The Process, Structure and Contribution of Work-Based Learning (WBL) to Nursing or Health

Download Article

DOI: 10.21522/TIJNR.2015.SE.21.01.Art002

Authors : Elizabeth Namukombe Ekong

Abstract:

Background: Nurses and midwives’ contribution to the health workforce is commended globally. Continuous professional guidelines for nurses and midwives are in place to enhance life-long learning. However, literature on Work-Based Learning in healthcare settings is limited. It is important to document evidence on how nurses learn at their places of work to strengthen life-long learning.

Aim: To identify existing evidence on the process, structure and contribution of WBL to nursing or health care outcomes.

Design: we used scoping review approach.

Data sources: EBSCOhost, Wiley Online University, and Science Direct. Google was used as a general search engine.

Review Methods: Screening was by reading abstracts and full texts. Contextualization and thematic analysis were employed. The John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice appraisal tools were used to determine the level and quality of evidence.

Results: A total of 14 articles were reviewed. Identifying the problem, assessing the environment, having a learning action plan and documentation are key steps for WBL. A positive workplace culture, collaboration between the learner, organization, regulation and education institutions in addition to learning resources make a strong structure for WBL. Individual and institutional growth and visibility that contribute to improved quality of care are outcomes of WBL.

Conclusion: The literature reviewed suggests that nurses ought to engage in a step wise process for effective WBL. Efficient collaboration between the learner, workplace, education and regulatory institutions are needed to support WBL. WBL plays an important role in improving nursing and health care outcomes.

References:

[1] ACHA. (2018). Ecological Model . Retrieved from https://www.acha.org/HealthCampus/HealthCmpus/Ecological_Model.aspx

[2] Alam, A. (2015). Work Based Learning pedagogy in the Cross Disciplinary Fields of Health and Education. 5(1), 105–116.

[3] Bäck, L., Hildingsson, I., Sjöqvist, C., & Karlström, A. (2017). Developing competence and confidence in midwifery-focus groups with Swedish midwives. Women and Birth, 30(1), e32–e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2016.08.004

[4] Bae, S., & Fabry, D. (2014). Assessing the relationships between nurse work hours / overtime and nurse and patient outcomes : systematic literature review . Nursing Outlook, 62(2), 138–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2013.10.009

[5] Bakari Salehe, D. N. (2016). Good quality interaction between the registered nurse and the patient. 48.

[6] Booth, J. (2019). How does participant experience of work-based learning shape a professional identity? Work Based Learning E-Journal, 8(1), 20–38.

[7] Burholt, R., Buckingham, T., Roche, M., Nixon, E., & Simmons, S. (2016). Developing nursing practice through Work Based Learning.

[8] Cameron, S., Rutherford, I., & Mountain, K. (2012). Debating the use of work-based learning and interprofessional education in promoting collaborative practice in primary care: a discussion paper Ishbel Rutherford MSc BSc RN RM DNcert DNT Senior Lecturer. Quality in Primary Care, 20, 211–217.

[9] Chakkaravarthy, K., Ibrahim, N., & Mahmud, M. (2018). Nurse Education Today Predictors for nurses and midwives ’ readiness towards self-directed learning : An integrated review. Nurse Education Today, 69(February), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.06.030

[10] Clarke, D., & Llewellynn, A. (2012). Examining the efficacy of a work-based learning project: Preparing new academics to teach in higher education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 13(3), 147–158.

