Abstract:

This literature review analyzes the drivers and barriers to technology adoption by African small and medium enterprises. To achieve this, previous literature on the subject was examined. The paper critically evaluates prior research on the topic and identifies gaps in the existing literature. The integrative approach was used in this literature review. The adoption factors and barriers to technology by African small and medium enterprises were synthesized by analyzing the different documents. Finally, new research directions were proposed.

Keywords: Technology, Adoption, Barriers, SMEs.

References:

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Abstract:

Background: EAC helps clients overcome adherence hurdles and improve ART adherence. This study examines the effect of EAC on viral load suppression. Method: This quantitative study aims to determine the impacts of enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) on viral load in Defence Headquarters Medical Center, Abuja, Nigeria. The medical records of HIV clients on ART included in EAC were extracted from the hospital and analyzed to determine the impacts of EAC on viral loads suppression of clients in the program. Result: Almost half of the PLWHIV in EAC have been on ART for 6-10 years (47.6%), 42.9% for more than ten years, and 9.5% have been on ART for 1 – 5 years. 76.2% of respondents were on the 1st line of the ART regimen, while 23.8% were on the 2nd line. 97.6% of clients enrolled for EAC were at the WHO stage I HIV infection, and only one (2.4%) was in stage IV. 50% tested for viral load was due to viral blip, 28.6% due to unsuppressed viral load and 21.4% were tested to monitor their VL. Furthermore, of the 33 clients with viral load results, 14 (42.4%) had very low-level viremia (<50 copies/ml), 10 (30.3%) had low-level viremia (50–1000 copies/ml), but 9 (27.3%) still had high-level viremia (>1000 copies/ml). 42.9% enrolled for EAC because of pill burdens, 31.0% due to irregular dosing frequency, 19.0% because of pill social problems, and 2.1% were people lost to follow-up returned..

Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy, EAC, Viral load.

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Abstract:

In this study, how to increase performance and productivity through motivation is of primary interest in Onyix and Company Nigeria Limited. The lack of motivation has formed the bedrock of anti-work vices which is a problem hindering the achievement of organisational goals and objectives. Motivation connotes how to make employees work optimally in the pursuit of the organisational goal. Descriptive research method and different motivational theories were used to identify and proffer solutions on issues affecting worker’s productivity. To achieve this, a survey using the questionnaire was done to gather data, inferences from the responses were drawn. Systematic sampling method was used in selecting the sample size from the population of staff in Onyix and Company Nigeria Limited. Obstacles that impeded workers motivation were established, these obstacles were analysed, a long time and immediate strategies for achieving improvement in the productivity of the organisation through motivation was the focus of this research. Three hypotheses were formulated, and conclusion was drawn from these hypotheses. Calculation and analysis were obtained using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to get the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient while the Chi Square analysis was used to analyse the stated hypotheses. Summary of the findings was carried out, it was evident that the low productivity of the employees is attributed to several management functions, provision of inadequate incentive, supervision, work methods etc, these key factors hinder higher productivity. Recommendation and conclusion were drawn from the analysed data.

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Abstract:

Overseas development assistance (ODA) for HIV from bilateral donors other then the US has fallen 57% in the last decade. HIV responses in low- and middle-income countries is $8 billion short for 2025. Donors want national governments to gradually take over HIV responses to maintain program gains and investments. Programs with greater sustainability capacity can maintain positive outcomes and benefits over time. We examine Nigeria's donor funded KP HIV program for sustainability. A mixed-methods approach using Washington University Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT) to survey perspectives of key informants from HIV stakeholders. Overall and domain mean scores and standard deviation determined, and quantitative analysis conducted using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. Thematic analysis was applied to open-ended questions from key informant interviews. A total of 24 consenting respondents participated. Overall mean sustainability score was 4.72. Highest mean scoring domains were program adaptation (5.6) and program evaluation (5.59), lowest means scores were partnerships (3.17) and funding stability (3.56). Sociocultural and political contexts hinder strategic behavioral change communication to promote KP and quality services. Suboptimal political support, funding insecurity, limited partnerships, and donor-driven strategic planning cycles threaten the program's sustainability.

