Effectiveness of School-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) in Reducing Adolescent Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review
Abstract:
Adolescent depression and anxiety are major global public health concerns, often intensified by academic stress and social pressures. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has proven effective in managing these conditions. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of school-based CBT in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents. A comprehensive search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2024. Eligible studies involved adolescents aged 12–18 who received school-based CBT interventions assessed using validated outcome measures. Following PRISMA guidelines, 25 studies were included—comprising randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. Data were synthesized narratively, with effect sizes reported where available. School-based CBT significantly reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety, with moderate-to-large effect sizes (e.g., d = 0.65 for depression). Effective programs typically lasted 12 weeks or more, included 45–60-minute sessions, and were delivered by trained mental health professionals. Both group and blended formats (in-person and digital) were found to be as effective as individual therapy. Long-term outcomes included improved emotional regulation, academic performance, and peer relationships. School-based CBT offers a scalable, accessible solution for addressing adolescent mental health in educational settings. It empowers students with coping strategies, reduces emotional distress, and promotes academic and social success. Policymakers and education stakeholders should prioritize integrating CBT into school systems through trained personnel, funding support, and culturally sensitive adaptations.
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