Consumption of Food Groups During Pregnancy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Attending Public Hospitals in Gambella Town, Southwest Ethiopia
Abstract:
Diets with limited food groups during pregnancy remain a significant predictor of maternal anemia, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), preterm delivery (PTD), and low birth weight (LBW). Unbalanced dietary practices remain persistent in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to compare the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes between pregnant women who consumed and did not consume specific food groups among women attending public hospitals in Gambella Town, Southwest Ethiopia. An institution-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 254 pregnant women enrolled and followed from July 25, 2024, to March 10, 2025, at public hospitals. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer. Food group consumption was assessed twice using a 24-hour dietary recall. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Of the 254 enrolled women, 232 completed the follow-up (response rate: 91.3%). Lack of consumption of the other vitamin A-rich vegetables, fruit, roots, and tubers was significantly associated with a higher risk of low maternal hemoglobin (ARR = 1.959; 95% CI = 1.073–3.575, P = 0.006). However, HDP, PTD, and LBW were not associated with the consumption of any food groups. Lack of consumption of other vitamin A-rich vegetables, fruits, roots, and tubers was associated with a higher risk of low maternal hemoglobin. Improving antenatal nutrition counseling and education on consuming a variety of food groups, as well as addressing the social determinants that affect intake of food groups, is essential for enhancing pregnancy outcomes.References:
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