Abstract:

The study examined the challenges of introducing modern technology to facilitate the traditional Kente weaving business of Ghana. Amongst its objectives were ascertaining the weaknesses associated with introducing the technology by identifying the threats emanating from infusing modern technology into the industry. The importance of the study lies in the fact that the findings and recommendations will not only go a very long way to enrich the body of knowledge on the subject of Kente weaving business in Ghana, but will also help make the cottage industry more attractive to the youth and uplift the living standards of the Kente weavers. Challenges associated with the initiative had to do with the fact that most of the weavers are old and illiterates so a lot of work has to be done in coaching them to come on board with the new technology. It is unlikely that the existing weavers would be able to fund the equipments needed for a smooth integration of technology into the weaving of Kente.

Keywords: Technology management, Innovation, Kente weaving, traditional, Challenges, weaknesses.

References:

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Abstract:

Diarrhoea has been and is still one of the highest threats to the lives of children below five years. According to millennium development goal, the fourth goal aims at reducing child mortality and morbidity to 2/3 from 1990 to 2015. Diarrhea remains the second leading cause of death among children under five years globally [Adimoraet al (2011)]. Nearly one in five child deaths, about 1.5 million each year, are due to diarrhea [Ansari et al (2011)]. Northern Cameroon estimated approximately 18500 diarrhoea episodes and 3696 RVA-associated child mortality occurred in Cameroon annually (Parasharet al, 2003). Many children under five who come to that hospital suffer from diarrhea they have been a steady rise ain the prevalence of diarrhoea among children under five in Cameroon and word (WHO 2004). Therefore, this study aims at assessing the knowledge and practices of mothers on home management of diarrhea in under five.

The descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the knowledge, and practices of the mother in the home management of diarrhea. Targets were mothers in home management of diarrhea in children (0-5 years) who came in IWC, ANC units at the Nkwen Medicalised Health Center within the period of study. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire, Microsoft Excel 2010 was used for analysis and data presented on tables, pie charts, histograms and Bar charts.

The current study revealed that mothers have inadequate knowledge on home management of diarrhoea 90(60%). They had negative practices towards the home management of diarrhoea and the use of ORS/zinc tablets as recommended by WHO was very low (29%) as compared to the use of drugs and traditional medicine. According to USAID and Experts worldwide (2002), success in the reduction of deaths and illnesses due to diarrhoea in childhood depends on the acceptance of the scientific basis and benefits of ORT by governments and medical communities.

There is need to educate mothers on home management of diarrhea using scientific bases to reduce infant mortality from diarrhea.

Keywords: knowledge and practices, diarrhea, under five children.

References:

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Abstract:

This paper shares detailed insights into primary school management in Chadiza District in Eastern Province of Zambia. It provides a critical review of both top down and bottom up approaches to management, specifically focusing on primary school practices. Much of what is discussed herein is anchored on phenomenological data gathered over years of teaching, interacting and supervising teachers and student teachers at primary school level of education. The paper recommends that managers of schools must not get glued to one form (top down or bottom up) but engage junior officers to promote and yield progressive academic performance on the part of learners and maintain standards of teaching and professionalism on the part of teaching staff. This, however, should not be achieved at the expense of losing grip of job and focus of the overall goal of the school.

Keywords: Primary School, School, Management, bottom-up approach, top down.

References:

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Abstract:

The main objective of this study was to assess how Knowledge, behavior and perceptions affect Cervical Cancer screening and the control of HIV/ HPV Co-infection among patients with cervical cancer in Kenya. The following specific objectives guided the study; to weigh the knowledge, behavior, and perceptions on the understanding of the absorption of Cervical Cancer Screening and prevention strategies among women in Kenya. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative comparative study of cervical neoplasia screening and control strategies among women attending Kenyatta National Hospital and Coast Provincial General Hospitals in Kenya. The study was conducted at the Coastal region of Kenya particularly Mombasa County and all parts of Nairobi County over a twelve-month period at the Coast Provincial General Hospital (CPGH) and Kenyatta National Hospital respectively. The target population for this work involved all female respondents who had tested positive for HIV and Cervical Cancer and have the results or they need further screening. Convenience sampling technique was used because of time constraints. Random sampling was used to identify participants. The study concludes that knowledge, behavior, and perceptions on absorption of Cervical Cancer Screening and prevention by women depend on initiatives that have been put in place to motivate and educate women on issues related to cancer screening. The study recommends that the need for community understanding of cervical cancer and the causal relationship between HPV and cervical cancer is usually poor, giving priority to continuing education on the significance of HPV prevention and periodic cervical Cancer screening.

References:

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[2].   Addison, A., Dagin, A., Tadela, E., Addison, A., Mussie, A. and Filmon, K. (2015). CD4 Cell counts trends after commencement of antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. PLos ONE, 1093) e0122583 http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122583

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[7].   Arbyn M, Verdoot F, Snijders PJ, et al. (2014). Accuracy of human papil­lomavirus testing on self-collected versus clinician-collected samples: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2014; 15(2):172–183.

[8].   Ault, K.A. (2007) Effect of prophylactic human papillomavirus L1 virus-like-particle vaccine on risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, grade 3, and adenocarcinoma in situ: a combined analysis of four randomised clinical trials. The Lancet; 369: 9576, 1861-1868.

[9].   Bayu H, Berhe Y, Mulat A, Alemu A. (2015). Cervical cancer screening service uptake and associated factors among age eligible women in Mekelle Zone, Northern Ethiopia, A community-based study using health belief model. PLoS One; 11(3): e0149908.