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Abstract:

Acceptability of antituberculosis drugs by affected caregivers and children is key to disease elimination. This is affected by many factors including drug, patients, and health institution-related factors. This study aims to assess the influence of the introduction of dispersible formulation on acceptability of antituberculosis drugs. A historical cohort design was used to assess and compare the acceptability of old loose non-dispersible and new dispersible antituberculosis drugs, using a convergent parallel mixed method of data collection. Determinants of tuberculosis drug acceptability were assessed using binary logistic regression. The findings were triangulated with results from the qualitative data. The rate of acceptability of the new dispersible formulation, 112 (88.2%) was significantly higher than the rate of acceptability of old loose non-dispersible drugs, 13 (10.5%), p<0.001. The median age of children with good acceptability, 7.0 (4.0 – 10.0) years was significantly lower than those with poor acceptability, 10.0 (8.0 – 13.0) years, p <0.001. Drug formulation was a significant predictor of acceptability; the fixed-dose dispersible drug had a higher probability of being acceptable relative to lose non-dispersible formulation, (Odd Ratio = 62.3, p <0.001, 95% CI= 25.3 – 153.3). The qualitative data showed that health education about tuberculosis has positive influences on drug acceptability. In conclusion, the formulation of drugs is a key factor in the acceptability of antituberculosis drugs. Hence, there is a need to further promote the recently introduced child-friendly antituberculosis drugs, coupled with strengthening the health education of caregivers to achieve tuberculosis elimination.

References:

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to explore perceived food taboos during pregnancy and their relation to maternal nutritional status and health outcomes. The study was guided by the following objectives: To investigate food taboos identified for pregnant women in Namwala District, to identify dietary taboos that were embraced by the Women and to highlight nutritional challenges related to dietary taboos during pregnancy. Descriptive research design was used as the framework for carrying out the study with an estimated population comprising pregnant women who attended and received antenatal services at various clinics. From this estimated population, a sample comprising 74 pregnant women was selected using Purposive sampling method. SPSS V25 was used to analyze the raw data descriptively. The results clearly showed widespread practice of food taboos during pregnancy and the main reason for adherence was culture. The following interventions were recommended: Developing a team of community care givers, with the inclusion of traditional leadership to help break the barrier of food taboos in maternal nutrition. The Ministry of Education can spearhead a curriculum with maternal nutritional education in the school curriculum as early as primary school level in order to discourage people from observing detrimental food taboos. Ante-natal Clinics should include awareness strategies and a Health Feeding Programme in order to provide nutritious meals to pregnant women whist attending antenatal, like School Health Nutrition (SHN) in schools. This strategy would increase ante-natal attendance with definite positive health outcomes among them, reduction in the number of Pre-term births in Zambia.

References:

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[22] K. Kouser Banu*1, A. Prathipa2, B. Anandarajan1, A. Mohamed Ismail Sheriff3, S. Muthukumar1 and J. Selvakumar1 Riang’a, R.M., Broerse, J. & Nangulu, A.K. Food beliefs and practices among the Kalenjin pregnant women in rural Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 13, 29 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-017-0157-8.

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Abstract:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a term applied to a variety of clinical conditions ranging from asymptomatic presence of bacteria in the urine to severe infection of the kidney with resultant sepsis. The study was designed to identify the bacteria associated with urinary tract infection among children attending Federal staff hospital, Abuja and to ascertain their antibiogram. Mid-stream urine samples were collected from the subjects enrolled into the study and were cultured into Cysteine Lactose electrolyte deficient medium and Blood agar and incubated appropriately. The plates were read and isolated were subjected to biochemical reactions and antibiogram were carried out on pathogenic organisms. The results showed the overall prevalence of 10.8% urinary tract infections among the studied subjects. The females subject had the highest prevalence of 91.7% while the male counterpart recorded 8.3%. The age groups 1-5 years had the highest prevalence of 50.0% while least prevalent of 16.7% were recorded by age group 6 to 10 years old. Escherichia coli was the highest isolated with 51.7% while Proteus Species and Streptococcus faecalis recorded the prevalence of 2.5% respectively. This study concluded that urinary tract infections is very common among children attending Federal staff hospital in Abuja.

