in Ghana: Strategies, Stakeholders And the Way Forward. In B.

[9] Marshall J. E. (2009). Building an Effective African Standby Force to Promote African Stability, Conflict Resolution and Prosperity [Discussion paper No. 16] (Series 2). London, UK: Crisis States Research Centre.

[10] Bates, R. H. (2019). Modernization, Ethnic Competition, And the Rationality of Politics in contemporary africa. in State versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas (pp. 152-171). Routledge.

[11] Nnoli, O. (2006). National Security in Africa: A Radical New Perspective. Enugu: Snaap Press Ltd.

[12] Adjei, J. K. (2016). “Tracking the Peacebuilding Approaches in the Bawku Chieftaincy Conflict: Prospects and Challenges” in Steve Tonah and Alhassan Suleimana Anamzoya eds.), Managing Chieftaincy and Ethnic Conflicts in Ghana (pp. 67-89). Accra: Woeli.

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[16] Van Halema, V., & Rassul, K. (2013). Local Conflict Trend Analysis: Balkh Province. Kabul: CPAU.

[17] Kwesi, A. (2013). Report on Access to Justice -Scoping Study of the Justice (formal and informal) sector in Ghana. (Unpublished Manuscript).

[18] Atuguba, R. A., Agyebeng, K., & Dedey, E. (2006). Access to justice in Ghana:

[19] Bukari K. N. (2013). Exploring Indigenous Approaches to Conflict Resolution: The Case of The Bawku Conflict in Ghana. Journal of Sociological Research, 4(2), 86-104.

[20] Hammill, A., & Bescançon, C. (2010). Promoting Conflict Sensitivity in Transboundary Protected Areas: A Role For Peace and Conflict Impact Assessments (Handbook Dialogue Series, No. 8.). Paper Prepared for the Workshop on Transboundary Protected Areas in the Governance Stream of the 5th World Parks Congress, Durban, South Africa.

[21] Awedoba, A. K. (2009). An Ethnographic Study of Northern Ghanaian Conflicts: Towards a Sustainable Peace. Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers.

[22] Lundy, B. D. (2014). Monitoring Conflicts of Interest: Social Conflicts in Guinea Bissau’s Fisheries. London: Lexington Books.

[23] Lederach, J. (2005). The Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Abstract:

This study examines how Federal Universities of Northern Nigeria use ICT to make decisions. Technology in data storage, analytics, and decision support systems has transformed decision-making, according to the introduction. We examine how ICT improves decision-making through data gathering, analysis, and communication. The hypothesis is that ICT use does not affect decision-making in these universities. The correlational study included 2,114 workers from all Northern Nigerian Federal Universities. The sample procedure selected states from each geopolitical zone and seven federal institutions from each state. Data was collected using a questionnaire on ICT in Effective Planning (QAICTEP). The null hypothesis was tested using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation coefficient (PPMCC). The respondents' age, experience, and qualifications were diverse. Male respondents outnumbered female respondents 75% to 25%. The null hypothesis was rejected since the PPMCC analysis showed a positive correlation (r = 0.609) between ICT application and decision-making. The conclusion shows that ICT use improves decision-making. ICT infrastructure investments, training, enhanced Decision Support System integration, and strong data governance regulations are recommended. at conclusion, this study sheds light on strategic ICT integration and decision-making at Federal Universities in Northern Nigeria, emphasising the need to improve decision-making quality and efficiency.

References:

[1].   Adedokun, M. O., Ogunleye, S. B. (2020). The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Decision Making in Nigerian Universities. International Journal of Computer Applications, 179(41), 39-47.

[2].   Adetimirin, A. (2012). ICT Literacy among Undergraduates in Nigerian Universities. Education and Information Technologies, 17(4), 381-397.

[3].   Ajayi, I. A., Ekundayo, H. T. (2009). The application of information and communication technology in Nigerian secondary schools. International NGO Journal, 4(5), 281-286.

[4].   Ali, A. et al. (2018). Enhancing Communication and Collaboration in Nigerian Universities through ICT. European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 6(1), 1-11.

[5].   Ani, O. (2013). ICT Adoption in Nigerian Universities. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, 4(9).

[6].   Ani, O. E., Biao, E. P. (2005). Accessibility of Resources by Undergraduates: A Case Study of a Nigerian University of Technology. The Electronic Library, 23(5), 518-526.

[7].   Asiyai, R. (2015). Challenges of quality in higher education in Nigeria in the 21st century. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, 5(2), 159-172.

[8].   Baro, E., Edewor, N., Sunday, G. (2014). Web 2.0 Tools: A Survey of Awareness and Use by Librarians in University Libraries in Africa. The Electronic Library, 32(6), 864-883.

[9].   Bhargava, H. K., Power, D. J., Sun, D. (2007). Progress in Web-Based Decision Support Technologies. Decision Support Systems, 43(4), 1083–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2005.07.002

[10].  Courtney, J. F. (2001). Decision making And Knowledge Management In Inquiring Organizations: Toward a New Decision-Making Paradigm for DSS. Decision Support Systems, 31(1), 17–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9236(00)00117-2

[11].  Ezenwoke, A., Tanko, H. (2017). The Role of ICT in Streamlining Administrative Processes in Nigerian Universities. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 3(1), 146-154.

[12].  Few, S. (2006). Information Dashboard Design: The Effective Visual Communication of Data. O'Reilly Media, Inc.

[13].  Jim, C. Y., Chen, W. Y. (2010). External Effects of Neighbourhood Parks and Landscape Elements on High-Rise Residential Value. Land Use Policy, 27(2), 662–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.08.027

[14].  Nok, G. (2006). The Challenges of Computerizing a University library in Nigeria: the Case of Kashim Ibrahim Library, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Library Philosophy and Practice, 8(2), 1-7.

[15].  Power, D. J. (2002). Decision Support Systems: Concepts and Resources for Managers. Greenwood Publishing Group.

[16].  Watson, H. J. (2009). Tutorial: Business Intelligence-Past, Present, and Future. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 25(1), 39.

