Abstract:

This study investigates the influence of three common psychological factors, which are homesickness, cultural differences, and acceptance or fitting in, on the performance of students studying overseas. The study aims to provide detailed knowledge of how these factors can impact academic achievements, adjustments, and the overall well-being of students studying in foreign countries. With a qualitative research approach, the study includes a literature review, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of secondary data from different sources. The findings show that a significant challenge faced by students while studying abroad is homesickness, which leads to emotional distress, concentration problems, reduced motivation, and social interaction disadvantages. Cultural differences can also impose challenges for students as they locate unfamiliar norms, practices, and beliefs that impact their cognitive abilities, emotional well-being, and social skills. Moreover, acceptance or fitting in plays a significant role in the satisfaction and academic success of students with positive acceptance. self-confidence, social competence, and a sense of belonging is promoted. On the other hand, negative experiences can result in lowered self-worth, social isolation, and academic impairments. The study recognizes limitations like reliance on secondary data and emphasizes a limited number of psychological factors. Future recommendations include primary data collection, investigation of interactions between psychological factors, and longitudinal designs. This study reveals the significance of resolving psychological factors for supporting the academic performance and overall well-being of students studying overseas.

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Abstract:

A Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak characterized by fever, dry cough, fatigue, and with occasional gastrointestinal symptoms was initially reported in Wuhan, China, highly infectious and a mortality rate around 10%–15%. In Nigeria and FCT, the disease was confirmed on the 27th of February and 20th of March 2020 respectively. The objectives were to determine the epidemiological characteristics and transmission of COVID-19, to assess the socio-medical responses to COVID-19 in FCT, to recommend the mitigation and intervention strategies to the states and Nigeria as a whole and even globally. The study design was retrospective, 385 individuals were randomised selected in the study areas. The responses were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Confirmed cases was 23,239, 72 deaths, and a cumulative incidence (CI) was 6.7/ 100, 000 and a Cumulative Fatality rate (CFR) of 0.30%. Testing for the disease and vaccine uptake in FCT was very low and the psychological impact of COVID-19 on health workers was significantly very high, levels of depression, anxiety, worried about having enough to eat next week and worried about household finances was their major concern. The result reveals that 77.4% were depressed, 31.9% were nervous, 54.3% were worried about what they will eat next week and 66% were worried about their household finances.

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Abstract:

The Ministry in charge of Health in Mali has decided to involve the community in the fight against public health threats using mobile phones according to WHO guidelines. In this regard, a guide and standard tools for community-based electronic surveillance have been developed and tested in a pilot phase in the Kadiolo health district. After the training of the actors (community health workers “ASC”, health workers and epidemiological surveillance officers), all were equipped with telephony and data collection tools. To this end, CHWs send a coded message to health centers and districts every day. Then these messages are confirmed or invalidated by health workers through an investigation and the taking of samples for transport to the lab. The number of cases notified by CHWs via the electronic system was 1397 cases in 444 days, with 170 cases of illnesses and 1227 cases of events. This electronic early warning system enabled the notification of cases in less than 24 hours at the higher level. Also, the completeness of sending messages by district varied between [71 and 83%] and the cumulative average completeness of the three districts was around 77%. On average 72% of CHWs sent at least one message with a notification of 3.14 cases of illnesses and events per day. Mobile telephone is a suitable and less expensive means for the notification of diseases and events in real time.

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Abstract:

Virtual organisations have progressively pervaded the world where groups of workers implement boundaryless, concurrent, and cooperative job processes outside physical job environments. This is made possible by internet accessibility; and information, communication, and technology (ICT) which organises and integrates employees’ abilities and assets for the sole purpose of achieving the overall organisational goal. Virtual jobs offer fresh management problems in comparison to conventional in-person job habits. Human resource specialists reveal that various managers suffered from deficient capabilities and power during COVID-19 lockdown in comparison to conventional working environment management. A meta-evaluative research was conducted in order to conceptualize an evidence-based synopsis on virtual administration of remote-working employees and propose an applicable conceptual framework. The research utilised sixteen peer-reviewed published articles on management of virtual remote-working employees between 2020 and 2023. The results were able to systematically demonstrate remote working procedures of diverse organizations facilitated by virtual processes and technologies, and strategic human resources management model as well as collaborative methodologies that empowered the peculiar COVID-19 virtual workspaces. Communication, information technology and managerial proficiencies are paramount for managers of employees in such settings. Consequently, a conceptual framework for management of remote-working employees have been designed containing managerial expertise, trainings, ICT and environmental components. Managers are required to have the necessary abilities required to anticipate diverse circumstances and to prepare beforehand activities that counter likely contradictions and disputes. Virtual remote-working groups deliver great prospects; thus, managers should aim to capitalise on its benefits while seeking to minimise its drawbacks.

