Abstract:

The Metro Police Services has a reputation for being resilient despite the amount of trauma they are exposed to. Research has shown that this occupation is one of the most stressful around the world. However, research surrounding the Metro Police Services suggests that police work is one of society’s most stressful occupations. The way in which individuals respond to such traumatisation’s’ is dependent on numerous factors, two being personality and coping. In so far, this study investigated three main areas around metro police. In order to understand their responses to trauma: whether personality factors were related to post-traumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) in the Metro Police population; whether coping moderated the relationship between personality factors and PTSS; whether a personality factor predict coping style.

A quantitative analysis was conducted among a sample of 36 officers in the Ekurhuleni area of South Africa. This study found that the relationship between Neuroticism and PTSS is mediated by coping, specifically Emotion-Focused and Dysfunctional Coping style. A relationship between Conscientiousness and PTSS showed to be prevalent, however, this is not due to the mediation effect of coping. Furthermore, Neuroticism and Extraversion showed to predict coping style. Specially, Neuroticism showed to affect EFC and DC and Extraversion showed to affect EFC. The descriptive statistics showed that this sample of Metro Police is suffering from PTSD. Implications of these findings are discussed and directions for future research are explored.

Keywords: Personality, Coping, Trauma, Metro Police, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Risk factors.

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Abstract:

Background: Domestic Violence refers to violence emanating from the household and within relationships defined by familial or emotional (former or present) attachment. It is the most common form of violence against women and affects women across the life span, from sex-selective abortion of female fetuses to forced suicide and abuse of older women. Domestic violence is evident to some degree in every society in the world. The main objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and consequences of domestic violence among married women. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Zage from December, 2018 to February, 2019. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Result: From 300 respondents 45% were physically abused, among these hand and leg accounts for 65.3% and 7% had ever been harmed with sharp materials. Of all the participants 35% were sexually abused, among these 61.7% had sexual intercourse against their will two to five times per year. In this study the prevalence of psychological abuse was 95%. The study noted that nearly three in four women were experienced at least one incident of domestic violence in their lifetime. Conclusion: Alarmingly, more than three quarter of women who experienced any physical violence had severe acts that could threaten them in their lifetime. This needs an urgent attention at all levels of societal hierarchy including policymakers, stakeholders and professionals to alleviate the situation.

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Abstract:

Fishing in the sea is one of the high-risk occupations due to the long hours of work in the harsh and unpredictable weather of cold, heat, wet and windy, and the difficulty of reaching the shore when emergencies arise. Recent cyclone Ockhi in December 2017 killed more than 500 fishermen in the South Indian Sea and created havoc in their lives of many fishing families; however, every day thousands of fishermen go to the sea for their livelihood, risking their lives and placing their families at risk. In view of this, the objective of this ethnographic study was to explore the lifestyle of the deep-sea fishermen in terms of their existential struggles and the cause of their poverty. Specifically, the study focused on the perennial poverty and the existential worldview of the people mainly: realities of life struggles, meaning of life and death situations, examination of their work culture, customs and rituals, the patterns of thinking and ideas, beliefs, behaviour and knowledge. The study concludes some unique existential worldview, unconventional concepts of life and death and their preference for economic needs over survival and safety needs as defining factors of many of their life struggles. It was also identified that it is not the earnings, but poor budgeting that perpetuates them in poverty. The negligence of government’s labour wellbeing measures makes them one of the poorly organized workforces in India.

Keywords: Fishermen Problems, Existential Worldview, High-risk Occupation, Fishing and Economy.

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Abstract:

Despite established limitations in Cognitive-Behavioral Marital Therapy (CBMT)in counseling clients with emotional instabilities, CBMT remains the most popular model of marital theyapy in Ghana. This quantitative study intended to ascertain the impact of Cognitive-Behavioral Marital Therapy (CBMT) on marital distresses among married couples in Ghana. The study followed a descriptive-correlational-experimental design. 50 participants selected by means of a proportionate stratified random sampling technique completed adapted versions of the Session Process and Outcome Measures-Client version (SPOM-C) and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) questionnaires both before and after therapy. With the aid of the Predictive Analytics Software (PASW) 18 guide to Data Analysis, disparity mean values among the sample were analyzed. Data on the levels of marital distress were analyzed by descriptive frequencies. The paired t-test technique was used to analyze disparity mean values within the sample. Pearson correlation coefficient analyzed correlation between CBMT therapy outcome and the level of marital distress reported by participants. The study found that CBMT had a significant effect on participants who reported severe marital distress. This implies that CBMT is effective in treating clients who report severe marital distresses than those who report moderate or mild marital distresses in Ghana.

Keywords: Cognitive-Behavioral Marital Therapy (CBMT), Marital Distress, Married Couples, Marriage and Family Counseling, Marital Therapy.

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