[17].  Yusuf, M. A. (2018). Decision Support Systems in Nigerian Universities: A Catalyst for Informed Decision-Making. Journal of Business and Management, 20(4), 1-8.

[18].  Akinbo, S. (2017). Backness Harmony in Fungwa. Qualifyin Paper, University of British Columbia

[19].  Mohammed, I. D. (2006). Workshop Facilities Management Techniques Adopted by Technical Staff in Institutions Offering Technical Teacher Education in Northwestern Nigeria. Unpublished M.Ed Thesis. UNN: Department of VTE.

[20].  Messerli, B. (2012). Information and Communication Technologies for Sustainable Development: A Review of Concepts, Applications, and Challenges. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 19(3), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdw.2011.11.001

[21].  Adegboye, A. O. (2001). Research Project Report. A Practical Guide. Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin.

Abstract:

The South African mining industry, despite being the world's fifth-largest mineral reserve, is facing various challenges that prevent it from contributing to the economy to its fullest potential. These challenges include inflationary pressure, extreme nationalism, political instability, civil unrest, poor infrastructure, and inefficient regulatory practices, which have discouraged foreign investments. Although the government has developed legal frameworks to address uncertain circumstances, the lack of follow-up and transparency are key drawbacks contributing to the persistence of these issues. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of open strategy as a strategic management method in the South African mining industry can foster innovation and growth while showcasing how open strategy can benefit both established and emerging mining entities. The study highlights the importance of adopting a mutually beneficial approach, which can unlock the full potential of the mining industry and lead to more innovative and competitive business strategies. The study used a mixed methodology, which means both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The research included interviews with 20 highly knowledgeable participants and a survey that received 205 responses. To identify the right individuals to participate in the research, the snowball research technique was used. It helped in creating a relevant chain sampling and selecting individuals based on their knowledge, relationships, and expertise regarding the research subject. According to the study's results, there is a favorable attitude toward open strategy, which is reinforced by the growing demand for inclusive communication as an effective means of engaging stakeholders. The results also revealed that the South African mining sector lacks formalized strategies and employee engagement methods. The research determined the value of the current strategic processes in South Africa's mining sector and generated an approach to how open strategy can be a successful process for mining companies.

References:

Abstract:

There's a growing demand for better dental prosthetics that combine function, aesthetics, and comfort. The therapy for edentulous patients can be realized through the use of conventional Removable Complete Dentures (RCDs), implant-supported prostheses, and Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CADCAM). This study was aimed at evaluating the suitability of the established standard height of ORBs among the dental clinicians in Makerere University Dental Hospital in Uganda. This was a cross-sectional study employing a qualitative approach using purposive sampling. Fifteen (15) participants were selected across social demographics. Thematic data analysis revealed insights into the suitability of the established standard height of ORBs. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and themes were generated to draw deeper meaning for suitability. A qualitative package, Open code version 4.2.1 was used to generate themes from the interviews followed by an interpretation of the data generated, and the result was presented as text and table. The findings revealed a prevalent trend in Uganda where occlusal rim block heights often fall below international standards, emphasizing the need for a patient-centered and individualized approach. There's a positive shift towards new measurements, improving chair-side efficiency, and reducing appointment duration. The findings highlighted economic efficiency, minimizing material wastage, and positively impacting patient-reported outcomes. This study highlighted the need for tailored ORB guidelines for Ugandan edentulous patients for better treatment outcomes. This will save time during the registration stage and help to improve accuracy.

References:

Abstract:

This paper will highlight the important features of Project Management Traits and Skills and identify the most effective skill set to produce a successful Construction Project. The paper is laid out with a general introduction of the key concepts of Project Management, specifically Construction Project Management, it then examines the crucial traits, skills, and characteristics and determines based on research of works completed as to the combination that is most likely to achieve project success. It was established that Interpersonal skills, leadership, effective communication, and prompt technical skills were likely to produce the most successful project. The purpose of the research study is to place, in the research linguistics, the methods and instruments to be used in the research model, from the location of the type of study and the design of the research; its world or population; its samples; and the instruments and techniques of data collection. The techniques used in this study will be based on the literature, review of standards of traits and skills, studies, and research undertaken previously, which will allow to gather the information needed to make findings and conclusions and develop the Risk Management Plan. The result was identifying traits and skills needed by Project Managers to compete and complete construction projects and how project managers must operate and respect the professional codes of their field, particularly the responsibilities that surround all facets of project management.

References:

[1].   Construction Project Management Skills. London: Construction Industry Council, UK; 2001.

[2].   El-Sabaa, S. (2001). The Skills and Career Path of an Effective Project Manager. International Journal of Project Management, 19(1), 1-7.

[3].   Udo, N. & Koppensteiner, S. (2004). What are the Core Competencies of a Successful Project Manager? Paper Presented at PMI® Global Congress 2004—EMEA, Prague, Czech Republic. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute.

[4].   De Piante, J. (2010). The Soft Part is the Hard Part. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2010—North America, Washington, DC. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute.

[5].   Krahn, J. & Hartment, F. (2006). Effective Project Leadership: a Combination of Project Manager Skills and Competencies in Context. Paper Presented at PMI® Research Conference: New Directions in Project Management, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute.

[6].   Zoninsein, M. S. (2011). New Ground. PM Network, 25(12), 42–45.

[7].   Munns, A. and Bjeirmi, B. (1996). The Role of Project Management in Achieving Project success. Ph.D. University of Dundee.

[8].   Davis, S. A. (2011). Investigating the Impact of Project Managers' Emotional Intelligence on their Interpersonal Competence. Project Management Journal, 42(4), 37–57. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20247.

[9].   Fewings, P. (2013). Construction Project Management: An Integrated Approach (Second ed.). London: Routledge.

[10].  Maqbool, R., Sudong, Y., Manzoor, N., & Rashid, Y. (2017). The Impact of Emotional Intelligence, Project Managers' Competencies, and Transformational Leadership on Project Success: An Empirical Perspective. Project Management Journal, 48(3), 58–75.

[11].  Mayer, & Salovey. (1993). The Intelligence of Emotional Intelligence. Intelligence, 17(4), 433-442.