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Abstract:

Maternal mortality is a function of economic underdevelopment. Obstetric complications are the major cause of maternal mortality. Early detection, rapid transportation and prompt care utilizing Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (EmONC) can help end preventable maternal mortality. However, poor referral transportation limits utilization of lifesaving EmONC in least developed countries. Korea International Cooperation Agency supported Ghana to implement a 5-year Primary Health Care project in Upper East region in 2016. This project had a Community Emergency Transport System (CETS) component. CETS was implemented using customized ‘motorking’ tricycle ambulances to strengthen maternal referral transportation. We conducted cost-effectiveness analysis to determine CETS’ value-for-money (VfM). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and incremental net-benefit (INB) were estimated. The study perspective was societal. The comparator was traditional transportation system (TTS). The cost-effectiveness threshold was Ghana’s GDP for 2020 (USD2,254.15/GH₵11,045.34). The study respondents were women with pregnancy experience in 2020 within the project area who utilize a referral transport. Respondents were randomly selected from CETS and TTS areas. Primary and secondary data were collected at households and health facilities respectively. Data was analyzed with STATA 15.0. The ICER computed was GH₵559.69 (USD114.22). CETS was deemed cost-effective because ICER was below the cost-effectiveness threshold. The net-benefit was GH₵31,456.96 (USD6,419.79). The INB was less than zero (-2002.61) implying CETS was not cost-effective. There was a conflict between ICER and INB on VfM of CETS. Affordability should be considered in Policy adoption.

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Abstract:

To date, clinical data on long-term clinical outcomes, including 6-month mortality and relapse in talaromycosis (Tm) patients and impacts of ART and secondary antifungal prophylaxis are still lacking. We conducted a secondary data analysis from 6-month prospective observation of patients with culture-confirmed talaromycosis who participated in the Itraconazole versus Amphotericin B for HIV-associated Talaromycosis (IVAP) trial. The primary outcome was 6-month Tm mortality, while the secondary outcome was relapse. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify predictors of outcomes of interest. The median patient age was 34 years (IQR:30 – 38). The median pre-ART CD4 counts at baseline were 10 (IQR: 5-21) cells/µL. The cumulative 76/435 (17.4%) patients died, and Tm relapse was observed in 18/435 (4.1%) patients. The multivariable analyses showed that strong independent predictors of 6-month Tm mortality included ineffective ART (either absence of ART or ART failure) (HR = 6.26, 95% CI: 3.95 – 9.92, P < 0.001), and TB co-infection (HR =1.98, 95% CI: 1.23 – 3.17; P < 0.01). Induction antifungal treatment with itraconazole versus amphotericin B deoxycholate was significantly associated with Tm death in the univariable model, however, it became insignificant in the multivariable model. In addition, the significant risk factors for Tm relapse were ineffective ART, induction antifungal treatment with itraconazole than intravenous amphotericin B, and shorter duration of itraconazole secondary prophylaxis after completing induction therapy in-hospital (all with significant P-values). Antiretroviral therapy, antifungal treatment and tuberculosis co-infection were main predictors for 6-month Tm fatality as well as relapse.

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Abstract:

The study aims to discover how promotional pricing affects marketing performance at MTN in Nigeria's Enugu State. Multiple linear regressions were employed to evaluate the hypotheses, and a quantitative research approach was used. An explanatory research approach was used to investigate and explain the effect of promotional pricing on marketing performance. The probability sampling method, which selects the sample using stratified randomization, was employed in this investigation. The sample size was calculated using the RAOSOFT sample size calculator, which suggested a sample size of 297. Factor analysis was then performed to test the validity of the numerous scale items that make up the subconstruct in the model. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Cronbach's alpha were used to test the data's sufficiency, appropriateness, and robustness. The SPSS 28.0 version was used to analyse the information gathered from respondents. The findings demonstrate that promotional pricing influences customer satisfactions, brand switching, and customer loyalty among MTN consumers in Enugu State, Nigeria. The outcomes further support the model's applicability and robustness in evaluating the correlations among the variables that are important to this investigation. It is advised that MTN in Nigeria's Enugu State take customer pleasure into account as a precondition for boosting customer loyalty through special pricing. The paper ends with a call for additional research to examine the model's applicability and robustness in a wide range of contexts and industries.

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Abstract:

Previous studies have shown that geographic niche was a significant risk factor for developing T. marneffei (Tm) infection, and to date there are still lacking data of impact of economic status on the prevalence of Tm. Thus, we conducted this study, aiming to examine the correlation between prevalence of talaromycosis among HIV/AIDS-infected adult population and Asian country income, reported by World Bank data. A comprehensive medical literature review was performed to estimate the prevalence of T. marneffei infection among HIV/AIDS-infected adult population in Tm endemic and non-endemic countries and country income in Asia. Linear regression analyses were used to study the associations between Tm prevalence and Asian country income. Both unadjusted and adjusted models with Tm geographic distribution were analysed. A total of 48 Asian countries were included in the statistical analysis. Geographic distribution of talaromycosis was divided into three main regions: (i) Region 1: Regions of highest incidence of talaromycosis (>100 Tm cases reported in literature); (ii) Region 2: Endemic Tm countries and (iii) Region 3: Countries of imported or travel-associated Tm cases. Estimated Tm prevalence in the three regions were 3.9%, 2% and 0.02%, respectively. There was no statistical difference in GDP among three regions (P = 0.70). The linear regression analyses showed no associations between prevalence estimates of talaromycosis and Asian country income in both unadjusted and adjusted for geographic distribution of T. marneffei (P = 0.83). Most markedly, country geography is still a significant risk factor for T. marneffei infection (P < 0.001).

