Abstract:

The number of men in nursing has remained low despite the many benefits and opportunities associated with the profession. Currently, males make up only 6.6% of the three million nursing professionals in the United States. The study assessed the knowledge and perception of secondary school students towards nursing as a career choice for men in selected Local Government of Lagos State, Nigeria. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out on 293 respondents. A multi staged sample technique was used to select study participants. Results revealed that majority of respondents (91.4%) knew nursing as a profession and 88.9% knew that a legal certificate was required to practice nursing, Respondents generally demonstrated a good knowledge of Nursing. There was also a general positive perception towards Nursing as a career (93%). Even thou there was a positive perception towards nursing as a career choice for men generally (53%), half (50.2%) of the students in this study disagreed that nursing was a career choice for female only. Thirty-seven (37%) percent of the students stated that nursing was not a masculine type of career for males to pursue. Also, 65.6% of respondents agreed that nursing was more appropriate for females because they are more caring. There is a need for secondary school students to be aware of what nursing as a profession entails and that gender is not a determining factor of being a better nurse.

Keywords: knowledge, Perception, Nursing, career choice, men.

References:

[1]. Bartfay, W., Bartfay, E., Chow, K., & Wu, T. (2010). Attitudes and perceptions towards men in nursing education. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practices, 8(2): 1-7.

[2]. Barbara, A. C. (2011).Are you man enough to be a nurse? The road less traveled. Iowa state university.

[3]. Dyck, J., Oliffe, J., Phinney, A., & Garrett, B. (2009).Nursing instructors’ and male nursing students’ perceptions of undergraduate, classroom nursing Education., Nursing Education Today, 29, 649-653.

[4]. Haigh, M. (2015).Men in Nursing: A quantitative study from the perspective of west Australian nursing student, The University of Western Australia.

[5]. Hodes, B. (2005). Men in nursing study. Retrieved September, 2015 from http://aamn.org/docs/meninnursing2005survey.pdf.

[6]. Kiwanuka, A. (2009). Image of nursing profession as viewed by secondary school students in Ilala district, Dar es Salaam. The Dar-es-salaam Medical Students’ Journal.

[7]. Oregon Health Authority. (2011). Oregon health professions: Occupation and county profiles. For Oregon Health Policy and Research.

[8]. Ogunyewo, O. A., Afemikhe, J. A., Ajio, D. K., & Qlanlesi-Aliu, A. (2014) Adolescents’ perception of career choice of nursing among selected schools in Jos, Nigeria. International Journal of Nursing and midwifery,7(2): 21-29.

[9]. O’ Lynn, C. E. (2013).A Man’s guide to a nursing career. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

[10].  Price, S., McGill, HLA., & Peter, E. (2013), choosing nursing as a career: A narrative analysis of millennial nurses’ career choice. Nursing Inquiry 20(4):305-316.

[11].  Sherrod, B., Sherrod, D., & Rasch, R. (2005). Men at Work. Nursing Management, 36(10): 46-51.

[12].  Timothy, B. C. (2013). Gender equity in nursing education: student perception and impact on the educational experience. Indiana University of Pennsylvania.

[13].  Toossi, M. (2005). Employment outlook 2004–2013: Labor force projections to 2014: Retiring boomers. Monthly Labor Review, November, 2005, 26–44. Retrieved (December, 2015) from http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2005/11/art3full.pdf.

[14].  United States Department of Health and Human Resources: Health Resources and Services Administration (2010). Registered nurse population: Initial findings from the 2008 national sample survey of registered nurses. Retrieved (November, 2015) from http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/rnsurvey/initialfindings2008.pdf.

Abstract:

Introduction: The advent of antiretroviral therapy has turned Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection into a manageable chronic condition. Maintaining ART adherence above 95% remains the benchmark for effective viral suppression. An evaluation of adherence to ART by pill count at Rimuka Integrated HIV and TB site revealed an adherence rate of 65%. We investigated factors associated with ART adherence among clients seeking care at the same facility.

Method: This study design was a cross sectional study. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. We captured and analysed the data using Epi Info 7^TM statistical package. The package was used to generate, frequencies, means, and odds ratios. The strength of the association was described using odds ratios and 95% confidence interval.