[12].  Deutschendorf, H. (2015) Why Emotionally Intelligent People are More Successful. Fast Company, Accessed 17 October 2017. https://www.fastcompany.com/3047455/why-emotionally-intelligent-people-are-more-successful.

[13].  A Global Forecast for the Construction Industry to 2030. (2015). 4th ed. [ebook] United Kingdom: Global Construction Perspectives and Oxford Economics. Available at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/engineering-construction/pdf/global-construction-summit-2030-enr.pdf.

[14].  Gillard, D. (2009). Soft Skills and Technical Expertise of Effective Project Managers. [ebook] Available at: http://iisit.org/Vol6/IISITv6p723-729Gillard599.pdf.

[15].  Smith, J. Fox, L. (2011). Transparency International Publishes Bribe Payers Index For 2011. Mondaq Business Briefing, p. Mondaq Business Briefing, Nov 14, 2011.

[16].  Lock, D. (2007). Project Management. 9th ed. Hampshire: Gower Publishing Limited, pp. 17-27.

[17].  Shenhar, A., Holzmann, V., Melamed, B., & Zhao, Y. (2016). The Challenge of Innovation in Highly Complex Projects: What can We Learn From Boeing's Dreamliner Experience? Project Management Journal, 47(2), 62–78. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21579.

[18].  Mason, J., 2009. Ethics in the Construction Industry: The Prospects for A Single Professional Code. International Journal of Law in the Built Environment, 1(3), pp. 194-204.

Climbing the Curve. (2015). Global Construction Survey 2015. [online] KPMG International. Available at: https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2015/04/globalconstruction-survey-2015

Abstract:

This article explores the usefulness of digitalisation in the economic inclusion of rural women in the Umguza district of Zimbabwe. An inductive approach was used, and information was collected through semi-structured interviews with 250 rural women in the 19 wards of Umguza district between the ages of 16 and 65, as well as reviewing secondary data in the form of government, non-governmental, industry reports and scholarly articles. Thematic analysis was used to draw insights on pertinent themes and patterns related to the role of digitalisation in the economic inclusion of rural women. The key findings indicated that the lives of rural women who accessed and used digital technology improved through active participation in economic activities and had greater, faster access to information and skills resulting in higher productivity. The findings highlight the necessity of adopting a gender-sensitive approach in rolling out technology-based initiatives to ensure the sustainable economic inclusion of rural women, ultimately contributing to the broader goals of gender equality and economic development. The study concluded that access to and usage of digital technologies opens up economic prospects for rural women, enriches their financial status, increases their access to education, and nurtures social connectivity. The findings also show that when elements like the provision of cheaper broadband solutions and low-cost smartphones are not attended to, digitalisation has the potential to adversely affect rural women resulting in the widening of the digital gender divide. The recommendations from this study provide insights to government, private sector, and civil society seeking to drive women's economic inclusion through digitalisation and contribute to the body of research on digitalisation and rural women’s economic inclusion.

References:

[1] ICRW, Understanding and measuring women's economic empowerment, Date of access: 23 February 2024. https://www.icrw.org/publications/understanding-and-measuring-womens-economic-empowerment/.

[2] World Bank, World Bank annual report 2016, Date of access: 28 February 2024. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/596391540568499043-0340022018/original/worldbankannualreport2016.pdf.

[3] ITU, Measuring digital development: Facts and Figures 2022, Date of access: 17 January 2024 https://www.itu.int/hub/publication/d-ind-ict_mdd-2022/.

[4] Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, Consumer survey report, Date of access: 19 December 2023,  https://www.rbz.co.zw/documents/BLSS/2022/Zimbabwe_FinScope_Consumer_2022_Survey_Report.pdf.

[5] Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI), Bridging the gender gap: Promoting women’s financial inclusion: Tools & guidance from the AFI network.  Alliance for Financial Inclusion, Date of access: 19 December 2023. https://www.afi-global.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/2017-11/AFI2017_Gender_full_AW_ISBN_digital.pdf.

[6] FAO, 2023, The status of women in agrifood systems, Rome, Date of access 19 December 2023. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5343en.

[7] Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, 2022,  Zimbabwe National Financial Inclusion Strategy II (2022 - 2026).

[8] Zimbabwe Women's Microfinance Bank (ZWMB), 2018. Achievements as of 31 December 2022, Date of access 17 January 2024. https://www.womensbank.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/ACHIEVEMENTS-AS-AT-31-DECEMBER-2022_2.pdf.

[9] Gurumurthy, A., & Chami, N., 2019, Development justice in the digital paradigm: Agenda 2030 and beyond. Development, 62, 19-28. Date of access: 8 December 2023 https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-019-00203-6.

[10] Cabeza-García, L., Del Brio, E. B., & Oscanoa-Victorio, M. L., 2019, Female financial inclusion and its impacts on inclusive economic development. Women's Studies International Forum, 77, Date of access 8 December 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2019.102300.

[11] Insurance and Pensions Commission. Microinsurance Regulatory Framework 2020, Date of access 30 November 2023.  https://www.scribd.com/document/463521342/Microinsurance-Regulatory-Framework-Zimbabwe-Final-Draft-pdf.

[12] Kuma, B., & Godana, A., 2023, Factors affecting rural women's economic empowerment in Wolaita Ethiopia. Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(2), 2235823. Date of access: 27 February 2024 https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2235823.

[13] VeritasZim, Zimbabwe National Policy for ICT, 2016.

[14] Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ). (2020). Universal Service Fund, date of access: 27 February 2024 https://data.misa.org/api/files/1678357457135yvl14rml95.pdf.

[15] Muzari W., 2016, Gender Disparities and the Role of Women in Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Science and Research, 5, 1869- 1873.

[16] Arsić, M., 2020, Impact of digitalisation on economic growth, productivity and employment. Economic Themes, 58(4), 431-457.

[17] OECD,2018, Bridging the digital gender divide: Include, upskill, innovate. Date of access:  19 December 2023 https://www.oecd.org/digital/bridging-the-digital-gender-divide.pdf.