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Abstract:

The study examined the effect of electronic service quality on customer loyalty with specific reference to the telecommunications sector of Botswana. In this context, the study focused on the players in the mobile telecommunications sector of Botswana, that is, BTC, Mascom and Orange Botswana. The study adopted a quantitative survey that was guided by the positivist research philosophy. The study sample comprised of 450 subscribers of mobile telecommunication services in Botswana who took part in an online survey undertaken through a structured questionnaire. The analysis of research data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences in which multiple linear regression analysis was adopted as the method of data analysis. The study found that the efficiency of e-services had a significant positive effect on customer loyalty of mobile telecommunication service subscribers in Botswana (β = 0.751, p = 0.000<0.05). It was also found that there existed a significant direct relationship between fulfilment and customer loyalty of mobile telecommunication service subscribers in Botswana (R = 0.519, p = 0.000<0.05). The study further found that there existed a significant positive relationship between service availability and customer loyalty of mobile telecommunication service subscribers in Botswana (β = 0.638, p = 0.000<0.05). The study concluded that efficiency, fulfilment, and service availability had a significant positive effect in customer loyalty in the telecommunications sector of Botswana. The study recommended the improvement of service efficiency; mitigating regular transaction timeouts; enhancing customer knowledge management and customer relationship management; undertaking of gap analysis and conducting of quality circles.

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Abstract:

References:

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[11] Conforti, F., Pala, L., Bagnardi, V., De Pas, T., Martinetti, M., Viale, G., Gelber, R. D., & Goldhirsch, A. (2018). Cancer immunotherapy efficacy and patients' sex : a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. Oncology, 19(6), 737–746. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29778737.

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[17] FDA (2023) Takes Additional Steps to Advance Decentralized Clinical Trials.

[18] Van Norman G. A. (2021). Decentralized Clinical Trials: The Future of Medical Product Development?.JACC. Basic to translational science, 6(4), 384–387. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33997523.

[19] de Jong, A. J., van Rijssel, T. I., Zuidgeest, M. G. P., van Thiel, G. J. M. W., Askin, S., Fons-Martínez, J., De Smedt, T., de Boer, A., Santa-Ana-Tellez, Y., Gardarsdottir, H., &Trials@Home Consortium (2022). Opportunities and Challenges for Decentralized Clinical Trials: European Regulators' Perspective. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 112(2),344–352. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /35488483/.

[20] Suman, A., van Es, J., Gardarsdottir, H., Grobbee, D. E., Hawkins, K., Heath, M. A., Mackenzie, I. S., van Thiel, G., Zuidgeest, M. G. P., & Trials@Home Consortium (2022). A cross-sectional survey on the early impact of COVID-19 on the uptake of decentralised trial methods in the conduct of clinical trials. Trials, 23(1), 856. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36203202/.

[21] Nolan, I. M.; Tsolovska, A (2021.). Decentralised clinical trial adoption: lessons learnt from the pandemic. Regulatory Rapporteur. 18(9):26-30, https://www.ppd.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Regulatory-Rapporteur-2021-09-Regulatory-Intelligence.pdf.

Abstract:

Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus and largely affects children under the age of 05. Our descriptive study concerned the analysis of suspected cases of poliomyelitis notified from week 01 to 17 in the health district of Kolondièba in 2023. During this period six (06) cases of AFP were notified by Community Health Centers (CHC) from Diaka (02 cases), Kolosso (01 case), Central (02 cases) and Fakola (01 case) case imported from the Ivory Coast in search of care. Their age range was 0-4 years and presented paralysis of the lower limbs for some and upper for others. Vaccination coverage with oral polio vaccine in the first quarter in Diaka and Kolosso was> 95%, on the other hand, Central and Kolosso had a rate <95%. The female gender accounted for 66.67% of cases with a sex ratio of 0.6. The attack rate was 8.91 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Only three of the six (06) cases received at least three doses of vaccine. The risk factors were the uncontrolled migratory flow and the inaccessibility of health centers. The assessment of the living environment did not show any environmental risk factors. The survey made it possible to build the capacity of service providers on the surveillance of notifiable diseases, raise public awareness of risk factors, the declaration of children under 15 with paralysis regardless of the cause at the health center. and compliance with the vaccination schedule.

