Abstract:

A cross sectional study was carried out to assess mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as a diagnostic marker of diabetic nephropathy in 122 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 61 non-diabetic participants at Kabwe Mine Hospital (KMH) in Zambia. A Structured questionnaire was used to capture age, sex, history of blood transfusion and cancer status of the participants. Urea, creatinine and urine albumin concentrations were measured and MCV determined. Renal profile tests (creatinine, urea and urine albumin) were used as a proxy marker for diabetic nephropathy in the patients. Patients with high renal profile tests (urea > 8.5 mmol/l, creatinine > 120µmol/l, urine albumin > 30mg/l) were considered to have diabetic nephropathy. The results revealed that creatinine concentration in the patients (750+4.0 µmol/l) was significantly higher (P=0.003) than in the control group (250+2.1 µmol/l). Similarly, the urea concentration in the patients (4.2+2.4 mmol/l) was significantly higher (P=0.002) than in the control group. However, the urine albumin concentration was similar (P=0.168) in the two groups. With regard to MCV, it was found to be higher (P=0.001) in the patients (150+7.0 fl) than in the control group (85+7.0 fl). MCV was found to have sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 96%, PPV 97%, NPV 91% and efficiency of 94% which were significant parameters to warrant the inclusion of MCV as one of the diagnostic markers of diabetic nephropathy. It is concluded that MCV is a reliable and suitable biomarker for detecting diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus, renal profile, mean corpuscular volume.

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