Results: We recruited 553 respondents. Three hundred and ninety-seven (71.79%) were females. and 156 (28.21%) were males. Eighty eight percent of the respondents had adherence rate above 95% by a composite measure. The proportion of clients taking drug holidays was low at 3.7%. In multivariate analysis, being gainfully employed aOR=1.8; getting individual health education on review visits aOR=1.5; missing ART in 4 weeks preceding the study aOR= 0.46 and being catholic aOR=0.5 remained significant factors in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion: Being gainfully employed, getting individual health education are predicators of ART adherence using a composite scale. Being catholic and reporting missing any dose of ART in the previous 4 weeks were predictors of non-adherence using a composite scale. Individual health education and increasing incomes among those on ART was recommended for improved adherence.

Keywords: Adherence, ART, HIV, Kadoma.

References:

[1].     AyaluA. Reda1 and Sibhatu Biadgilign2 Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Patients in Africa: AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2012, Article ID 574656, doi:10.1155/2012/574656

[2].     Anant Gokarn, Meenakshi Gangadhar Narkhede, Geeta Shrikar Pardeshi, Mohan Kondiba Doibale Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy JAPI • DECEMBER 2012 VOL. 60

[3].     Chirundu D, Tapesana S. Magande P.N. Madzingaidzo G. Mduluza T. Does Shot Message Reminders Improve ART Adherence? Randomised Control Trial among HIV Clients Kadoma Zimbabwe KAMPS STUDY Protocol Texila International Journal of Clinical Research, Volume 4, Issue 1, Jun 2017

[4].     Chesney MA, Ickovics JR, Chambers DB, Gifford AL, Neidig J, Zwickl B, Wu AW. Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications among participants in HIV clinical trials: the AACTG adherence instruments. Patient Care Committee & Adherence Working Group of the Outcomes Committee of the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG). AIDS Care. 2000 Jun; 12(3):255-66.

[5].     Eliud Wekesa: ART adherence in resource poor settings in sub-Saharan Africa: a multidisciplinary review;

[6].     Garcia et al (2003) An Adherence Trilogy is Essential for Long Term HAART Success: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2003; 7(5):307-314.).

[7].     Garcia et, al. An Adherence Trilogy is Essential for Long Term HAART Success: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2003; 7(5):307-314.).

[8].     Gloria Nkomo: A Study to Explore factors that Influence Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV and AIDS Adult Patients Attending Antiretroviral Clinic at Beatrice Infectious Disease Hospital Harare Zimbabwe.: University of South Africa 2014).

[9].     H. Liu, C. E. Golin, L. G. Miller et al., “A comparison study of multiple measures of adherence to HIV protease inhibitors,” Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 134, no. 10, pp. 968–977, 2001.

[10].  Harriet Okatch: Apparent Antiretroviral Over adherence by Pill Count is associated with HIV Treatment Failure in Adolescents: J. Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016:542-545.

[11].  Jeannie K Lee Karen A Grace Terri G Foster Monica J Crawley Goldina I Erowele Hazel J Sun Phuong T Turner Lance E Sullenberger Allen J Taylor; How should we measure medication adherence in clinical trials and practice? Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2007:3(4) 685–690.

[12].  Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Lehana Thabane, Pierre Ongolo-Zogo, David Yondo, Stephen Noorduyn, Marek Smieja, and Lisa Dolovich: Trends and determining factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon: a systematic review and analysis of the CAMPS trial, AIDS Research and Therapy 2012, 9:37.

[13].  Low-Beer S, Yip B, O’Shaughnessy MV, Hogg RS, Montaner JS. Adherence to triple therapy and viral load response, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2000, vol. 23 (pg. 360-1).

[14].  Muringazuva, Caroline (2015) Factors associated with Adherence to Anti-retroviral therapy among HIV clients, Kadoma city, Zimbabwe 2015. Research Council of Zimbabwe.

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[40].  Ziad El-Khatib, Anna Mia Ekstrom, Ashraf Coovadia, Elaine J Abrams, Max Petzold, David Katzenstein, Lynn Morris and Louise Kuhn; Adherence and virologic suppression during the first 24 weeks on antiretroviral therapy among women in Johannesburg, South Africa - a prospective cohort study: MC Public Health 201111:88.