References:

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[3] Public Health Ontario [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 9]. Poliomyelitis (polio) and acute flaccid paralysis. Available at: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Health-Topics/Immunization/Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases/Poliomyelitis.

[4] Kuss JJ. The Global Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative: a long road strewn with pitfalls. Public health. 2011;23(1):55 ‑60.

[5] WHO. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 – Global update [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 10]. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus-type-2-global-update.

[6] Conté A, Sawadogo B, Gbamou N, Kouawo M, Yanogo P, Otshadiandjeka J, et al. Epidemiological profile of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from 2009 to 2018 in Guinea. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health [Internet]. 2021 Sep 24 [cited 2023 Aug 9];4(7). Available at: https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/series/4/3/7/full/.

[7] Yapo FB, Doumbia-Ouattara M, Kouame LK, Boa SCN, Diakite I, Kouame-Assouan AE, et al. Role of acute anterior poliomyelitis (AAP) in acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children in Côte d'Ivoire (CI). African Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2015;34(2):41 ‑7.

[8] Wilkinson AL, Diop OM, Jorba J, Gardner T, Snider CJ, Ahmed J. Surveillance to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication - Worldwide, 2020-2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Apr 15 ;71(15):538 ‑44.

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[12] Alagnide EH, Kpadonou TG, Hans Moevi AA, Niama Natta D, Azanmasso H, Tonouheoua OAG. Acute flaccid paralysis in children in Benin: topographical and etiological aspects. Journal of Medical Rehabilitation: Practice and Training in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2015 Mar 1;35(1):5 ‑9.

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[24] Wyne H. Sensitivity of the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system for poliovirus in South Africa, 2016–2019 - PMC [Internet]. 2019 [cité 15 août 2023]. Disponible sur : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8604170/.

Abstract:

Parasuicide has become one of the major public health problems worldwide. The WHO is estimated that for every suicide that occurs worldwide, there are up to 20 suicide attempts; however reliable data are not available for most countries. Furthermore, much less is known about attempted suicide across the African continent. Therefore, it was opportune to conduct such project which will provide some valuable statistics on Parasuicide in Botswana. The major objective is to establish the characteristics of Parasuicide at the Princess Marina hospital. Therefore, a retrospective descriptive design (188 patients with Parasuicide) was conducted at the emergency room (January - December 2015). The prevalence of parasuicide is estimated at 0.88%. Overall, females are predominant (79.7%). The age group 21-30 is predominant, mostly students. The factors influencing parasuicide are passional conflict (30.8%), family conflict (20.7%), and social problems (7.9%). Toxic agents (88.2%) were largely used, mostly by females. Among the toxic agents, pharmaceuticals (68.62%) and chemicals (17.55%) were predominant. The overall outcome is largely good (98%). Although patients were widely managed by internal medicine (75.53%), a multidisciplinary approach was established in 10.64% of cases. The study demonstrates that there was no correlation between waiting time, the code of severity and the outcome, as well as the deranged blood and the outcome. In conclusion, Characteristics, and management of Parasuicide were studied. The findings are above described. Further studies may be necessary to elaborate different parameters of parasuicide.

References:

[1] Simsek, Z., Demir, C., Er, G., & Munir, K. M. (2013). ‘Evaluation of attempted suicide in emergency departments in Sanliurfa province, southeastern Turkey’. Zeitschrift Fur Gesund heits wissensch aften = Journal of Public Health, 21(4), 325–331. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-013-0558-7.

[2] René F.W. Diekstra (2007) ‘The epidemiology of suicide and parasuicide, Pages 1-29 | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811119608258991.

[3] HM Kunda. (2007) ‘Psychosocial Causes of Suicide among Youth and Its M M H Implications on the Family: lessons for Botswana’, Google search, https://ubrisa.ub.bw/bitstream/handle/10311/1373/Kunda,H.M.pdf?sequence.

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[5] Becky Mars et al. (2014) ‘Suicidal behaviour across the African continent: a review of the literature’. BMC public health, 14, 1-14.

[6] Ntambwe Malangu. (2011) ‘Acute poisoning in three African countries: Botswana, South Africa, and Uganda.

[7] Last,J.M.(2001) ‘a dictionary of epidemiology’, New York: oxford university press.

[8] Suleiman M.A. & al. (1986) ‘Psychosocial profile of the parasuicidal patient in Kuwait’. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 32(3), 16-22.

[9] N. Malangu BPharm, MMEDSci (Pharmacology), PhD (2008) ‘Characteristics of acute poisoning at two referral hospitals in Francistown and Gaborone, South African Family Practice, 50:3, 67-67c, Doi:10.1080/20786204.2008.10873722.

[10] Kinyanda E. et al, (2005) ‘Negative life events associated with deliberate self-harminan African population in Uganda. ‘Crisis; 26(1):4–11.

