How Trust in NAFDAC and NPHCDA Predicts Vaccine Confidence and Uptake in Nigeria
Abstract:
This study examines how trust in two institutions, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) predicts vaccine confidence and uptake in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 289 adults across Nigeria assessed trust in NAFDAC’s vaccine regulatory competence and NPHCDA’s immunization program management, alongside measures of vaccine confidence and self-reported vaccination behaviors. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and logistic regression to evaluate associations between trust levels and vaccine-related attitudes and behaviors. Results: Approximately 65% of respondents expressed trust (agree/strongly agree) in NAFDAC and NPHCDA, while 10–14% expressed distrust. Higher trust in these agencies was significantly associated with greater confidence in vaccines and higher vaccination uptake. For instance, among those who strongly trusted NAFDAC, 62.5% had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, compared to only ~35% of those neutral or distrusting. Trust in NAFDAC/NPHCDA showed positive correlations with believing vaccines are beneficial (Spearman ρ≈0.3, p<0.001) and with routine compliance to immunizations (p<0.01). Logistic regression confirmed that trust in NAFDAC and NPHCDA were independent predictors of COVID-19 vaccination status (adjusted OR>2 for high vs low trust, p<0.01). Conclusion: Trust in Nigeria’s vaccine regulatory and delivery agencies is a critical determinant of vaccine confidence and uptake. Efforts to improve public trust – through transparency, community engagement, and consistent performance – could significantly enhance vaccine acceptance in Nigeria. This study underscores the need for sustained investment in building credibility of health institutions as a strategy to combat vaccine hesitancy.
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