Abstract:

The study assessed the effect of nursing intervention on the utilization of antenatal care services (ANCS) in Ogun state, Nigeria. A total of 75 pregnant women registered for antenatal care in 4 primary health care centers were selected using the total enumeration procedure. The women were further stratified into control (40) and experimental (35) groups. Structured questionnaire was used to gather data which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. All analyses were measured at p≤0.05. Results showed that most of the women were between 20 and 30 years old, had up to secondary education, were in their third trimester and had made below 2 antenatal visits to the healthcare centers. Most of the women have had up to 3 children. Monthly income was generally less than N20, 000 (<$56). At baseline, the antenatal appointments were generally very poor. Parameters related to antenatal care such as checking of blood pressure, weight monitoring, malaria test and HIV counseling and testing also had low scores (<70%). However, at post-intervention, there were apparent improvements in the measured parameters in the experimental group (94%); whereas there were no changes in the control group. The overall utilization mean for the experimental group (baseline = 67%; end line = 97%) indicated that there was a considerable increase in the utilization of ANCS by pregnant women after exposure to intervention. The regression result affirmed that respondents’ participation in the intervention was significant with a positive sign at p = 0.009. This implies that, exposure of pregnant women to educational intervention will significantly increase the probability of their utilization of ANCS. The study recommends among others, that, more attention should be given to antenatal education in the study area and Nigeria at large.

Keywords: Antenatal Care Services, utilization, healthcare, pregnant women, intervention, Nigeria.

References:

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[3].     Adeniji, F., & Erhabor, S. (2015) Assessment of quality of antenatal care services in Nigeria: evidence from population-based survey. Reproductive Health Journal.

[4].     Agbede CO, Omeonu PE and Kio JO (2015). Influence of clinic-based health education on pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes in relation to pregnancy management: Evidence from Ogun state, Nigeria Global J. of Medical Research: Gynecology and Obstetrics, 15 (1):28-34.

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[6].     Babalola, D A, Olarewaju M, Omeonu PE, Adefelu A O &Okeowo, R (2013). Assessing the adoption of Roll Back Malaria Programme (RBMP) among women farmers in Ikorodu Local government area of Lagos state. Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Science. SENRA Academic Publishers, British Columbia. 7(2): 2375-2379.

[7].     Babalola, S &Fatusi A. (2009) Determinants of use of maternal health services in Nigeria looking beyond individual and household factors. http://www.biomedcentral.com1471-2393/9/43.

[8].     Dahiru, T., & Oche, O. (2015). Determinant of antenatal care, institutional delivery and postnatal care services utilization in Nigeria. The Pan African Medical Journal.

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Abstract:

This study was conducted to ascertain the gravity of family issues on frequency of female mental illness in Federal Psychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Five research questions were raised and one hypothesis formulated to direct the course of the study. Related literatures with Biopsychosocial model constructed by Engel, (2016) was used as a study framework. A descriptive survey design was employed and simple random sample technique was used to select the study’s participants. Data was collected using a structures questionnaire titled “Questionnaires on Family Issues and Frequency of Female Mental Illness” and analyzed with SPSS version 20.

The analysed data were presented in frequency tables and simple percentages. The research hypothesis was tested using a confirmatory factor analysis based on Kaiser’s criterion (a rule of thumb) in conjunction with the scree test with a cut-off value of 0.32 for factor loadings. Findings revealed that all variables contributed to female mental illness but family pressure had very significant contribution due to pressures in aspect of childbirth, pressures from in-laws, family and societal beliefs, inability for a woman to give birth to different sex of children, inability of the spouse to provide adequate support to the family, cancellation of marital engagement and refusal by husband’s family to accept a lady as their daughter in-law. Based on these findings, the researcher recommended that women should be fully accepted, treated with values, supported and protected with laws to avoid discrimination and stigmatization.

Keywords: Family issues, Mental illness, Frequency, Marital status, Substance abuse, Family mental history.

References:

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in empathy during an academic year among undergraduate nursing students. The research followed a descriptive methodology with a sample of 214 undergraduate nursing students who completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy at the beginning and at the end of 2006-2007 academic year. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Results showed a statistically significant decline of empathy for nursing students who were exposed more than others to patient encounters during study period (F (2, 211) = 4.2, p< 0.01). Findings were consistent with those found among medical students in that nursing students' encounters with patients, though not very clear on those who had less encounters with clients. The authors suggested that changes to the modalities of teaching may be contributing a disconnect in human connections, due to an emphasis on self-directed and simulated learning experiences. Further studies to identify whether findings of the research impacted on patient outcomes and nurse-students were recommended.

Keywords: Empathy enigma, clinical experience, nurse-patient relationship, nursing students.

References:

[1]. Brett, W., Ted, B., Boyle, M., McKenna, L., Palermo, C., Etherington, J. (2014). Levels of empathy in undergraduate emergency health, nursing, and midwifery students: a longitudinal study. Advances in Medical Education and Practice 5, pp. 299-306.

[2]. Brunero, S., Lamont, S., Coates, M. (2010). A review of empathy education in nursing. Nursing Inquiry 17, pp. 65-74.

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