[11] M. Obida & al. (2013) ‘Reasons for parasuicide among patients admitted to Tshilidzini Hospital, Limpopo Province: Aqualitative study’, SAfr J. Psych 2013; +19(4): 222-225.DOI:10.7196/SAJP.452.

[12] Massimo Carlo & al. 2005 ‘Parasuicide and drug self-poisoning: analysis of the epidemiological and clinical variables of the patients admitted to the Poisoning Treatment Centre (CAV)’, Niguarda General Hospital, Milan Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health 20051:5 DOI:10.1186/1745-0179-1-5.

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Abstract:

A maternal near miss (MNM) event is a severe life-threatening maternal morbidity that reflects quality of obstetric care. It is considered a proxy of maternal mortality and predictor of quality obstetric care. The major underlying causes of MNM are hypertensive disorders, obstetric hemorrhage, sepsis and abortion complications. MNM is a more frequent event than maternal mortality and share several features together. Inquiries intodeficiencies andcritical assessment of health care quality, identify health system deficiencies, and help develop robust strategies for maternal care. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to determine the prevalence and underlying causes of MNM. The study respondents were women aged 15 - 49 years with pregnancy experience in 2020 who had health facility care. Primary and secondary data were collected at households and health facilities respectively using electronic platform, KoBoCollect. STATA version 15.0 was used to analyze the data. The prevalence of MNM was 11.30%. The main underlying causes were complications of caesarean section, hypertensive disorders, anemia, obstructed labor, and antepartum hemorrhage. The main signal functions of emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) employed to avert death were parenteral antibiotics, blood transfusion, caesarean section, and magnesium sulphate. The prevalence of MNM in the Upper East region was high. The region can reduce severe maternal morbidity and mortality by strengthening health systems, improving access to high-quality obstetric care and training healthcare providers to prevent and treat the major underlying causes of MNM identified in this study.

References:

[1] Asaye, M.M., 2020, Proportion of maternal near-miss and its determinants among northwest Ethiopian women: a cross-sectional study. Int J of reprod Medicine. Access from https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5257431.

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[6] Say L., Souza J.P., and Pattinson R.C., 2009, Maternal near miss–towards a standard tool for monitoring quality of maternal health care. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.01.007 PMID: 19303368.

[7] Geleto, A., Chojenta, C., Taddele, T., Loxton, D., 2020, Incidence of maternal near miss among women in labour admitted to hospitals in Ethiopia. Midwifery, 82 (102597).

[8] Habte, A., & Wondimu, M., 2021, Determinants of maternal near miss among women admitted to maternity wards of tertiary hospitals in Southern Ethiopia: a hospital based case-control study. PLoS ONE 16(5): e0251826. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251826.

[9] Kalhan, M., Singh, S., Punia, A., & Prakash, J., 2017, Maternal near miss audit: lessons to be learnt. International journal of applied & basic medical research, 7 (2), 85-87. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-516X.205815.

[10] Tolesa, D., Abera, N., Worku, M., Wassihun, B., 2021, Prevalence and associated factors with maternal near-miss among pregnant women at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama region, Ethiopia. Int J Womens Health Wellness 7:127. https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510127.

[11] Gebrehiwot, Y., & Tewolde, B. T., 2014, Improving maternity care in Ethiopia through facility-based review of maternal deaths and near misses. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 127: S29-S34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.08.003.

[12] Teshome, H.N., Ayele, E.T., Hailemeskel, S., Yimer, O., Mulu, G.B., &Tadese M., 2022, Determinants of maternal near-miss among women admitted to public hospitals in North Shewa zone, Ethiopia. A case-control study. Front. Public Health 10:996885. htpps://doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.996885; Accessed from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.996885/full#:~:text=Maternal%20near%2Dmiss%20remains%20a,was%201.4%25%20(11).

[13] Firoz, T., Trigo Romero, C. L., Leung, C., Souza J.P., & Tunçalp, Ö., 2022, Global and regional estimates of maternal near miss: a systematic review, meta-analysis and experiences with application. BMJ Glob Heal., 7: e007077. https://doi.10.1136/bmjgh-007077. Access from https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/7/4/e007077.full.pdf.

[14] Tuncalp, Ö., Hindin, M. J., Adu-Bonsaffoh, K., Adanu, R., 2012, Listening to women’s voices: the quality of care of women experiencing severe maternal morbidity, in Accra, Ghana. PLoS ONE 7(8): e44536. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044536.

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[16] Adeoye, I. A., Onayade, A. A., and Fatusi, A. O., 2013, Incidence, determinants and perinatal outcomes of near miss maternal morbidity in Ile-Ife Nigeria: a prospective case control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth., 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-93 PMID: 23587107.

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[21] Say L., et al., 2014, Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 2(6): e323–e333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X PMID: 25103301.

[22] Begum, K., 2018, Maternal near miss: an indicator for maternal health and maternal care, Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, 36 (1) 1–3.