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Abstract:

Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal nutrition for the healthy growth and development of infants. The global public health recommendation is that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth, development and health (WHO, 2003). Exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life stimulates babies’ immune systems and protects them from diarrhea and acute respiratory infections, two of the major causes of infant mortality in the developing world and improves their responses to vaccination (UNICEF, 2006). Approximately 1.5 million young infants die each year as a result of lack of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding benefits and improper infant and young child feeding practices (Nguyen, 2009). The World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and other organizations promote exclusive breastfeeding as one of the key effective low-cost interventions to enhance child survival. It is therefore for these reasons that we sort to find out the factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers attending infant welfare clinic (IWC) at the Mbengwi District Hospital.

A cross-sectional survey was used where the convenient sampling technique was used. Data collection tool was a structured questionnaire with open and closed ended questions to give a snapshot of the factors influencing the practice of breast feeding among lactating mothers attending IWC. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel tables and figures.

The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers attending IWC in district hospital Mbengwi was found to be 26.6% which is relatively higher compared to those reported in other studies 13.3%, 16%, in Tanzania, Kenya, respectively (Maru et al, 2009). This observed difference may be due to the strengthened MCH services. Despite the improvement in the percentage as compared to other African countries, there is still a need for strengthened MCH services to improve the percentage of mothers adhering to exclusive breastfeeding.

Keywords: exclusive breast feeding, lactating mother, infant welfare clinic, Mbengwi District hospital

References:

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Abstract:

The study aims at determining the impact of the Traditional Marital Counseling Model (TMCM) on marital distresses among married couples in Ghana. The study adapted versions of the Session Process and Outcome Measures-Client version (SPOM-C) and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) questionnaires to measure therapy outcome for 50 married couples who were selected through stratified proportionate random sampling technique to participate in a descriptive-correlational-experimental research design. Disparity analyses were done using the Predictive Analytics Software (PASW) 18 guide to Data Analysis. Descriptive frequencies were used to analyze the data on the levels of marital distress. Disparity mean values within the sample were measured by paired t-test technique. Correlation between outcome of therapy for TMCM and level of marital distress were measured by Pearson correlation coefficient. The study found that TMCM has a significant effect on the marital distresses of the married couples. Though TMCM is better for counseling clients with various types of marital distresses, it is most effective in situations where clients present severe marital distress. Therapists should use TMCM especially for clients showing sever marital distress.

Keywords: Traditional Marital Counseling Model (TMCM), Marital Distress, Married Couples, Marriage and Family Counseling, Marital Therapy.

References:

[1].   Anderson, S. R., Tambling, R. B., Huff, S. C., Heafner, J., Johnson, L. N., & Ketring, S. A. (2014). The Development of a Reliable Change Index and Cutoff for the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 40(4), 525–534.

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[3].   Baucom, D. H., & Epstein, N. (2013). Cognitive-Behavioral Marital Therapy. New York: Routledge.

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Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by a deficiency or diminished effectiveness of endogenous insulin. The complicationsof diabetes mellitus are known to be very severe, unbearable, incapacitating, fatal, and has high health and economic burdens. This study was conducted to compare hematological parameters in diabetic males and females compared with non-diabetic individuals. This study was done at the Defense Reference Laboratory, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria. Venipuncture was performed on all participants; Complete Blood Count was carried out with 2ML-EDTA blood tubes using the Sysmex platform while Fasting blood sugar was done using 2ML-Fluoride Oxalate blood tube. This assay was done using an automated Chemistry analyzer (Selectra Pro-S). The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 25.0. A total of 200 participants including 40 diabetic males, 60 diabetic females, 48 non-diabetic males, and 52 non-diabetic females were recruited for the study. The values of FBS and MCHC were significantly higher in the diabetic male and female group. The mean values of PCV and MCV were significantly higher in both male and female non-diabetic group. The values of HB, RBC, and PLT-CT were also significantly lower in diabetic male but not significantly in females. There were 48% cases of anaemia among diabetic females 27% among non-diabetic females whereas only 13% anaemia was seen for diabetic males. Hematological parameters should be evaluated and treated periodically in both male and female diabetic patients to reduce the burden of DM and ocular morbidity due to retinopathy.

References:

[1].   Bharathi, K. (2016). Study of hematological profile and its significance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Journal of Diagnostic Pathology And, 1(1), 14–17. Retrieved from https://www.innovativepublication.com/admin/uploaded%7B_%7Dfiles/JDPO%5Cn1(1)%7B_%7D14-17.pdf.

[2].   Biadgo, B., Melku, M., Abebe, S. M., & Abebe, M. (2016). Hematological indices and their correlation with fasting blood glucose level and anthropometric measurements in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 9, 91–99. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S97563.

[3].   Chinenye, R. N. O. and S. (2012). Review Article Diabetes mellitus: a global epidemic with potential solutions. African Journal of Diabetes Medicine, 20(2), 2011–2013.

[4].   Demirtas, L., Degirmenci, H., Akbas, E. M., Ozcicek, A., Timuroglu, A., Gurel, A., & Ozcicek, F. (2015). Association of hematological indices with diabetes, Impaired glucose regulation and microvascular complications of diabetes. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 8(7), 11420–11427.

[5].   Erasmus RT, Ebonyi E, F. T. (1988). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a rural Nigerian population. Niger Med Pract, 15, 28‑38.

[6].   Gurav, A., & Jadhav, V. (2011). Periodontitis and risk of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes, 3(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-0407.2010.00098.x.