[18] Zaheer, H., Breyer, Y., & Dumay, J.,2019, Digital entrepreneurship: An interdisciplinary structured literature review and research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 148, 119735.

[19] Kuma, B., & Godana, A. (2023). Factors affecting rural women's economic empowerment in Wolaita Ethiopia. Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(2), 2235823, Date of access: 29 February 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2235823.

[20] Zimbabwe Women's Resource Centre and Network (ZWRCN),2018,  Empowering Rural Women through ICTs. Date of access: 25 February 24. http://zwrcn.org.zw/empowering-rural-women-through-icts/.

[21] Ndlovu, T., Moyo, F., Zikhali, W., & Mabhena, C.,2015, Farmer participation: A drive towards sustainable agricultural production in Makwe irrigation scheme, Zimbabwe. Global Journal of  Agricultural Economics Extension and Rural Development ( 3) 308-320.

[22] IFAD, 2020, Mobilizing Access to Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Transformation (MASTER). Date of access: 27 February 2024 https://www.ifad.org/en/web/operations/project/id/2000001804.

[23] EPRC, Norms hampering women’s access to digital financial services, Date of access: 27 February 2024. https://eprcug.org/eprc-in-the-news/norms-hampering-womens-access-to-digital-financial-services/.

[24] IFAD, 2023, Odisha PVTG Empowerment & Livelihoods Improvement Programme – II Project Design Report, Date of access 19 December 2023. https://webapps.ifad.org/members/eb/140/docs/EB-2023-140-R-2-Project-Design-Report.pdf.

[25] Moyo, M., Mucherah, W., & Mhishi, M.,2018, Digital Learning Centers: A Panacea for Bridging the Digital Divide in Rural Zimbabwe. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 17, 293-310.

[26] Tibebe, Y. A., & Tessema, K. G., 2017, Gender disparity and characteristics of women entrepreneurs in rural Ethiopia, Journal of International Women's Studies, 18(4), 50-64.

[27] Bourgault, S., Buvinic, M., Knowles, J.C.,  O’Donell, M., 2020, Measuring women’s economic empowerment, Date of access: 27 February 2024. https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/measuring-womens-economic-empowerment.pdf.

[28] Dermirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., Ansar, S., Hess, J., The Global Findex, Database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution. WorldBank.

Abstract:

The study sought to contribute to the general body of knowledge and research work in business value system (BVS). The research work also aimed to establish the most prominent types of values from the literature and ascertain how BVS elements are interconnected and influence business performance toward success. The concept of business values as a system is relatively new.  However, this paper’s purpose is to bridge the various pieces of BVS knowledge in literature by systematically reviewing a collection of articles on the subject and drawing valuable conclusions relating to the various paradigms or schools of thought. The researcher, for this study, identified and critically reviewed a minimum of forty (40) old and recent articles on BVS that were gathered from highly recognized and profiled research databases, including Google Scholar, Research Gate and Elsevier (database), Persistent themes on the prevalent forms of BVS; their interconnectedness and their influence on business performance were observed. It became clear that defining BVS exists because of the systematic connectedness of the values. There is enough evidence from the literature that when implemented well, BVS yields successfulness to the companies and consequently, development of the respective local and national communities in a mutual manner.

References:

[1] TAU (2021a) Business Environment -Module for PhD. in Management. Guyana, TAU. Retrieved from https://dblplms.tauedu.org/course/view.php?

[2] Nworgu B. G. (2006). Educational research: Basic issues and methodology. Nsukka: University Trust Publishers, 2006.

[3] Sekeran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business A Skill Building Approach, 4th Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

[4] Koi-Akrofi Joyce (2023). CSR Paradigms, Consumer Behaviour, and Business Performance: A Literature-Based Analysis, Texila International Journal of Management, (ISSN 2520-310X) DOI: 10.21522/TIJMG.2015.09.01. Art003.

[5] Cherunilam F.  (2018). Business Environment 1st Ed. Himalaya Publishing House Pvt ltd.

[6] TAU (2021b) Business, and Industrial Market Structure - Module for PhD. in Management. Guyana, TAU. Retrieved from https://dblplms.tauedu.org/course/view.php?

[7] Freeman, R. (1994), “The politics of stakeholder theory: Some future directions”, Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 409-421. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857340.

[8] O'Donovan, K. (2017, April 16). 20 Inspiring Vision Statement Examples (2017 Updated). Retrieved August 01, 2022 from http://www.lifehack.org/articles/work/20-sample-vision-statement-for-the-new-startup.html.

[9] TAU (2021c) Research Methodology - Module for PhD. in Management. Guyana, TAU. Retrieved from https://dblplms.tauedu.org/course/view.php?

[10] TAU (2021d) Strategic Management - Module for PhD. in Management. Guyana, TAU. Retrieved from https://dblplms.tauedu.org/course/view.php?

[11] Ssegawa, J (2013) ‘Developing a strategic perspective for construction industry of Botswana’, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 13 (3) 157-172

[12] Barney, J. and Hesterly, W. (2015). Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage Concepts and Cases. 5th ed. Essex, England Pearson Education.

[13] Moroka, K. (2009). Innovative corporate social responsibility in Botswana: The Debswana mining company study case. Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei, China.

[14] Daft, R. (2010). Management. 9th ed. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.

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[17] Pratama I., Adam N.C., Kamardi H. (2019), Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) Quality in Indonesian Public Listed Companies, Polish Journal of Management Studies, Vol.20 No.1, DOI: 10.17512/pjms.2019.20.1.31

[18] Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business & society, 38(3), 268-295.