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Abstract:

This study explores how social classroom contracts impact students with learning disabilities. The way that students behave and interact has a direct bearing on how they are taught and learned. The research uses a quantitative method to identify the elements influencing the formation of classroom social contracts, explore how they relate to the student code of conduct, and emphasize the beneficial effects of classroom social contracts for students with learning disabilities. The research shows that giving students a choice and a voice in establishing a social contract in the classroom empowers them to take charge of their education and recognize their potential to make a difference. The student code of conduct, a set of rules and expectations for behaviour in the school setting, is also strongly tied to the classroom social contract. Additionally, classroom social contracts give students a stronger feeling of independence and accountability, promoting a socially conscious and active learning environment. This study emphasizes the transformative potential of social classroom contracts for students with learning disabilities with the possibility of increasing their attendance, engagement, and achievement.

References:

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Abstract:

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed tremendous burdens on healthcare workers (HCWs), accounting for over 1.4 million HCW infections and 10% of global fatalities. HCWs faced elevated infection risk, psychological distress, long working hours, fatigue, stigma, and violence. While vaccines are pivotal in reducing severe illness, HCW vaccine hesitancy, given their role as advocates, jeopardizes vaccination coverage global goals and healthcare systems. Addressing this vaccine uptake is imperative through education, transparent communication, and support to safeguard HCWs’ safety and pandemic containment. This study assessed COVID-19 vaccination uptake among frontline HCWs in Kaduna State, Nigeria, and its impact on morbidity and mortality. Utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional approach, we analyzed secondary data from the Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS). The study encompassed HCWs in Kaduna State, excluding pregnant and lactating individuals, following national guidelines. Among 8095 HCWs tested for COVID-19, most were aged 31-40 years (35%), female (60.2%), and urban residents (70.3%). COVID-19 vaccination uptake was low at 17.4%, with 82.6% unvaccinated. COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with vaccination (p = 0.039). Although unvaccinated participants exhibited a higher mortality rate (60%) than vaccinated ones (40%), this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.209). In conclusion, this study unveiled insufficient vaccination uptake among HCWs, potentially impeding pandemic response. While vaccination seemed to positively impact disease outcomes, it didn’t significantly affect the infection risk. Addressing HCW vaccine hesitancy remains critical for achieving immunization goals and ensuring healthcare system safety.

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Abstract:

The general objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of internal control and corporate governance in the Ghanaian banking industry. The study was basically a case study based and was approached quantitatively. Five banks (Absa Bank Ghana, Ecobank, Standard chartered Bank, Agricultural Development Bank, and Ghana Commercial Bank) were sampled for the study. Four hundred (400) respondents from the above sampled banks helped offer meaningful and enough information to answer the study questions. Non-probability sampling was used for this study’s sample strategy. The study made use of questionnaires to gather the data. In analyzing the data, the study made use of descriptive statistics, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (w), correlations and regression analysis techniques. The study found that internal controls and corporate governance in the Ghanaian banking industry are effective. The results of the study confirm that internal auditors and staff have the role to review systems established to ensure compliance with policies, procedures, plans, laws, and regulations impacting operations and reports; to detect and prevent illegal practices; to report illegal acts; provide information to management; act with competence; make a report to the company about the problems and follow the corporate policy in ensuring effective internal control in the Ghanaian banking industry.

References:

[1] Bank of Ghana, “Banks & Specialized Deposit-Taking Institutions Act, 2016 (Act 930),” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.bog.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/banks-and-specialised-deposit-act-2016.pdf.

[2] Bank of Ghana, “Company Governance Directive, 2018 (CGD 2018),” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.bog.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/CGD-Corporate-Governance-Directive-2018-Final-For-PublicationV1.1.pdf.

[3] T. Arniati, D. A. Puspita, A. Amin, and K. Pirzada, “The implementation of good corporate governance model and auditor independence in earnings’ quality improvement.,” Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, no. Issues 7(1), pp. 188-200, 2019.

[4] W. C. Y. &. L. B. Shu, “Does corporate integrity improve the quality of internal control?” China Journal of Accounting Research, Vols. 407-427, no. 11(4), 2018.

[5] J. G. &. B. R. U. (. Jurakulovna, “Improving the Theoretical Framework of Internal Audit in the Corporate Governance System.” Middle European Scientific Bulletin, no. 19, pp. 345-348.

[6] OECD (2015), “G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance,” Paris.

[7] Bank of Ghana (2018), “Corporate Governance Directive 2018,” [Online]. Available: https://www.bog.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/CGD-Corporate-Governance-Directive-2018-Final-For-PublicationV1.1.pdf.

[8] Secuities and Exchange Commission (2020), “The Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies 2020 SEC/CD/001/10/2020,” [Online]. Available: https://sec.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/Final-Regulatory-Laws/Codes/Corporate_Governance_Code.pdf.

[9] Parliament of Ghana (2019), “Companies Act 2019, Act 992,” 2019. [Online]. Available: https://rgd.gov.gh/docs/Act%20992.pdf.