[7].   Harish Kumar, S., Srinivasa, S. V., & Prabhakar, K. (2017). Haematological profile of diabetes and non-diabetes patients in rural tertiary centre. International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 4(5), 1271. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20174111.

[8].   Kahraman, C., Kahraman, N. K., Aras, B., Coşgun, S., & Gülcan, E. (2016). The relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study. Archives of Medical Science: AMS, 3(571).

[9].   Kimando, M. W., Otieno, F. C. F., Ogola, E. N., & Mutai, K. (2017). Adequacy of control of cardiovascular risk factors in ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes attending diabetes out-patients clinic at a county hospital, Kenya. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-017-0223-1.

[10].  Kothari, R., & Bokariya, P. (2012). A Comparative Study of Haematological Parameters in Type I mellitus Patients & healthy Young Adolescents. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research, 3(4), 2429–2432.

[11].  Rasaki, S. O., Kasali, F. O., Biliaminu, S. A., Odeigah, L. O., Sunday, A. A., Sule, A. G., & Musah, Y. (2017). Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Oke-Ogun region of Oyo State, Nigeria. Cogent Medicine, 4(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2017.1326211.

[12].  Waggiallah, H., & Alzohairy, M. (2011). The effect of oxidative stress on human red cells glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase level, and prevalence of anemia among diabetics. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, (December 2014), 344–347. https://doi.org/10.4297/najms.2011.3344

[13].  Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, S. J. (2011). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 94(3), 311.

Abstract:

The banking industry has significantly thrived with the rapid advancement of human civilization and the associated growth in information technology. Earlier to this digital era, all the transactions and the business intelligence thereof had excessive human involvement. The digital world, while making the transactions clear and transparent, generated large amount of digital data. Digital data has snowballed, with the proliferation of network services, mobile devices, and online users on the Internet the banking sector has witnessed a rise of interest in big data. A recent study showed that the global population produces a total of 2.5 quintillion bytes of data daily and this continue to rise. The global financial service sector continues to rapidly embrace digitization aided by the advent of new technologies and greater government push. This trend has been further stimulated by the emergence of Financial Technology (FinTech) players, who are playing a significant role in the banking value chain. The availability of Big Data in this domain has opened up new avenues for innovation and has offered huge opportunities for growth and sustainability. Simultaneously, it has presented a number of new challenges that must be surmounted in order to maximize its value. Since today’s customers expect more personalized banking services and to remain competitive while complying with bigger regulatory surveillance, the banking services sector is hugely pressurized to utilize the depth and breadth of the available data in the best possible way. This study will examine big data and its analytics while looking at the impact and applications of Big Data in the banking domain. It will also consider the important Big Data challenges that remain to be addressed in the banking sector.

Keywords: Big Data, Big Data Analytics, Financial institution, Banking.

References:

[1].   Andrej Kalicky (2013), High Performance Analytics, Master’s thesis submitted to Department of Software Engineering, Charles University in Prague.

[2].   Ayesha Anam Siddiqui and Dr. Riyazuddin Qureshi (2017), Big Data in Banking: Opportunities and Challenges Post Demonetisation in India, IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p-ISSN: 2278-8727, PP 33-39. www.iosrjournals.org.

[3].   Centre for Economic and Business Research (2018) https://cebr.com.

[4].   David L. Olson and Desheng Wu (2017), Predictive Data Mining Models. Computational Risk Management, Springer, ISBN 978-981-10-2542-6, pp. 1-97

[5].   Gartner (2013), Driving Value from Big Data (online) http://www.gartner.com/technology/re search/big-data/ [Accessed 09 May 2019].

[6].   Harvard Business Review (2012), Big Data: The Management Revolution. Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation. Available: http://automotivedigest.com/wp content/uploads/2013/01/BigDataR1210Cf2.pdf [Accessed 05 May 2019].

[7].   Hassani, H, Huang, X and Silva, E. (2018) Digitalisation and Big Data Mining in Banking. Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2, pp 18.

[8].   Hortonworks Inc. (2013), Banks looking for big data solutions to address credit risks. Retrieved from http://hortonworks.com/big-data-insights/banks-looking-for-big-data-solutions-to-address-credit-risks/.

[9].   IDC (2019), https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerld=prUS44998419 (Accessed 02 june 2019).

[10].  Mousumi Ghosh (2014), 5 Key Big Data Challenges in Banking Industry, Data Science Central (online). www.datasciencecentral.com/profiles/blogs/5-key-big-data-challenges-in- banking-industry.

[11].  Navint (2012), Why is BIG Data Important? [Online]. Available: http://www.navint.com/images/Big.Data.pdf [Accessed 07 April 2018].

[12].  Pence, H. E. (2014), What is Big Data and why is It Important? Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 43(2), 159-171. doi:10.2190/ET.43.2. d.

[13].  Peppard, J (2013), The big data opportunity. Management Focus, pg 20.

[14].  Philip Carter (2011), Big Data Analytics: Future architectures, Skills and roadmaps for the CIO, IDC White Paper.

[15].  Richa kapoor (2015)„Banking on Big Data”, Published on May 11, 2015, www.linkedin.com/pulse/banking-big-data-richa-kapoor?redirectFromSplash=true.

[16].  Taruna Seth and Vipin Chaudhary (2016), Big data in Finance Trevir Nath (2018), How big data has changed finance, Investopedia. www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/040915/how-big-data-has-changed-finance.

[17].  Urban, M. (2014), Big data analytics in the fight against financial crime. Retrieved from http://www.bobsguide.com/guide/news/big-data-analytics-in-the-fight-against-financial-crime.html.