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[22] Jamali, D., Safieddine, A., and Rabbath, M. (2008), “Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility synergies and interrelationships”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 16 No. 5, pp. 443-459. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2008.00702.x

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Abstract:

Information and communications technology (ICT) plays a vital role in enhancing planning effectiveness in higher education institutions. This study investigated the relationship between ICT application and effective planning in federal universities in Northern Nigeria.  A correlational research design was used with population is ten thousand five hundred and seventy-seven (10,577) staff and the sample size of 2,114 university staff. The sapling procedure was simple random sampling; proportionate sampling and accidental sampling. Participants completed a modified likert scale questionnaire measuring ICT use and effective planning. Descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages was used. At a significance level of 0.05, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation coefficient (PPMCC) was employed to evaluate the formulated null hypotheses. Results showed a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.528, p < 0.05) between ICT application and effective planning, indicating technology use associates with improved planning. The findings were that there is significant relationship between the application of ICT and effective planning in Federal Universities of Northern Nigeria. Based on these conclusions, it is recommended that universities develop ICT plans integrated with their strategic goals, while conducting regular evaluations to refine technology management practices. This will empower effective data-driven and collaborative planning activities. The study provides empirical evidence on the relationship between ICT capabilities and planning effectiveness in Nigerian higher education.

References:

[1] Adetimirin, A. (2012). ICT Literacy among Undergraduates in Nigerian Universities. Education and Information Technologies, 17(4), 381-397.

[2] Angelidou, M. (2014). Smart city policies: A spatial approach. Cities, 41, S3–S11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.06.007.

[3] Ani, O. E.,  Biao, E. P. (2005). Accessibility of Resources by Undergraduates: A Case Study of a Nigerian University of Technology. The Electronic Library, 23(5), 518-526.

[4] Asiyai, R. (2015). Challenges of quality in higher education in Nigeria in the 21st century. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, 5(2), 159-172.

[5] Baro, E., Edewor N., Sunday, G. (2014). Web 2.0 tools: a survey of awareness and use by librarians in university libraries in Africa. The Electronic Library, 32(6), 864-883.

[6] Brabham, D. C. (2009). Crowdsourcing the Public Participation Process for Planning Projects. Planning Theory, 8(3), 242–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095209104824.

[7] Evans-Cowley, J., Hollander, J. (2010). The new generation of public participation: Internet-based participation tools. Planning Practice & Research, 25(3), 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2010.503432.

[8] Isikdag, U., Zlatanova, S. (2009). Towards defining a framework for automatic generation of buildings in CityGML using Building Information Models. In J. Lee & S. Zlatanova (Eds.), 3D Geo-Information Sciences (pp. 79–96). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87395-2_6.

[9] Mohammed, A. (2006). The role of ICT in Nigerian university libraries. The Information Technologist, 3(2), 96-105.

[10] Nedović-Budić, Z., Pinto, J. K., Warnecke, L. (2011). GIS Databases and Planning. In T. L. Nyerges, H. Couclelis, & R. McMaster (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of GIS and Society (pp. 381–402). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446201046.n21.

[11] Messerli, B. (2012). Information and Communication Technologies for Sustainable Development: A Review of Concepts, Applications, and Challenges. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 19(3), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdw.2011.11.001.

Abstract:

Identification of the possible risks that will affect the projects, knowing them will allow control of these, will increase the probability of success of the projects, and the level of confidence of the involved will increase by decreasing the level of uncertainty of the project. The development of this work is comprised of five phases, first was a planning to structure the processes to follow evaluating,, stages, then the risks that will affect the project and their characteristics, the qualitative analysis was performed, prioritized for actions, evaluating and estimating their probability of occurrence and their impact, then the plan was designed for the treatment and response to risks to reduce, retain and transfer their threats during the development of the project itself and finally give the guidelines for the monitoring and control of risks. Based on the above, the following question is generated: What are the risks to consider in consultancy services for the Project of Construction, to guarantee success in the execution, monitoring, and control of the same? The purpose of the research will be to: Analyze qualitatively the risks identified that meet the standards mandated by the construction oversight body in the construction sector. This research would have used a qualitative approach by utilizing information gathered from secondary sources as the main source of data and presented an office study approach rather than a fieldwork data structure. The result was identifying Risk Management factors for the Project of Construction to offer a tool that helps in better decision-making and to establish implementing strategies that guarantee the fulfillment of the objectives of quality, and costs of the Project.

References:

Abstract:

The study examined the effect of internal factors on financial performance of pharmaceutical wholesale companies in Zimbabwe. The research objectives set to guide the study were to ascertain internal factors influencing the financial performance of pharmaceutical wholesale companies; establish operating mechanisms that are deployed to improve financial performance of pharmaceutical wholesale companies; identify adverse effects resulting from the poor financial performance of pharmaceutical wholesale companies and proffer recommendations on how pharmaceutical wholesale companies in Zimbabwe can improve financial performance. The study adopted a quantitative research design and employed convenient sampling to gather data from 103 pharmaceutical companies in Zimbabwe. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results from the study were presented using tables and figures. Results from the study show that information technology systems and marketing systems may influence financial performance of pharmaceutical wholesale companies, while organizational culture, financial mechanisms and distribution systems may not influence financial performance. Adverse effects of poor financial performance identified in the study include economic loss, bad operational decisions, poor staff retention and bankruptcy. Key recommendations from the study include the need to leverage information technology (IT) systems and marketing systems to improve the financial performance of pharmaceutical wholesale companies in Zimbabwe. While the study did not find significant influences of organizational culture, financial mechanisms and distribution systems on financial performance, it is essential for companies to continuously assess and adapt these internal factors to align with organizational goals and market dynamics.

References:

[1] Farmer, B., & Thornicrofty, P. 2023. Zimbabwe’s health system hangs in the balance as voters go the polls. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/zimbabwe-health-system-collapse-elections-africa/

[2] Musiza, P.T. 2023. Pricing Strategies of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Zimbabwe and Their Impact on Service Provision. Open Access Library Journal, 10(1):1-30.

[3] United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO). 2017. Sector development strategy for pharmaceutical manufacturing in Zimbabwe 2017-2022. Harare, Zimbabwe.

[4] Gughlanga, E.S., & Madongonda, A.M. 2019. Surviving a Rabid Economy: The current cash crisis and its threat to security and governance in the monetary sector in Zimbabwe. The Journal of Africa Development XLIV 3 pp 87-105.

[5] Mutekwe, L.T., Mafini, C., & Chinomona, E. 2020. Supply chain risk management and operational performance in the food retail industry in Zimbabwe. Acta Commercii Independent Research Journal in the Management Sciences. 2413(1903): 1-15.