[10] Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2015), “Guidelines: Corporate Governance for Banks,” [Online]. Available: https://www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d328.pdf.

[11] F. A. A. &. M. H. (. Putra, “Effect of Internal Audit Quality on The Effectiveness Of Good Corporate Governance (Case Study At Pt Jasa Raharja).,” Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, no. 2(2), pp. 203-217.

[12] I. (. Gunawan, “Effective Corporate Governance to Prevent Fraud in Public Sector in Indonesia,” Asia Pacific Fraud Journal, no. 4(1), pp. 96-100.

[13] I. N. S. K. &. N. J. M. (. Nalukenge, “Corporate governance, ethics, internal controls and compliance with IFRS.,” Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting., vol. Vol. 16, no. No. 4, pp., pp. 764-786.

[14]  (OECD, 2008), The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance: A Boardroom Guide, OECD, 2008.

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Abstract:

The article describes relevant concepts and theories on Gender Representation and Electoral Legitimacy behaviours and barriers that obstruct global policies for gender equity model to a free and fair election. The limiting barriers and theories described, include Class-Conflict versus Representation Theory, Gender vs Culture, Electoral Legitimacy Deficit vs Dominance Theory, Machismo Culture, Institutional concept, Human Capital, Feminist Rights Concepts (FGF) and the UN Think, Assess, Consider, and Take Action (UNTACT) Concept. The article adopts a descriptive secondary qualitative method to gather data on the key theories, barriers and practices affecting gender representation electoral. Data collection include previous studies, articles, reports, publications, and Electoral Commission official documents already generated. These various sources of information gathered, was critically examined, reviewed, analysed, and synthesized to understand the context in which gender representation barriers exist. Research results indicted Nigeria Electoral process as extremely unreliable at the output-delivery process, and thus, criticised for having flaws and failing to completely enforce candidate electoral rules, which impacts female representation. However, the research contributed to a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding electoral theories, practices and their impact on electoral system’s legitimacy. Findings suggest, importance of challenging patriarchal electioneering structures, cultural norms, and power imbalances in the political sphere and the need for power dynamics to be examined critically, to deliver effective gender or female representation.

References:

[1] UN Election Assessment in Nigeria 2019. Retrieved from National Bureau of Statistics-Annual Report. https://www.nbs.gov.ng/electionreports 2019/.

[2] General Election Results in Nigeria 2023. Retrieved from Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) Report. https://www.inecnigeria.org/electionreports 2023/.

[3] INEC Press Conference Report 2019: Election Observers’ Evaluation. Retrieved from https://www.inecnigeria.org/electionreports/2019/

[4] International Women’s Day Conference 2023; “Embrace Equity” Campaign. Retrieved from Professor B. Awe Interview; https://www.internationalwomensday.com/.

[5] World Comparative Study Report 2021: Global data on Women in National Parliaments. Retrieved from Inter-parliamentary Union; https://www.ipu.org/2021 /Data Source Report/.

[6] Women Leadership Conference 2017: Nigerian Women and the Quest for Gender Integration: Retrieved from Professor B. Awe Interview; https://www.proshareng.com/.

[7] Electoral Act Reform 2022: Independent National Electoral Commission Document Report; 13 (109 A), 114 -524. Retrieved from https://www.inecnigeria.org/.

[8] Nigeria Gender Policy Review 2022: Millennium Development Goals. Retrieved from International Federation Electoral System, Nigeria Abuja. https://www.ifes.org.ng/gender policy review/.

[9] Nigeria Women in Governance Conference, 2023: Retrieved from National Institute for Legislative and Democratic Studies. https://www.nilds.gov.ng/.

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[11] Christensen, H. S., & Setala, A., 2020, A Matter of Life or Death: A Survey Experiment on the Perceived Legitimacy of Political Decision-Making. Journal of Parliamentary Affairs; Research Gate, 73 (3) 627-650. https://www.parliamentaryaffairsjournal.com/.

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Abstract:

Academic performance of students is usually dependent on the individual intellectual and cognitive ability. However, several students face issues with leaning performance, mainly in mathematics. This study examines the effects of three psychological variables—readiness, interest, and attitude—on students' performance on the mathematics portion of the Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) Exam. These elements need to be carefully considered because they have a big impact on how well pupils succeed in school. The complex characteristic of attitude, which is impacted by both heredity and experiences, shapes students' attitudes towards mathematics. Interest, which is described as a genuine love of the subject, influences learning outcomes through influencing students' engagement, motivation, and readiness, which comprises preparedness and personal qualities, affects students' ability to comprehend and apply mathematical concepts. The research proposes a conceptual framework that explains how these psychological factors impact performance on the CSEC Mathematics Examination. On the other side, enthusiastic attitudes and interest promote a supportive learning environment. Furthermore, traits like mentality and self-discipline affect pupils' preparation. The attitudes, interests, and readiness of students are also influenced by the teachers' methods of instruction, the dynamics in the classroom, and the subjects covered in the lessons. In conclusion, psychological factors have a big impact on how well students do on the CSEC Mathematics Exam. Teachers and governments can improve students' learning experiences and outcomes in mathematics education by recognizing the interplay of attitudes, interest, and preparation.