[18].  Vangie Beal (2018), Big Data Analytics, webopedia.

[19].  https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/big_data_analytics.html.

[20].  Vladimir Fedak (2018), Big Data Analytics in the banking sector, Data driven Investor (DDI) publication. www.medium.com/datadriveninvestors/big-data-analytics-in-the-banking-sector.

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate and examine teachers’ use of technology and digital media in their lesson delivery. This study also explored how teachers equip their learners with 21^st century skills that are taking place in the education sectors. Respondents under this study were primary and secondary school teachers. The primary school runs from early childhood to grade 9, while the secondary sector covers grades 8 to 12. A questionnaire was formulated and used to collect data from two institutions used as study areas.

Results revealed that the most worrying concern is lack of knowledge of many teachers on the use of digital media and emerging technologies on teaching. The other challenge observed was on the lack of the required technological tools to use at the secondary sector and lack of technological skills. There was need to train teachers on technology skills so that they can provide our learners with solid foundation of ICT and Computer Studies.

Keywords: digital media; emerging technologies; creativity; ICT; primary and secondary school.

References:

[1].   Ala-Mutka, K, Punie, Y. & Redecker, C. (2008). Digital Competence for Lifelong Learning. Policy Brief. European Commission Joint Research Centre. http://is.jrc.ec.europa/.

[2].   Bates, A.W. (2015). Teaching in a Digital age: Guidelines for designing teaching and learning. Vancouver BC: Tony Bates Associates. LTd.ISBN:978-0-9952692-0-0.

[3].   Constantino, G.D. (2014). Educational Technology and teacher Education: Barriers and gates in South America: Creative Education, 5, 1080-1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.512122.

[4].   Curriculum Development Centre (2013). Creative and Technology Syllabus Grades 1 – 4. Ministry of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Education.

[5].   Curriculum Development Centre (2013). Technology Studies Primary School Syllabus [Grades 5 – 7]. Ministry of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Education.

[6].   Hall, T. (2012). Digital Renaissance: The Creative Potential of Narrative Technology in Education. Creative Education, 3(1), 96-100. http://dx.doi.org.104236/ce.2012.31016.

[7].   Hatlevik, O.E., Guðmundsdóttir, G. B, Loi, M. (2015). Examining factors predicting students’ digital competence. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 14, 123 – 137. Retrieved from http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol14/JITEV14ResearchP123-137 Hatlevik0873.pdf.

[8].   Musawi, A.S.A. (2011). Redefining Technology Role in Education. Creative Education. DOI:10.4236/ce.2011.22018.

[9].   Omariba, A., Gitau, E.N. (Dr.) & Ayot, H.O. (2016). Challenges facing teachers and students in the use of instructional technologies: A Case of selected Secondary schools in Kisii Central District, Kisii Country. International Journal of Information Research and review, November, 2016. Vol. 03, Issue, 11, pp. 3129- 3137.

[10].  Pitler, H., Hubbell, E. R. Kuhn, M. & Malenoski, K. (2007). Using Technology with Classroom instruction that works. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

[11].  Siyanbola, W. O., Egbetokun, A.A., Olumiyiwa, O.O, Aderemi, H.O. & Sanni, M. (2012). Indigenous Technologies and Innovation in Nigeria: Opportunities for SMEs. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 2, 64 – 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2012.22009.

[12].  Torres, P. L., dos Santos, K. E. E., Kowalski, R.P.G., & Behrens, M.A. (2016). Adaptive Ecosystem-Integrated technology into the curriculum. Creative Education, 7, 44 - 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.71005.

[13].  Uzun, E., Yildirim, A., & Ozen, Y. (2013). Students’ Perceptions about Learning Environment of a Distance Course Based on Technology Acceptance model: A Descriptive Study. 9(1): 201 – 211. DOI.10.17360/efd.79060.

[14].  Walsh, C. S. & Apperley, T. (2011). The future of Digital Culture & Education, Digital Culture & Education, 3 (2), 167-170.

Abstract:

South Sudan’s modern contraceptive prevalence rate stands at just 2.7 percent, with an unmet need for modern family planning (FP) at 30.8 percent (FP 2020, 2018). Multiple barriers contribute to low FP uptake in South Sudan: inadequate data collection tools and insufficient analysis, interpretation, and communication of data. Research from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) shows that improved management of FP data enables stronger ownership of program results at the health facility and community levels, empowering community members and providers to increase FP uptake (Ho & Wheeler, 2018). The study methodology used a cross-sectional observational design with quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection and analysis. Data were collected from 178 health facilities across 17 counties in two states in South Sudan: Central Equatoria and Western Equatoria. The purpose of the study was to explore how effectively FP data in the routine health information system (RHIS) are analyzed, interpreted, and communicated, and it discusses barriers to RHIS data use and ownership in two states in South Sudan, to inform policy and programmatic decision making. The study result was over half (55.8%) of the 172 health facilities assessed that should be collecting FP data do collect FP data. Only 16 percent of the county health departments (CHDs) assessed, and fewer than six percent of the health facilities assessed, carry out FP data analysis. Two hospitals, two primary healthcare centers (PHCCs), and one primary healthcare unit (PHCU) had the capacity to interpret analyzed FP data.

Keywords: Family planning, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, routine health information system and empowering community members.