[6] Chirisa, I., Dumba, S. & Mukura, T. 2012. Innovative, Adaptive and Survivalist Strategies by Small Business Enterprises in Zimbabwe (1990-2009). Implications for Policy and Planning. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences: (2):114-132.

[7] World Population Review. 2024. https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cities/zimbabwe.

[8] Kyu-Seong, K. 2022. Methodology of Non-probability Sampling in Survey Research. Am J Biomed Sciences & Reseearch. 15(6).

[9] Taro, Y. 1967. Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Edition, New York: Harper and Row.

[10]    Fincham J.E. 2008. Response rates and responsiveness for surveys, standards, and the Journal. American Journal of Pharmacy Education. 15;72(2):43.

[11]    Bounthavong, M. 2019. Communicating data effectively with data visualization – Part 15 (Diverging Stacked Bar Chart for Likert scales). https://mbounthavong.com/blog/tag/Diverging+stacked+bar+chart.

[12]    Heiberger, R. M, & Robbins N, B. 2014. Design of diverging stacked bar charts for Likert scales and other applications. Journal of Statistical Software. 57(5): 1-32. https://www.jstatsoft.org/article/view/v057i05/v57i05.pdf.

[13]    Wanjohi^, A.M., & Syokau. P. 2021. How to conduct Likert scale analysis. https://www.kenpro.org/how-to-conduct-likert-scale-analysis/.

[14]    Mandel, G.D. 2023. Improving Strategic Planning: The Crucial Role of Enhancing Relationships between Management Levels. Administrative Sciences 13(10): 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13100211.

[15]    Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2020.  Enterprises by business size. [Online]. Available from https://data.oecd.org/entrepreneur/enterprises-by-business-size.htm.

[16]    Hosain, S., & Saif M, A.N. 2019. Impact of Firm Size on Financial Performance of Banking Companies in Bangladesh. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343390858.

[17]    Vinasithamby, S. 2015. Does firm size influence on firm’s Profitability? Evidence from listed firms of Sri Lankan Hotels and Travels sector. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting. 6(6): 201-207, January 2015.

[18]    Gunu, U., & Adamade, S.S. 2015. The relationship between firm age and financial performance in Nigeria:  a panel analysis. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa. 17(3): 128-141.

[19]    Chen, Y.S., Yang, C.C, Yang, Y.F. 2020. Higher Academic Qualifications, Professional Training and Operating Performance of Audit Firms. Sustainability. 12(3):1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031254.

[20]    Mohamed, M.H., & Muturi, W. 2017. Factors affecting financial performance of income generating units among universities in Puntland state of Somalia: The case Puntland state university. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management. 5 (4): 287-318. http://ijecm.co.uk/.

[21]    Rebelo, T. M., & Gomes, A. D. 2011. Conditioning factors of an organizational learning culture. Journal of Workplace Learning, 23(3), 173–194. https://doi.org/10.1108/13665621111117215.

[22]    Chapelle, A. 2019. Operational Risk Management, Best Practices in the Financial Services Industry. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Publishers.

[23]    Taher, A. 2023. Stakeholders’ opinions support the people-process-technology framework for implementing digital transformation in higher education. Technology, Pedagogy and Education. 32(5): 555-567.

[24]    Alecsoiu, O.R., Chirculescu, M.F. & Panagoret, A. 2022. Financial Performance under the Impact of the Decision to Implement an Organizational Change. 14(13)932. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142113932.

[25]    Mang'ana, K.M., Ndyetabula, D.W, & Hokororo, S.J. 2023. Financial management practices and performance of agricultural small and medium enterprises in Tanzania. Social Sciences and Humanities Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100494.

[26]    Agbemava, E., Ahiase, G., Sedzro, E., Adade, T.C., Bediako A.K., Nyarko, I.K., & Nyarko, I.K. 2016. Assessing the Effects of Sound Financial Statement Preparation on the Growth of Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises. European Journal of Business Management. 8(7): 22-30.

[27]    Opoku-Akyea, D.  2019. Challenges of Outsourcing Transport Logistics. African Journal of Procurement, Logistics & Supply Chain Management,1(10):38-49, October 2019.

[28]    Liu, W. C. 2020. How Useful Is It for Banks to Analyze Financial Statements? American Journal of Industrial and Business Management. 10(8):1488-1504, August 20.

[29]    Weaver, L & Woods, M. 2015. The Challenges Faced by Reporting Entities on Their Transition to IFRS - A Qualitative Study. Journal: Accounting in Europe. 12(2):1-30, October 27.

[30]    Jain, K.S., & Jain R, K. 2019. Use of information technology in India's pharmaceutical industry. Asian Journal of Information and Communications, 11(2): 97-112. May 12.

[31]    Laughingrock. 2022. IT Needs Depending on Company Size. [Online]. Available from https://laughingrock.com/information-technology-needs-change-depending-company-size/.

[32]    The Commonwealth Fund. 2022. The Impact of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers on U.S. Drug Spending. [Online]. Available from https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2022/jul/impact-pharmaceutical-wholesalers-drug-spending.

[33]    Tosun, P., Dogan, M., & Koyluoglu, S. 2021. The Impact of Marketing on The Business Performance of Companies: A Literature Review. Journal of Social Sciences of Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi. 9(1):63-74, July 3.

[34]    Schwarz, L. 2022. Distribution Management: Definition, Advantages & Strategies. [Online]. Available https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/erp/distribution-management.shtml.

[35]    Mbogo, M., Jimmy, M., & Orlando, C. 2021. Effect of Budgeting Practices on Financial Performance of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. Journal of language, technology & entrepreneurship in Africa. 12(1):84-110, July 15.

Abstract:

The world has recently witnessed a pandemic and is now challenged by continuous environmental changes. Human health is in constant jeopardy with the rise in bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Antibiotics are the most widely used medication for the treatment of any infection. The urban population does not always maintain a healthy lifestyle due to the fast-paced nature of life. West Bengal the eastern state of India is no exception to this directive. Rampant use of antibiotics and their frequent consumption has widely increased over the years. This is posing a serious threat to the healthy microbiome of the human intestine. It is resulting in a decline of the healthy microbiota and the development of antibiotic resistance. The study aims to understand the effect of antibiotic consumption in the post-COVID scenario on the gut microbiome of the West Bengal population. The population includes both rural and urban as it takes into account the different lifestyles.