[11] Faithfull-byrne, A., Thompson, L., Schafer, K. W., Elks, M., Jaspers, J., Welch, A., … Moss, C. (2017). Clinical coaches in nursing and midwifery practice : Facilitating point of care workplace learning and development. Collegian, 24(4), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2016.06.001

[12] Ferrández-Berrueco, R., Kekale, T., & Devins, D. (2016). A framework for work-based learning: Basic pillars and the interactions between them. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-06-2014-0026

[13] Gibson, C., Hardy, J. H., & Buckley, M. R. (2014). Understanding the role of networking in organizations. Career Development International, 19(2), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-09-2013-0111

[14] Juneja, P. (2015). Importance of Organization Culture. Retrieved from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/importance-of-organization-culture.htm

[15] Lowden, K., Hall, S., Elliot, D., & Lewin, J. (2011). Employers’ perceptions of the employability skills of new graduates. In The SCRE Centre Research In Education. https://doi.org/ISBN 978-0-9565604-3-8

[16] Manley, K., Sanders, K., Cardiff, S., & Webster, J. (2011). Effective workplace culture: the attributes, enabling factors and consequences of a new concept. International Practice Development Journal, 1(2).

[17] Mari-Hall (Nevala), A; Ulicna, D. & D. (2013). WORK-BASED LEARNING : BENEFITS AND OBSTACLES. ETF.

[18] Mari-Hall, A., Ulicna, D., & Duchemin, C. (2013). Work Based Learning: Benefits and Obstacles - A Literature Review For Policy Makers And Social Partners In ETF Partner Countries. European Training Foundation, 1–45.

[19] Marshall, J. E. (2017). Developing midwifery practice through work-based learning : An exploratory study. (June 2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2012.06.003

[20] Matovu Joseph K B, Wanyenze Rhoda K, Mawemuko Susan, Okui Olico, Bazeyo William, and S. D. (2013). Strengthening health workforce capacity through work-based training. BMC International Health & Human Rights, 13(8), 2–13. https://doi.org/10.3109/13625189809167254

[21] Mcdonald, G., Jackson, D., Wilkes, L., & Vickers, M. H. (2013a). Personal resilience in nurses and midwives: Effects of a work-based educational intervention. Contemporary Nurse, 45(1), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2013.45.1.134

[22] Mcdonald, G., Jackson, D., Wilkes, L., & Vickers, M. H. (2013b). Personal resilience in nurses and midwives: Effects of a work-based educational intervention. Contemporary Nurse, 45(1), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2013.45.1.134

[23] Nacioglu, A. (2016). As a critical behavior to improve quality and patient safety in health care: speaking up! Safety in Health, 2(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40886-016-0021-x

[24] NHS Providers. (2015). Right place, right time. Better transfers of care: a call to action. 44. Retrieved from http://nhsproviders.org/media/1258/nhsp-right-place-lr.pdf

[25] Okereke, E., Tukur, J., Aminu, A., Butera, J., Mohammed, B., Tanko, M., … Egboh, M. (2015). An innovation for improving maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) service delivery in jigawa state, northern Nigeria: A qualitative study of stakeholders’ perceptions about clinical mentoring. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0724-4

[26] Raelin, A. J. (2015). A Model of Work-Based Learning. ResearchGate, (June). https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.8.6.563

[27] Salehe, B., & Doreen, N. (2016). QHNMSDF - Building Blocks of Lifelong Learning – A framework for nurses and midwives in Queensland. (September).

[28] Shirazi, F., Sharif, F., Molazem, Z., & Alborzi, M. (2017). Dynamics of self-directed learning in M.Sc. nursing students: A qualitative research. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 5(1), 33–41. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28124019%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC5238494

[29] Sitikovs, V., Anohina-Naumeca, A., & Petrovica, S. (2013). Tripartite view on Work-based Learning in Latvia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1552–1561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.081

[30] Williams, C. (2010a). Understanding the essential elements of work-based learning and its relevance to everyday clinical practice. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(6), 624–632. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01141.x

[31] Williams, C. (2010b). Understanding the essential elements of work-based learning and its relevance to everyday nursing practice. In Journal of nursing management (Vol. 18). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01141.x

Wright, W., McDowell, J. R. S., Leese, G., & McHardy, K. C. (2010). A scoping exercise of work-based learning and assessment in multi-disciplinary health care in Scotland. Journal of Practice Teaching and Learning, 10(2), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1921/174661110X592737