References:

[1].      https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7324930_The_Unmet_Need_for_Contraception_among_Nigerian_Women_in_the_First_Year_Post-Partum?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-66c303791c080c763d7779a87eb76f12-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NTk1MTM0NDtBUzoxMDI1ODI5MDMxMTU3ODNAMTQwMTQ2OTA3ODU4NA

[2].      African Union. (2013). Family planning and the demographic dividend in Africa. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/pmnch/media/events/2013/au_policy_brief_family.pdf

[3].      Family Planning 2020. (2018). FP2020 Core indicator summary sheet: 2017–2018 Annual progress report. Retrieved from http://www.familyplanning2020.org/sites/default/files/South%20Sudan%202018%20CI%20Handout.pdf

[4].      Ho, L. S. & Wheeler, E. (2018). Using program data to improve access to family planning and enhance the method mix in conflict-affected areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Global Health: Science and Practice, 6(1), 161–177. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29602870

[5].      World Bank. (2017). Population growth (Annual). Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW

[6].      Laku, R., Camino, C. M., Stoops, N., & Ali, M. (2012). Implementing a routine health management information system in South Sudan. South Sudan Medical Journal, February. Retrieved from http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com/archive/february-2012/implementing-a-routine-health-management-information-system-in-south-sudan.html

[7].      https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261743126_Contraceptive_Use_Intention_to_Use_and_Unmet_Need_during_the_Extended_Postpartum_Period?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-66c303791c080c763d7779a87eb76f12-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NTk1MTM0NDtBUzoxMDI1ODI5MDMxMTU3ODNAMTQwMTQ2OTA3ODU4NA

[8].      https://www.researchgate.net/publication/9021353_The_inequality_of_Maternal_health_care_in_urban_sub-Saharan_Africa_in_the_1990s?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-66c303791c080c763d7779a87eb76f12-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NTk1MTM0NDtBUzoxMDI1ODI5MDMxMTU3ODNAMTQwMTQ2OTA3ODU4NA

[9].      South Sudan National Bureau of Statistics (SSNBSS). (2018). Dashboard. Retrieved from http://www.ssnbss.org/

[10].  The Republic of Sudan Ministry of Health (MOH). (2013). Family planning policy. Retrieved from http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JVB1.pdf

[11].  The Republic of Sudan Ministry of Health (MOH). (2011). Health sector development plan 2011–2015. Retrieved from http://www.gunneweg-imprint-consultants.nl/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/HSSDPL2010-2015-SOUTH-SUDAN.pdf

[12].  Uganda Program for Human and Holistic Development. (2006, July). Lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS): An overview. Presentation at the LQAS Conference, Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved from http://uphold.jsi.com/Docs/Resources/Conferences/presentation_overview-lqas_2006.pdf

Abstract:

The study sought to determine the challenges faced by Biology Secondary teachers in Zimbabwe when using instructional methods that promote Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematic (STEM) Education and the possible solutions to the challenges. The sample was composed of fifty secondary schools in Harare that offer Biology at Ordinary and Advanced level. Two Biology teachers per school were involved and the total number of Biology teachers was one hundred.

Data was collected using questionnaires administered to both Ordinary and Advanced level biology teachers. One lesson at Ordinary and Advanced level was observed at each of the fifty schools. The obtained results indicate that Biology teachers in Zimbabwe are still using more the traditional teaching method that is teacher centered rather than the current student-centered approach that promotes STEM education due to a number of challenges they are facing. These challenges include lack of digital classrooms, lack of consistent power supply, lack of fully equipped biology laboratories and lack of teachers who have the necessary skills such as computer skills. In order for STEM Education to be successfully implemented in Zimbabwe at secondary school level these issues must be addressed.

References:

[1].      Best, J.W, and Khan, J.U (1993). Research in Education. London. Allyn and Bacon Inc.

[2].      Clyton, D. & Moses, K. (Dr.) (2017). Implementation of Stem Curriculum in Rural Secondary Schools in Zimbabwe: Limits and Possibilities. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS) 8(1): 11-15.

[3].      De Vos, A.S., Strydom, H., Fouche, C.B. & Deport, C.S.L. (2005). Study at grassroot for the social sciences and human service professions. 3^rd ed. Pretoria: Van Schaik.

[4].      du Toiti, S. & Kotze, G. (2009). Metacognitive strategies in the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics Pythagoras, 70, 57- 67.

[5].      Fernando, S. YJN & Marikar, F. MMT (2017). Constructivist Teaching/Learning Theory and Participatory Teaching Methods. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, Vol.6, No. 1. http://jct.sciedupress.com.

[6].      Ganyaupfu, E.M. (2013) Teaching Methods and Students’ Academic Performance. International Journal of Humanities and social science Invention, Vol.2, Issue 9, pp 29 – 35. www.ijhssi.org .

[7].      Gay, L.R. (1976). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application. Columbus, Ohio, Merrill Publishing Co.

[8].      Government of Zimbabwe (2012) Second Science, Technology and Innovation Policy of Zimbabwe, March, Harare.

[9].      Gruning, J.E. & Gruning, L.A (2008) Excellence Theory in Public Relations: Past, Present and Future. European and International Perspectives and Innovations.

[10].  Gultig, J., Hoadley, U. & Jansen, J. (eds). (2002). Curriculum: from plans to practices: Reader. Cape Town: South African Institute for Distance Education and Oxford University Press.

[11].  Hall, B.W. (1986). “Validity, reliability and norms of popular versus less popular published educational achievement tests”. Journal of educational Research. Vol. 79. Number 3, pp 439-450.

[12].  Hein, G.E. (1991). Constructivist Learning Theory. The Museum and the needs of People: CECA (International Committee of Museum Educators) Conference.