References:

[1] Barron M, 2022, The Gut Resistome and the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance. American Society of Microbiology, June 2022. The Gut Resistome and the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance (asm.org).

[2] CDC Antibotic Resistance threat report (2019), Date of access: 09/02/2024 2019 Antibiotic Resistance Threats Report | CDC.

[3] Pascaul C, 2018, Intestinal microbiota and antibiotic resistance: Perspectives and solutions. Human Microbial Journal, vol. 9, 11-15. Intestinal microbiota and antibiotic resistance: Perspectives and solutions – ScienceDirect.

[4]  Matzaras R, 2022, Gut Microbiota Modulation and Prevention of Dysbiosis as an Alternative Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance: A Narrative Review. Yale J Biol Med, 95(4): 479–494. Focus: Antimicrobial Resistance: Gut Microbiota Modulation and Prevention of Dysbiosis as an Alternative Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance: A Narrative Review - PMC (nih.gov).

[5] Yang L, 2021, The varying effects of antibiotics on gut microbiota. AMB Expr, 11:116. https://amb-express.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13568-021-01274-w.

[6] Singh S 2019, The human gut resistome: Current concepts & future prospects. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 150(4): 345–358. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fijmr.IJMR_1979_17.

[7] CDC, India Annual Report (2021) Antimicrobial Resistance, Date of access: 09/02/2024 https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/india/anniversary-report/antimicrobial-resistance.html#print.

[8] WHO Report (2020) Antibiotic Resistance, Date of access: 09/02/2024 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance.

[9] Aliouche H, 2022, The Effect of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiome. News Medical Life Sciences, 26 Jul 2022. The Effect of Antibiotics on the Gut Microbiome (news-medical.net).

[10] Ibana J, 2016, Addressing the Antibiotic Resistance Problem with Probiotics: Reducing the Risk of its Double-Edged Sword Effect. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7:1983. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01983.

[11] Tang Q, 2020, Current Sampling Methods for Gut Microbiota: A Call for More Precise Devices. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, vol 10, article 151. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00151/full.

[12] Kapoor M,2023, Impact of COVID-19 on healthcare system: A systematic review. Journal of Public Health Research, vol 12(3),1-7. 10.1177_22799036231186349.pdf (nih.gov).

[13] Massarine N, 2023, How Did COVID-19 Impact the Antimicrobial Consumption and Bacterial Resistance Profiles in Brazil? Antibiotics, 12(9), 1374. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/9/1374.

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Abstract:

In contemporary society, the internet has become an integral aspect of daily life, alongside a concerning rise in internet addiction characterized by an overwhelming compulsion to engage with online activities. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent among the youth population in India, leading to various physical, mental, and emotional challenges. Despite its widespread impact, internet addiction has yet to be officially recognized as a disorder in diagnostic manuals like the DSM. A comprehensive meta-analysis spanning 80 studies across 31 countries revealed a global prevalence of internet addiction at 6%. In the Indian context, a study sponsored by the Indian Council of Medical Research surveyed 2,755 adults aged 18-65, identifying a prevalence rate of approximately 1.3%. Examining a sample of 303 adult participants in India, it was found that 33.3% exhibited signs of internet addiction, with 1.7% classified as severely addicted, 10.2% as moderately addicted, and 20.8% as mildly addicted. Notably, the majority of severely addicted individuals were in the 26-35 age group, while addiction rates were higher among males compared to females [1, 2]. Furthermore, analysis revealed a correlation between internet addiction and poor sleep quality, affecting 22.6% of addicted individuals, particularly males aged 18-25 and 26-35. These findings underscore the urgent need for further research and interventions to address the growing issue of internet addiction and its associated health impacts.

References:

Abstract:

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of insurance funds on human development index in Nigeria between 2012 and 2022. The design adopted for this study was ex-post-factor; data used for analysis were elicited from Central Bank Statistical Bulletin, World Bank Developmental Indicators Data base and National Insurance Commission Annual Reports. To achieve this objective, a model was formulated based on empirical and theoretical reviews. The model used human development index in Nigeria as the dependent variable, while life insurance funds, pension funds and deposit administration funds were the independent variables in the model. This study employed the Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) Model to analyze data.The findings elicited from this study revealed that life insurance funds and pension funds recorded significant positive effect on human development index, while deposit administration funds had a significant negative effect on human development index in Nigeria. From the inferential result, the researcher concluded that insurance funds have significant effect on human development index in Nigeria. From the foregoing, the researcher recommended that the National Insurance Commission, in conjunction with the government should efficiently work together to ensure that the premium collected, and the income generated by the industry through pension funds and life insurance are diversified into economic and productive investment, in order to boost human development in Nigeria.

References:

[1].   Takon, S. M., John, J. I., Mbaze-Ebock, V. A., Akpan, J. S., Asukwo, J. I., Awah, C. I. A., & Nkamare, S. E. (2020). The Dynamics of Inflation on Banks’ Profitability in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Ardl) Model. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7 (13), 4442 – 4448.

[2].   Nzotta, S. M. (2004). Money, Banking and Finance (Theory and practice). Owerri; Jude-Hudson Publishers limited.

[3].   Obim, E. N., John, J. I., & Orok, A. B. (2018). Interest Rate Policy and the Growth of the Nigerian Economy (1990 - 2016). Journal of Banking and Financial Dynamics, 16-23

[4].   Udoka, C. O. &, A. B. (2017). Assessment of the Enterprise Risk Management in the Nigeria Banking Industry. Asian Journal of Economic and Empirical Research, 4(2), 68-74.

[5].   Seyed, A. S., Farahnaz, R. G., Yaser, M., Omid, S., & Abass, A. (2010). Survey of Effective Factors on Adoption of Crop Insurance Among Farmers: A Case Study of Behbahan County, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5 (16), 2237-2242.

