A Qualitative Study of One Health Implementation at the State Level in Nigeria
Abstract:
The
One Health approach recognizes that the health of humans, animals, and the
ecosystem are related, and vital in conducting event-based surveillance for
public health events. Nigeria arguably
tops the charts for one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa with the most
endemic diseases. This is due to increased poverty and the slow development of
its health system. The practice of One Health was good. However, some factors
that affect the implementation of One Health at the state level include low
political will, weak functional status of the governance structure, limited
funding, inadequate skilled human resources and capacity-building initiatives,
and lack of cooperation. Although Nigeria is one of the first countries to
adopt the One-Health approach, there has not been any review to document the
extent of its implementation. This paper sought to assess the implementation of
the One Health approach at the state level in Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling
technique was applied for an institutional-based qualitative study, involving
interviews with key actors at the state level. Six states were selected, one
from each geopolitical zone. A key informant interview guide was used to obtain
responses focusing on governance structure readiness, practice, and factors
influencing One Health implementation in Nigeria. The inductive analysis
technique was used to analyse generated data, and the findings were reported in
themes. Key findings from this study
indicated that the key actors had a good understanding of One Health, its
benefits, and objectives, but insufficient knowledge of its policies and laws.
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