[13].  Herrell, A. & Jordan, M. (2008). 50 Strategies for teaching English language learners (3rd. ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

[14].  Jones, V & Jones, L. (2007). Comprehensive Classroom Management. Creating communities of support and Solving Problems.

[15].  Kelly, T.R. & Knowles, J.G. (2016). A conceptual framework for integrated STEM education. International Journal of STEM Education, 3-11.

[16].  Kobola, M.W. (2007). The Role of School Principal in the implementation of the Revised National Curriculum Statement. Pretoria: Unisa. (Unpublished MED dissertation).

[17].  Kottler, J.A., Zehm, S.J. & Kottler, E. (2005). On being a teacher: The human dimension (3rd.ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

[18].  Kruss, G. (ed). (2009). Opportunities and Challenges for teacher education curriculum in South Africa. (Teacher Education in South Africa Series). Cape Town: HSRC Press.

[19].  Marzano, R.J. (Ed.). (2010). On excellence in teaching. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.

[20].  Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education Annual Statistical Report (2013), Government Publications, Harare.

[21].  Morris, P. (2002). Promoting curriculum reforms in the context of a political transition: an analysis of Hong Kong’s experience. Journal of Education Policy, 17(1): 13-28.

[22].  Musawi, A. A. (2011). Redefining Technology Role in Education. Creative Education. Vol. 2, No. 2, 130-135.

[23].  Ogunniyi, M.B. (1984). Educational Measurement and Evaluation. Lagos, Nigeria. Longman.

[24].  Pitler, H., Hubbell, E.R., Kuhn, M., & Maleoski, K. (2007). Using technology with classroom instruction that works, Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

[25].  Sidhu, K.S. (2006). The teaching of mathematics. Sterling Publishers private Limited, New Delhi: India.

[26].  Tajuddin, N.M., Tarmizi, R.A., Konting, M.M. & Ali, W.Z.W. (2010). Instructional efficiency of the integration of Graphing Calculators in Teaching and Learning Mathematics. International Journal of Instruction, Vol.2. No. 2: 11-30. www.eji.net.

[27].  Teaching Tolerance (2012). A project of the Southern Poverty Law Center. Tolerance.org/activity/series.

[28].  Trail, K. (2000). A Changing Nation: The Impact of Linguistic and Culural Diversity on Education, vol xii, No. 2.

[29].  Tuckman, B.W. (1994). Conducting Educational Research. Florida. Ted Buchholz.

[30].  Van de Walle, J.A., Karp, K.S., & Bay-Williams, J. M. (2010) Elementary and middle school mathematics: Teaching developmentally (7th.ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Abstract:

This project entitled Food Reserve Agency (FRA) Document Automation system is a server-based application that client computers accesses in order to manage documents.

The server provides a facility for client computers to manipulate the internal documents that various departmental users make use of such letter, reports, photographs, images, etc.

A document management system (DMS) is a system (based on computer programs in the case of the management of digital documents) used to track, manage and store documents and reduce paper. Most of these DMS are capable of keeping a record of the various versions created and modified by different users (history tracking). The term has some overlap with the concepts of content management systems. It is often viewed as a component of enterprise content management (ECM) systems and related to digital asset management, document imaging, workflow systems and records management systems.

In the case of our project, we procured a DMS from our Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) company called Netone IT Ltd. The DMS is called the DocuVision.

It has the capabilities to create folders and various file types with varying attributes. This made our project easy and very reliable in terms of the solution provided to users. This was particularly very handy for our Registry department which receives and stores hard copy documents.

Keywords

1.           Electronic Document Management System (EDMS)

2.           Server based application

3.           Client computers

4.           document management system (DMS)

5.           computer programs

6.           digital documents

7.           content management systems

8.           Enterprise Resource Planning

9.           enterprise content management

10.       folders

11.       secure storage

12.       naming standards

13.       document ownership

14.       document revision control

15.       inactive files

References:

[1].   Life cycle document management systems for construction by N Forcada Matheu.

[2].   Document management system by Wikipedia.

[3].   Document management system by IT knowledge portal.

[4].   Electronic Document Management System by ucop.

[5].   Electronic Document Management System for Kırıkkale University by Mustafa Başıbüyük and Atilla Ergüzen.

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to investigate the most applied head teachers’ leadership styles in motivating teachers’ in secondary schools of Kitwe district, Zambia. The study was conducted using descriptive survey. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 22 head teachers and 210 teachers respectively to participate in the study. Questionnaire instruments with likert scale questions were used as research tools in collecting data from teachers and head teachers. To test reliability of the instruments, data set on the questionnaires were subjected to chronbach`s alpha (α) test statistics using statistical package for social sciences version.20 (SPSS 20). Data collected from the participants were quantitatively analyzed and presented into tables using SPSS 20. The results for this study show that head teachers frequently apply democratic leadership style as they allow teachers to express their feelings about how things should be done and they put suggestions made by staff members into operation. It is recommended that head teachers in secondary schools of Kitwe district should equally apply all the three leadership styles (democratic, laissez-faire and autocratic) without favoring only one type of leadership style. (184 words).

Key words: Head teachers’ leadership styles, Teachers’ motivation, Secondary education teachers, Kitwe district, Zambia.

References:

[1].   Adom, D., Hussein, E.K. & Agyem, J.A. (2018). Theoretical and conceptual framework for Mandatory ingredients of a quality research: International journal of scientific research. 7(1), ISSN: 2277-8179. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322204158.

[2].   Amir, I., Qins, S., Muhammed, F. & Aruba, S. (2017). Leadership styles and employee’s motivation: Perspective from emerging economy. 51(4), 143-156. Retrieved from: https://musejh.edu/article/662834.

[3].   Chua, C., Basin, A. & Hassan, Z. (2018). Leadership style and impact on employee performance: International Journal of Accounting and Business Management.6 (1), 80-94. ISSN:2289-4519. Anglia Ruskin University, UK. DOI: 10.24924/ijabm/2018.04/v6.iss1.80.94.

[4].   Chukwusa, J. (2015) Autocratic leadership style: Obstacles to success in academic Libraries. Library philosophy and Practice (e-Journal). University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

[5].   Datuk, M. (2018). Impact of employee motivation on work performance: Pursrawi international college of medical sciences. Doi:10.29322/IJSRP.8.3. 2018.P7544.

[6].   Ezugo, T.C. &Ofojebe, W.N. (2010). Teachers’ motivation and its quality assurance in the Nigerian Educational system. NwaforOrizu college of Eduaction, Nsugbe, Anambrastate, Nigeria.

[7].   Franklin, K. (2016). Examining the impacts of leadership styles and motivation of U.S teachers. (Doctoral dissertation), Scholar works, Walden University.

[8].   Gagne, M. &Deci, E. L., (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of organization Behavior, 26, 331-362. Doi: 10.1002/job.322. Wiley interscience. (Publisher).

[9].   Kayii, N. E, (2008). Principles leadership style and motivation of teachers in government secondary schools in Port Harcout local government area: International journal of Aquatic research and education. 6(3), 47-57, ISSN: 2354-2942. River state university, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

[10].  Kinyanjui, G. N. & Orodho, J.A. (2014). Influence of head teachers’ leadership styles on pupils’ performance in Kenya certificate of primary Education examination in Dagoreti District.5(18), 64-70, Kenyatta University, Kenya.

[11].     Kuvale, S. (2016). Effect of leadership style on school performance of secondary schools in Wadajir District, Mogadishu, Somalia.

[12].     Machumu, H.J. & Kaitila, M.M., (2014). Influence of leadership styles on teacher’s job satisfaction: A case of selected primary schools in Songea and Morogoro District, Tanzania.

[13].     Muhammad, S.K., Irfanulla, K. &Qama, A.Q. (2015) The styles of leadership: A critical review. Gomal University, DeraIsmaIL Khan, Pakistan.

[14].     Obi, E. (2003). Educational management: Theory and Practice. Jamoe Enterprises, Enugu.

[15].     Ojokuku, R.M., Odetayo, T. A. & Sajuyigbe A.S. (2012). Impact of leadership style on organizational performance: a case study of Nigerian Banks. American journal of business and management, 1(4), 202-207. Ladoke Akintola university of Technology, Oyo state, Nigeria.

[16].     Probst, G. (2005). Organizational crisis-the logic of failure: Academy of management perspectives. 19(1) University of Geneva. DOI: 105465/AME.2005.15841958

[17].     Raelin, J.A., (2012). Dialogue and deliberation as expressions of democratic leadership in participatory organizational change: Journal of organizational change management. 25(1), 7-23. Northeastern University, Boston, Massachite, USA.

[18].     Shahzadi, I., Jave, A., Pirzada, S.S., Nasreen, S. & Khanam, F. (2014). Impact of employee motivation on employee performance: European journal of business and management. 6(23), 159-166, ISSN:2222-2839. Department of management sciences, the Islamic University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

[19].     Shrestha, M. (2019). Contribution of job nature on Leadership style among Academia. SEISENSE Journal of management. 2(4), 1-13. Kathmandu University School of education, Nepal. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33215/sjom.v2i4.156

[20].     Ukaidi, C.U.A. (2016). The importance of leadership styles on organizational performance in Nigeria: Global journal of Human Resource Management. 4(4), 25-34, ISSN: 2053-5694 University of calabar-calabar, Nigeria. (European Centre for research training and development).

[21].     Warmbrod, J.R. (2014). Reporting and interpreting scores derived from Likert –type scales. 55 (5), 30-47. Doi: 10.5032/jae.2014.05030.

[22].     Wasserman, B. Y. (2016). Relationship between the principles leadership style and teacher motivation: International journal of learning, teaching and educational research, 15(10), 180-192. Lifshitz, college, Jerusalem, Israel.

Abstract:

Background: One of the most important objectives of any health system is patient satisfaction, yet there is considerable difficulty in the measurement of satisfaction and gauge the responsiveness of healthcare systems. This study assessed the level of satisfaction of patients who utilize the outpatient department and inpatient services of tertiary hospitals in Ghana and also identified the factors that influence patient satisfaction.

Method: The study employed quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional study design. A two-stage sampling process based on stratified sampling and convenient sampling was employed. A structured questionnaire was administered to 1000 patients from the outpatient and inpatient departments of Greater Accra Regional Hospital to elicit their satisfaction level with both core-clinical and non-core/system services. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 22.0. Some of the analysis strategies were descriptive statistical tests of comparing means of the various predictors of overall patient satisfaction. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to find the factors or determinants that influence patient satisfaction.