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Abstract:

The phenomenon of involuntary engagement with internet devices, accompanied by a sense of emptiness in their absence, characterizes internet addiction disorder. A comprehensive meta-analysis spanning 80 studies worldwide from 1996 to 2012, involving 89,281 participants across 31 countries, revealed a 6% prevalence of this disorder among young individuals globally. A separate study funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) investigated 2,755 participants aged 18-65 in India, finding a prevalence rate of 1.3% for internet addiction. Notably, this disorder has not yet been recognized as Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Numerous studies have examined the prevalence of internet addiction in the Indian population. This current study aimed to assess the prevalence, impact, and available treatment options for internet addiction among Indian adults. Utilizing a cross-sectional, close-ended online survey questionnaire distributed among the general public and experts, a total of 303 responses were collected. The findings revealed that 33.3% of Indian adults were addicted to the internet, with varying degrees of severity: severely (1.7%), moderately (10.2%), and mildly (20.8%) addicted. Notably, most severely addicted individuals (80%) fell within the 26-35 years age range. Male participants exhibited a higher prevalence of internet addiction compared to females (57.1% vs. 42.9%), with males also displaying a greater propensity for addiction (71.9% vs. 28.1%). Further analysis indicated that 11.2% of addicted individuals experienced symptoms of anxiety and/or depression, with males affected at a rate 50% higher than females.

References:

Abstract:

The aim of this review is to explore the learning outcome and understanding how the adaptive study design helps in current scenario of drug development in various therapeutic areas compared to traditional randomized clinical trials with respect to Dose Finding, identification of Maximum tolerated dose (MTD), fewer subjects, short duration, increases success rate of study objective, yields better knowledge of treatment effect like better estimates of sub-group effects or dose-response relationship. One of the major advantage of this study design is that potential changes are approved prior hand by regulatory authorities and ethics committee, hence there is no need to submit the protocol amendment and also logistics for the change in treatment is also planned upfront and researchers are given full flexibility to respond towards unexpected events and there are several options proposed upfront to introduce any new doses, amend endpoints. The conclusion is that the use of Adaptive designs appears to be increasing in certain diseases and in some of the diseases it is still underutilised. FDA and other regulators, researchers are still exploring how and the extent to which they may be incorporated into the evaluation of experimental therapies bearing in mind that focus will be mainly in feasibility, validity, flexibility, integrity and efficiency. As the new regulatory guideline are already established, future investigations of adaptive designs could examine ongoing dynamics in trials and based on this project, there are some suggestions to be given to the researchers to include the adaptive design or methodology to be indicated in the study title which certainly helps to retrieve the data easily.

References:

[1] Friedman FL, Furberg CD, DeMets DL.2010, Fundamentals of clinical trials, New York: Springer;  4th ed.

[2] Shih WJ. 2006, Plan to be flexible: a commentary on adaptive designs. Biometrical J.; 48:656–9.

[3] Berry Consultants 2016. What is adaptive design?. http://www.berryconsultants.com/adaptive-designs. Accessed 7 Jul 2017.

[4] Campbell G. 2013, Similarities and differences of Bayesian designs and adaptive designs for medical devices: a regulatory view. Stat Biopharm Res.; 5:356–68.

[5]  Chow SC, Chang M, Pong A. 2005, Statistical consideration of adaptive methods in clinical development. J Biopharm Stat.; 15:575–91.

[6] Fleming TR, Sharples K, McCall J, Moore A, Rodgers A, Stewart R. 2008, Maintaining confidentiality of interim data to enhance trial integrity and credibility. Clin Trials.; 5:157–67.

[7] Bauer P, Koenig F, Brannath W, Posch M. 2010, Selection and bias—two hostile brothers. Stat Med.; 29:1–13.

[8] Posch M, Maurer W, Bretz F. 2011, Type I error rate control in adaptive designs for confirmatory clinical trials with treatment selection at interim. Pharm Stat.; 10:96–104.

[9] Graf AC, Bauer P. 2011, Maximum inflation of the type 1 error rate when sample size and allocation rate are adapted in a pre-planned interim look. Stat Med.; 30:1637–47.

[10] Graf AC, Bauer P, Glimm E, Koenig F. 2014, Maximum type 1 error rate inflation in multiarmed clinical trials with adaptive interim sample size modifications. Biometrical J.; 56:614–30.

[11] Deepak L,  Cyrus Mehta.2016 Adaptive Designs for Clinical Trials. J Med 375:65-74.

[12] Kristian  T , Jonas H , Jay J,  Edward J Mills. 2018, Key design considerations for adaptive clinical trials: a primer for clinicians. BMJ 2018;360:k698.

[13] Rajiv Mahajan, Kapil Gupta. 2010, Adaptive design clinical trials: Methodology, challenges and prospect. Indian J Pharmacol.; 42(4): 201–207

Abstract:

This article analyses the factors that affect the adoption of technology by rural women in the Umguza district of Zimbabwe. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model, provides the theoretical framework for understanding the factors that influence rural women’s adoption of technology. By situating the investigation within the UTAUT2 framework, the study seeks to offer a more refined understanding of the determinants affecting technology adoption among rural women and the implications for inclusivity. A deductive approach was used, and information was collected through a survey of 250 rural women in the 19 wards of Umguza district, as well as reviewing secondary data in the form of government, non-governmental, industry reports and scholarly articles. Regression analysis was used to draw insights into the factors influencing the adoption of technology by rural women. The study concluded that Performance Expectancy (PE), Facilitating conditions (FC), Social Influence (SI) and Effort Expectancy (EE) influence technology adoption by rural women in Zimbabwe. However, Hedonic Motivation (HM), Price Value (PV) and Habit (HT) were found not to influence the decision to adopt the technology. The results of this study help to shed light on the factors affecting technology adoption among rural women and map strategies to promote technology adoption. The recommendations from this study can provide insights to government, private sector, and civil society seeking to promote the adoption of technology by rural women and contribute to the body of research on digitalisation and adoption of technology by rural women.

References: