Abstract:

References:

Abstract:

This study determined the migration patterns of graduates from the Province of Zamboanga del Norte (ZaNorte) during the School Years SY 2006 –2011. A random sample of 384 graduates from the eight colleges and one university in the Province responded to the questionnaire. It was found out that about one-fourth of the graduates of the province moved out for job-related reasons. Migration patterns of graduates in terms of age, gender, marital status, parents’ educational background and income, and their high school and college backgrounds, activity after graduation, their employment status, sector and economic branch they worked in, their income, and relation of education and job were determined. The perceptions of the graduates of ZaNorte were found to be positive. The Province of ZaNOrte needs to develop, retain and sustain highly skilled graduates to improve its economy.

 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES: Graduate migration patterns, Socio-economic characteristics, graduates, Migration decisions

References:

[1.] McCauley, E., (1999), Migration After College: The Spatial Distribution of Recent OUGraduates, http:/./www.geocitoes.com/RainForest~326O/Ugenoiversity of Oklahoma, Viewed December 2011.

[2.] Faggian, A. and McCann, P. (2004). "Human Capital Flows and Regional Knowledge Assets:A Simultaneous Equation Model," ERSA conference papers ersa04p354, European Regional Science Association. South American Journal of Academic Research, Volume-1, Issue-1, 2014 14

[3.] IFPI, (1999). Graduate Migration from Indiana’s Postsecondary Institutions. Indiana Fiscal Policy Institute (IFPI). Capital Center, North Tower, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204

[4.] Kondo, A., et. al. (2009). Migration Model Based on Utility Theory Taking the Degree of Relationship Between Regions into Consideration and its Application

[5.] NSCB (2009). Poverty Incidence in Zamboanga Peninsula on the Rise, Press Release: 02/28/2011.http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru9/press%20release/2011/Poverty/Poverty_2009.html

[6.] Olaniyan, D and Okemakinde.T. (2008).Human Capital Theory: Implications for Educational Development. European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.24 No.2, EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008 pp.157-162

[7.] Sommers (2003).Brain Drain or Weak Attraction? Migration of Ohio’s Young College-Educated Population, A Briefing for the Governor’s Commission on Higher Education and the Economy, Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, College of Social and Behavioral Science

[8.] Tomatzky, L.G., Gray, D.O., Tarant, S. A., & Zimrner, K., (2001), Who Will Staj~andWho Will Leave, Southern Technology Council, Southern Growth Policies Board,www.southem.or~pubS/Mi~atio~12.pdf

Abstract:

 This study aimed to look into the provincial development needs vis-à-vis the current educational programs of the Higher Educational Institutions in Zamboanga del Norte during the calendar year 2011. The study revealed that the top priority development needs of Zamboanga del Norte were economic, environmental, and infrastructure development aspects, while the top most offered program among the HEIs of the province were on teacher Education, Nursing, and Allied Health. The study revealed further that program offerings of HEIs did not directly meet the provincial development needs of the province. The study concludes that the development needs and program offerings do not match. It is recommended that the HEIs offer programs that directly respond to the development needs of the province. Training institutions should link with the provincial government to be able to identify the HEIs’ programs for offering and the necessary training to be conducted while the students are still in school. Moreover, higher education institutions amalgamate program offerings and settle on their expertise and capabilities based on their respective charter.

KEYWORDS AND PHRASES: Provincial development needs, Current HEIs programs, Zamboanga del Norte

References:

[1.]   The Role of Supply and Demand Forces in the Changing Market for College Graduates: McMillan Book Co.

[2.]   The Changing Economic Value of Higher Education in Developed Economies: McMillan Book Co.

[3.]   Babalola, J.B. (2003). Budget Preparation and Expenditure Control in Education. Basic Text in Educational Planning: Ibadan Awemark Industrial Printers.

[4.]   Belmont, Michael P. and Hillary, Clyde G. (2002). Modern Science and Human Development. Washington D.C.: Brenton & Brenton Publishing House.

[5.]   Bernas, Joaquin G. 2002. The 1987 Philippines Constitution. Manila Philippines: Rex Book Store.

[6.]   Bloom, David and et al. 2006. Higher Education and Economic Developme: Africa Publishing Co.

[7.]   Cabalu,et al. (2006). Applied Sociology. Mutya Publishing House dist. Valenzuela City

[8.]   Carl, David (2001). Estimating the Return of Schooling: Progress on some Persistent Econometric Problems: McMillan Book Co.

[9.] Colminares, Nilo E.(2011). 21st Century Trends, Issue and Callenge in Philippine Education. Navotas Press: Navotas City.

[10.] Freeman, James and Hirsch, Barry. (2007). College majors and the knowledge content of jobs: McGraw Hill Book Co.

[11.] Freeman, Richard. (2000). Chapter 6: Demand for Education Handbook of Labor Economics: McMillan Book Co.

[12.] HEAT (2010). Expanding Higher Education Access and Success in Central Oregon. Central Oregon Book Co.

[13.] HEGESCO: Higher Education as a Generator of Strategegic Scot, Paul (2008). Structure Differentiation in Higher Education. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Press.

[14.] Henslin, James (2000). Down To Earth Sociology. New York Press: USA.

[15.] Maciones, John (2001) Sociology. Prentice Hall: New Jersey USA.

Abstract:

 Depressed communities in Zamboanga del Norte namely; La Libertad, Siayan and Godod, are agricultural communities. The study identified low productivity as the main reason for the low income of the families in the communities. Low productivity in turn was linked to the farming practices, general topography of the farming communities and marketing practices. The paper proceeds to evaluate alternative agricultural production system as well as livelihood that hinge on agricultural food processing towards enhancing the economic productivity of these communities.

KEYWORDS: Agricultural production system, poverty, food processing

References:

[1.] Magat, S. V. and M.I. Secretaria. 2007. Coconut Intercropping Guide No. 7. www.pca.gov.ph

[2.] Maxwell. S. 1999. The Meaning and Measurement of Poverty. ODI Poverty Briefing. Livelihood.odi.org.uk

[3.] Regalado, E. 2008. 14 of RP's poorest towns in Mindanao. www.philstar.com

[4.] Tuzon, G. D. Meat Processing Technology for the Ilocanos. Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College Quiambao, Abner. 2009. Cost and Return Analysis For One Hectare Peanut Production.

[5.] United Nations Publication. The Employment Imperative. Report to the World Situation 2007. Available at www.un.org.pdf

Abstract:

 This study analyzed the poverty incidence in the municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte as published by Peace Equity Access for Community Empowerment Foundation (PEF) Inc. (2006). The identified variables of the study consisted of demography, health and sanitation, education, housing, land tenure and governance. The result showed that majority of Municipalities (24 out of 27 Municipalities) belonged to high poverty incidence areas except Dipolog and Dapitan cities including Sindangan municipality. In terms of significant indicators on poverty incidence of this province, it was found out that the population, proportion of households with no access to potable water, no sanitary toilet, elementary cohort survival rate, secondary participation rate and households with lot owned or amortized did influence the poverty situation in Zamboanga del Norte. The present findings of the study suggested that in order to alleviate poverty in the Province of Zamboanga del Norte, the concerned agencies of the government i.e. the DepEd, DOH and DA must address or solve the problems of the municipalities anent health and sanitation, education and land tenure.

KEYWORDS AND PHRASES: Poverty incidence, Independent variables, Regression and cluster analysis

References:

[1.] Ericta, et., al. (2009). A Documentation of the Philippines’ Family Income and Expenditure Survey. The PIDS Discussion Paper Series 2009 – 18

[2.] Ravallion, et., al. (1996). 'How Important to India's Poor Is the Sectoral Composition of Economic Growth?', World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 10, 1-25.

[3.] Ravallion, Martin and Benu Bidani (1994). “How Robust is a Poverty Profile?” World Bank Economic Review 8; 75-102.

[4.] Reyes, Cecilia M. (2001). Poverty Profile of the Philippines. The PIDS Discussion Paper Series 2000 – 40 (Revised).

[5.] www.peacefdn.org. Peace Equity Access for Community Empowerment Foundation (PEF), Inc. 2006.

[6.] Robertson, Manuel (2011). Water is Life. (Forum on Water Security and Governance, Proceedings, 2011)

Abstract:

 The study determined the barriers to access of public services for the urban poor households in the selected barangays of Dipolog and Dapitan City. The constraints were classified as economic, geographic and administrative to access education, health, sanitation, and utility services. Barrier indices were computed based on measures of poverty gap and Foster, Greer and Thorbecke index. The study revealed that there was an administrative constraint of urban poor sector of the two cities to access essential services in their respective barangays. Root causes of lopsided economic opportunities and government privileges across urban barangays were identified. Hence, local government and business sector must work together to meet the demands of the grass roots through increasing job opportunities and a minimum wage to meet the daily cost of living.

KEYWORDS: Barriers to access, Basic services, Urban poor, Dipolog and Dapitan City

References:

[1.] Akerele, D. and Adewuyi, S.A. (2011). Analysis of Poverty Profile and Socioeconomic Determinants of Welfare Among Urban Households of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences, Maxwell Scientific Organization.

[2.] Baker, Judy and Schuler, Nina. (2004). Analyzing Urban Poverty: A Summary of Methods and Approaches. World Bank Policy Research Working Papers No. 3399.

[3.] Chambers, R. and Conway G. (1992). Rural Development: Putting the Last First, Harlow: Longman.

[4.] Coudel, Aline, Hentschel, J and Wodon, Quentin (2002). Poverty Measurement and Analysis PRSP Sourcebook Washington D.C. World Bank pp 29 -37.

[5.] Foster, James, J. Greer and Eric Thorbecke. 1984. “A class of decomposable poverty measures,” Econometrica, 52(3): 761-765.

[6.] Hewko, Smoyer – Tonic K E, Hodgson, M. J. (2002). Measuring Neighborhood Spatial Accessibility to Urban Amenities: Does Aggregation Error Matter? Environment and Planning, 34 (7): 1185- 1206.

[7.] Holcombe, R. G.(2007). Public Goods. McGraw Hill.

[8.] Titumir, Rashed Al Mahmud and Hossain, Jakir. (2004). Barriers to Access to Public Services for the Urban Poor: An Enquiry into Dhaka Slums. Department of Development Studies, University of Dhaka, Vol. 27.

Abstract:

This study was conducted to determine the growth and survival of GIFT fry/fingerlings reared in a 150-liter concrete ponds with salinities of 5, 10, 15 ppt respectively. Results revealed that GIFT fry at salinity level of 15 ppt exhibited growth superiority (4.03 cm length; 5.94 g weight) followed by the fry exposed to 10 ppt salinity (3.64 cm; 5.24 g weight). Slow growth was manifested among the fry under 5 ppt salinity level (3.27 cm length; 4.61 g weight).Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant difference in both the lengths and weights of the fry. T-test results showed that the significant difference in length existed between the fry under treatments 5 ppt and 15 ppt while significant variation in weight occurred between the fry exposed to 5 ppt and 15 ppt and between 10 ppt and 15 ppt. Complete survival (100 %) was obtained at 5 ppt and only 93 % at 10 ppt and 15 ppt. However, no significant difference existed in these salinity levels at 0.05 level of significance. Results of this study indicate that the growth of GIFT is affected by the salinity of rearing water. The ideal salinity ranges from 10 ppt to 15 ppt.

KEYWORDS AND PHRASES: salinity level, genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT), Oreochromis niloticus, part per thousand (ppt).

References:

[1.] Frese, Tomas J. 1999. “Tilapia Farming”. http://www.fisfarming. com/tilapia.

[2.] 2)Kamal, Mostafa and Mair, Graham C. 2005. Salinity Tolerance in Superior Genotypes of

[3.] Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus and Their Hybrids http://www. Science. com/science?

[4.] Nugon, Robert Welsh, Jr. 2003. “ Salinity Tolerance of Juveniles of Four Variety of Tilapia. Louisiana State University, Lousiana, U.S.A.

[5.] Ridha, Mohammad T. 2008. “Preliminary Observation on Salinity Tolerance of Three Sizes of the GIFT and Non-Improved Strains of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.

[6.] Tayamen, et. al.2003. Development of Tilapia For Saline Waters In The Phil.http://ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/ista/ista

[7.] Watanabe, et.al. 1985. “Experimental rearing of nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) for saltwater culture). ICLARM Technical Reports 14 (Taipei: Council for Agricultural Planning and Development; and Manila: International Center of Living Aquatic Resources Management).

Abstract:

 This paper describes the socioeconomic conditions of the small-scale fishers in the coastal towns of the first district of Zamboanga del Norte and attempts to describe their future conditions via scenario analysis (up to year 2020). Posteriori probability estimates show that the most likely scenario for the fishers in these municipalities is that they will remain poor and poorly educated so that their numbers would increase(for lack of alternative livelihood) and poverty incidence will significantly rise as well. Intervention through higher and technical education of the relatively young household members are needed to forestall the occurrence of the likely scenario in 2020.

KEYWORDS: small-scale fishers, socio-economic conditions, scenario analysis.

References:

[1.] Olasdoja, MA and Adeokun, OA. Analysis of Socio-Economic Constraints of Fisherfolks on Poverty Alleviation in Lagos State, Nigeria.

[2.] Orbeta, AC, Jr. (2005). Poverty, Fertility Preferences and Family Planning Practices in the Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS).

[3.] Orbeta, AC, Jr. (2002). Population and Poverty: A Review of the Links, Evidence, and Implications for the Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS).

[4.] Orbeta, AC. Jr. (2005). Poverty, Vulnerability, and Family Size: Evidence from the Philippines. Asian Development Bank Institute Discussion Paper.

[5.] Reyes, C.M. (2002). The Poverty Fight: Have We Made and Impact? Philippine Institute for Development Studies.