Results: The satisfaction derived from treatment outcome (β = 0.298, p< 0.001) and involvement of patients in treatment decision (β = 0.173, p< 0.001) were the strongest determinants of patient satisfaction at the OPD care service. Patient satisfaction with technical service (β = 0.232, p< 0.001), service format (β = 0.293, p< 0.001) and nursing care (β = -0.187, p< 0.001) were the key areas that associated with patient overall satisfaction at the OPD. Patient satisfaction with doctor services (β = 0.20, p< 0.001), privacy during treatment (β = 0.14, p< 0.001) and complaint handling (β = 0.12, p< 0.001) during admission at the ward were the strongest determinants of patient satisfaction at the inpatient setting. The number of nurses on duty, doctors’ time spent with patients, communication and behaviors of healthcare staff as well as quality of healthcare support provided by paramedical staff were some of the elements of healthcare that patients place a lot of value on.

Conclusion: Majority of the patients in both OPD and inpatients were satisfied with the set of core-clinical service and thus perceived that core clinical service contributed most to their satisfaction as against non-core/system service. Patients' satisfaction can be increased by focusing on improving treatment effectiveness, communication and behavior, doctors spending enough time with patients, reduced waiting time, organized care at OPD, making technical staff available and effectiveness in handling patient complaints.

Keywords: Satisfaction, Determinants, Inpatient, Outpatient, Core clinical, Non-core/system service.

References:

[1].   Aduo-Adjei KO (2015). Patients Satisfaction with Quality Healthcare in Ghana: A Comparative Study between University of Ghana and University of Cape Coast Hospitals [dissertation]. Ghana: University of Ghana.

[2].   Ahenkan, A., Aduo-Adjei, K. (2017). Predictors of Patient Satisfaction with Quality of Healthcare in University Hospitals in Ghana. Hospital Practices and Research., 2(1), 9-14.

[3].   Al-Abri, R., & Al-Balushi, A. (2014). Patient satisfaction survey as a tool towards quality improvement. Oman medical journal, 29(1), 3-7.

[4].   Ahmed, M.M., Al-Hawary, S. I., & Alghanim, S.A. (2011). Quality level of health care service provided by King Abdullah educational hospital from patient's viewpoint. Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 2(11), 552-572.

[5].   Aldana, J. M., Piechulek H., & Al-Sabir A. (2001). Clients’ satisfaction and quality healthcare in rural Bangladesh. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 12(9), 512-517.

[6].   Andaleeb, S. S. (1998). Determinants of customer satisfaction with hospitals: A managerial model, International Journal of Healthcare Quality Assurance, 11(6), 181-187.

[7].   Andrabi S. A., Hamid S., Rohul, J. & Anjum F. (2012). Measuring patient satisfaction: A cross sectional study to improve quality of care at a tertiary care hospital, Health line, Vol. 3, NO. 1, pp. 59-62.

[8].   Ayimbillah Atinga R, Abekah-Nkrumah G, Ameyaw Domfeh K. (2011). Managing healthcare quality in Ghana: a necessity of patient satisfaction. Int J Health Care Qual Assur;24(7):548-563. doi:10.1108/09526861111160580.

[9].   Baalbaki, Imad & Ahmed, Zafar & Pashtenko, Valentin & Makarem, Suzanne. (2008). Patient satisfaction with healthcare delivery systems. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing., 2, 47-62.

[10].           Boshoff, C., and B. Gray. (2004). The Relationship between Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Buying Intentions in the Private Hospital Industry. ‟South Africa Journal of Business Management 35 (4): 27–37

[11].     Cheng SH, Yang MC, Chiang TL (2003). Patient satisfaction with and recommendation of a hospital: effects of interpersonal and technical aspects of hospital care. Int J Qual Health Care.

[12].     Crosby, L.A., Evans, K., & Cowles, D. (1990). Relationship quality in services selling: an interpersonal influence perspective. Journal of Marketing, 54(2), 68-81.

[13].     Desta, H., Berhe, T., & Hintsa, S. (2018). Assessment of patients' satisfaction and associated factors among outpatients received mental health services at public hospitals of Mekelle Town, northern Ethiopia. International journal of mental health systems, 12, 38. doi:10.1186/s13033-018-0217-z.

[14].     Dewa CS, Loong D, Bonato S, et al (2016). The relationship between physician burnout and quality of healthcare in terms of safety and acceptability: a systematic review BMJ Open 2017;7: e015141. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen- 2016-015141.

[15].     Donabedian, A (2005). Evaluating the Quality of Medical Care, The Milbank Quarterly, 83(4):691- 729.

[16].     Essiam, J. (2013), Service quality and patient’s satisfaction with healthcare delivery: empirical evidence from patients of the outpatient department of a public university hospital in Ghana. European Journal of Business Management, 5(28), 52-59.

[17].     Gallagher Healthcare (2018). The Importance of Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare. Available online at https://www.gallaghermalpractice.com/blog/post/the- importance-of-patient-satisfaction-in-healthcare.

[18].     Gyapong, J., Garshong, B., Akazili, J., Aikins, M., Agyepong, I., & Nyonator, F. (2007). Critical Analysis of Ghana‟s Health System: With a focus on equity challenges and the National Health Insurance. SHIELD Work package 1 Report NDPC.

[19].     Heath, S. (2018). Patient Satisfaction and HCAHPS: What It Means for Providers. Patient Engagement Hit, https://patientengagementhit.com/features/patient- satisfaction-and-hcahps-what-it-means-for-providers.

[20].     Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Bruster S, Richards N, Chandola T. (2003). Patients' experience and satisfaction with Health Care: Results of a questionnaire study of specific aspects of care. Quality Safety Health Care, VOL 2003;11:335-339.

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[22].     Kathryn, A., M., David A., C., Susan, M., G. (2004). The Role of Clinical and Process Quality in Achieving Patient Satisfaction in Hospitals, Decision Sciences, Vol: 35, NO.3, pp.349-369.

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