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Abstract:

Despite the introduction of Total Quality Management (TQM), there is a general observation of customer dissatisfaction surrounding service provision by the companies in the downstream petroleum sector in Ghana. This research sought to assess the impact of TQM on customer satisfaction with regards to the downstream petroleum sector in Ghana. A sample size of 360 respondents, consisting of 290 customers, 60 staffs and 10 management staffs across different companies within Accra was used for the study. The study revealed that successful implementation of TQM has a major and significant impact on customers’ satisfaction. TQM relies of the principle of stakeholder participation and involvement. There was however a shortfall with this principle as it was identified that staff of companies within the industry did not adequately involve themselves in rolling out the TQM concept. The study recommends management of the company to ensure full participation of all. The study revealed that the successful implementation of TQM has a significant effect customer satisfaction. However, the principle of participation and involvement by staff in the quality management chain was found not to be encouraging as staffs have not been adequately involved in rolling out the TQM concept in their companies. The study concludes that management of the companies in the sector should ensure full participation of all employees in the implementation of TQM through effective communication mechanisms to integrate quality disciplines into the culture and quality service activities of the company.

References:

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[2] Adusa-Poku, N. Y., & Anokye, R. (2020). Proposed Framework for Applying Total Quality Management in Construction Industry in Ghana. International Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 9(3): 92-98.

[3] Emeje, M., Ekere, K., Olayemi, O., Isimi, C., & Gamaniel, K. (2019). Total Quality Management in a Resource-Starved Nation. In Quality Management and Quality Control-New Trends and Developments. IntechOpen.

[4] Owusu-Kyei, M., Kong, Y., Owusu Akomeah, M., & Owusu Afriyie, S. (2023). Assessing the Influence of Total Quality Management on Customer Satisfaction in the Telecom Industry: A TQM–SERVQUAL Perspective. Businesses, 3(2), 251-271.

[5] Al-Jarrah, M., Hailat, K., & Jarah, B. (2023). Total quality management and its role in improving customer relations in Jordanian Islamic banks. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 11(1), 119-126.

[6] Nguyen, T. L. H., & Nagase, K. (2019). The influence of total quality management on customer satisfaction. International journal of healthcare management, 12(4), 277-285.

[7] Anil, A. P., & Satish, K. P. (2019). An empirical investigation of the relationship between TQM practices, quality performance, and customer satisfaction level. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 26(1), 96-117.

[8] Amegayibor, G. K., & Korankye, C. O. (2021). Customer satisfaction and the influence of quality service aspects: A case study of a cooperative union in Cape Coast, Ghana’s Central Region. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 2(4), 253-269.

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[10] Abudu, H., & Sai, R. (2020). Examining prospects and challenges of Ghana’s petroleum industry: A systematic review. Energy Reports, 6, 841-858.

[11] Douglas, T. J., & Judge Jr, W. Q. (2001). Total quality management implementation and competitive advantage: the role of structural control and exploration. Academy of Management journal, 44(1), 158-169.

[12] Yidana, M. B., & Aboagye, G. K. (2017). Total Quality Management (TQM): A Continuous Improvement Framework for Boosting Higher Education in Ghana. International Journal of Education and Evaluation, 3(11), 37-47.

[13] Aquilani, B., Silvestri, C., & Ruggieri, A. (2016). Sustainability, TQM and value co-creation processes: The role of critical success factors. Sustainability, 8(10), 995

[14] Boateng‐Okrah, E., & Fening, F. A. (2012). TQM implementation: a case of a mining company in Ghana. Benchmarking: An International Journal. 19(6), 743-759.

[15] Prajogo, D. I., & Hong, S. W. (2008). The effect of TQM on performance in R&D environments: A perspective from South Korean firms. Technovation, 28(12), 855-863.

[16] Tena, A. B. E., Llusar, J. C. B., & Puig, V. R. (2001). Measuring the relationship between total quality management and sustainable competitive advantage: A resource-based view. Total quality management, 12(7-8), 932-938.

[17] Sadikoglu, E., & Zehir, C. (2010). Investigating the effects of innovation and employee performance on the relationship between total quality management practices and firm performance: An empirical study of Turkish firms. International journal of production economics, 127(1), 13-26.

[18] Fening, F. A., Pesakovic, G., & Amaria, P. (2008). Relationship between quality management practices and the performance of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management. 27(7), 694-708.

[19] Sharma, B. (2006). Quality management dimensions, contextual factors, and performance: an empirical investigation. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 17(9), 1231-1244.

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