[6.] Librero, A. R.,R. F. Catalla, and R.M. Fabro.(1985). Socioeconomic Conditions of Small-

[7.] Scale Fishermen and Fish Farmers in the Philippines. In: Panayotou, T (ed.). Small-scale fisheries in Asia: socioeconomic analysis and policy. Ottawa, Ont., IDRC, 1985. 283 p.:III.

[8.] Umengan, Dinna. (2001). Addressing Poverty in Coastal Communities. National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC)

[9.] Sales, Ramon, F.M. (2008). Mainstreaming Community-based Adaptation to Climate Variability and Sea-level Rise into Integrated Coastal Management: The case of Cavite City, Philippines. Journal on Rural Reconstrtuction. Issue No. 13-2008, ISSN0119-210). ww.prrm.org/publications/comhab13/mainstreaming.htm

[10.] FAO Fisheries Department.(2002).The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture” (SOFIA).

Abstract:

This study investigated the economic partnerships among the traders in Zamboanga del Norte and Misamis Occidental strip through a geo-linguistic approach. Descriptive- survey method of research was employed. The oldest traders from each locality were interviewed and the data gathered were presented using the percentage, frequency distribution and attribution analysis. It revealed that majority of the traders having business tie-ups were coming from Ozamiz City and Dipolog City despite the geographical distance between the two cities; office and school supplies ranked first among the commodities being bartered; Cebuano and Mandarin were the languages commonly spoken by the abovementioned traders. This result is accounted to the languages spoken with 38.7 percent of attribution; 35 percent for the population size and 26.3 percent for the number of schools existing in the localities. It implies that the commonality of languages between traders is a topmost consideration in forging business partnerships for common understanding as well as the number of people and institutions in the locality that would directly be responsible for the bulk of demand and consumption of the goods being traded.

KEYWORDS AND PHRASES: geo-linguistic, historical analysis, economic trade-partners, Zamboanga del Norte and Misamis Occidental Strip

References:

[1.] Business Language for a Global Economy. 2010. http://hrd.apec.org/index.php

[2.] Hernandez-Campoy, Juan Manuel. (1996). “Paradigmatic Complementariness in Variation Studies”, (http://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/5955/ 1/RAEI12 06. pdf)

[3.] Hinner, Michael B. (2010). The Interrelationship of Business and Communication.

[4.] http://www.peterlang.com/download

[5.] Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue. Languages of the World (16th ed.). USA: SIL

[6.] International

[7.] Storper, Michael. (2004). Studies in Comparative International Development,

[8.] (http://www.sppsr.ucla.edu/up/webfiles/storperpaper3.pdf)

[9.] United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP).

[10.] Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2010.

[11.] Wiens, Elmer G. (2005), “Elmer’s English 304 Magazine First Nations Studies Linguistic and Commodity Exchanges”, (http://www.egwald.ca/ubcstudent/aboriginal/ exchanges. php)

Abstract:

 This investigation attempted to find out the statistical evidences of poverty reduction in the Province of Zamboanga del Norte from 2000 to 2010 due to the educational services in the province by profiling basic education, alternative learning system, vocational/technical education, and the higher institutions services. Results revealed that Zamboanga del Norte registered poverty reduction statistics for the past three survey periods: 2003, 2006 and 2009. Poverty incidence reduced by 5.4 percent from 2003 to 2006 and 1.2 percent from 2006 to 2009. However, the province still registered poverty incidence of 52.9 percent in 2009 which indicated that more than 50 percent of its households were still living below poverty line. The study revealed further that poverty reduction statistics did not strongly link to the educational services in the province.

KEYWORDS: poverty reduction statistics, attributable, education services

References:

[1.] Asian Development Bank (2009). Poverty in the Philippines: Causes, Constrainst, and Opportunities. Retrieved February 7, 2012 from http://www.adb.org/documents/Books/Poverty-Philippines-Causes-Constraints-Opportunities/Poverty-Philippines-Causes-Constraints-Opportunities.pdf

[2.] Bonal, X. (2007). On Global Absences: Reflections on the Failings in the Education and Poverty Relationship in Latin American Countries. International Journal of Educational Development, 27,86-100.

[3.] Bradshaw, T. K. (2006). Theories of Poverty and Anti-Poverty programs in community Development, Working Paper Series, No. 06-05. Rural Poverty Research Center, Columbia.

[4.] Bramley,G. and Karley, K.N. (2005). Home-Ownership, Poverty and Educational Achievement: Individual, School and Neighbourhood Effects. CRSIS Research Report, www.crsis.hw.ac.uk.

[5.] Tilak, J.B.G. (2005). Post Elementary Education, Poverty and Development in India. International Journal of Educational Development, 27,435-445.