References:

[1] Buhagiar, D. (2013). Views of Mathematics. Jesuit in Malta, St. Aloysius College. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275602257_The_Influence_of_Students_Perceptions_on_Mathematics_Performance_A_Case_of_a_Selected_High_School_in_South_Africa.

[2] Umoinyang, I. E. (1999). Student Socio-psychological Factors as determinants of Secondary School Achievement. Unpublished Ph. D Thesis, University of Ibadan. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317409905_Psychological_Factors_and_Secondary_School's_Students_Academic_Performance_in_Mathematics.

[3] Orton, A. (2005). Patterns in the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics.

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[6] base linking emotional learning to student success and academic outcomes. In J. E. Zins, R. P. http://www.sciepub.com/reference/184307.

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[8] De Houwer, J., Thomas, S., & Baeyens, F. (2001). Association learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 127(6), 853–869. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-05308-008.

[9] Hargreaves, D. A., & Tiggemann, M. (2003). Female “thin ideal” media images and boys’ attitudes toward girls. Sex Roles, 49(9–10), 539–544. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-08456-013.

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[12] Rolfhus, E. L., & Ackerman, P. L. (1996). Self-report knowledge: At the Crossroads of ability, interest and personality. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88, 174 – 188. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-01721-014.

[13] Koller, O., Baumert, J. & Schnabel, K. (2001). Does interest matter? The Relationship between Academic Interest and Achievement in Mathematics. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 32: 448-470. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232552884_Does_Interest_Matter_The_Relationship_between_Academic_Interest_and_Achievement_in_Mathematics.

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[15] Zan, R., & Di Martino, P. (2007). Attitude towards mathematics: overcoming.

[16] the positive/negative dichotomy. The Montana Mathematics Enthusiast, ISSN – 3440, Monograph 3, 157-168. https://www.scirp.org/(S(lz5mqp453edsnp55rrgjct55))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=2008375.

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[25] Goolsby, L. (2013). School Interest. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347384651_Students_Mathematics_Interest_as_Correlate_of_Achievement_in_Mathematics_Evidence_from_a_Sub-Saharan_Student_Sample.

[26] Unodiaku, S.S. (2012). Development and Validation of Mathematics Readiness Test for Senior Secondary School Students. African Journal of Science Technology and Mathematics Education (AJSTME), 2(1), 57-69. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362348376_Influence_of_Sex_and_Ability_Level_on_Students'_Mathematics_Readiness_in_Enugu_State.

Abstract:

Niger, a vast landlocked country in the arid Sahel region of West Africa, is constantly faced with disasters, with their attendant loss of human life, material goods, economic damage, and damage to critical infrastructure. However, in terms of disaster risk management and reduction, the country has policies and strategies that are consistent with regional and global disaster risk reduction frameworks and instruments. An analysis carried out based on secondary data collection on disaster risk management and reduction tools, structures, and mechanisms revealed the need to make better use of what already exists by improving overall coordination. This can be achieved by putting in place a strong structure that can drive the mobilization of resources and by placing a strong emphasis on the development of operational tools that focus on prevention rather than emergency response. To achieve this, it is important to review data collection methods by simplifying them using geographical information, which could lead to the collection of relevant and timely data to improve the alert mechanism so that it is as rapid as possible and allows the implementation of preventive actions rather than emergency responses. Improving the GRC framework will also require the implementation of coherent land use and urban development strategies with appropriate building standards, supported by adequate funding mechanisms to build resilient infrastructure.

References:

[1] Illya et al. 2023), Standardized Precipitation Index-based Flood and Drought Hotspot Mapping in Niger, West Africa.

[2] Niger-CNESI, 2021, Evaluation des dommages, des pertes et des besoins & stratégie de relèvement post-inondations 2020 au Niger, rapport Cabinet du Premier Ministre.

[3] World Bank Group, 2021, Pathways to sustainable growth in Niger, A world bank group country economic memorandum, p110-134.

[4] OCHA, 2022, Cadre de l’action anticipatoire Pilote au Niger : Sècheresse Version approuvée du 5 Janvier 2022, www.unocha.org/publications/report/niger/cadre-de-l-action-anticipatoire-pilote-au-niger-s-cheresse-version-approv-e-du-5.

[5] Vieri T., Edoardo F., Hassimou I. & Katiellou G., 2021, Les Inondations au Niger 1998-2020, juillet 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353015905_Les_Inondations_au_Niger_1998-2020/link/60e451b8299bf1ea9ee5f206/download.

[6] World Bank. 2017. Niger: Leveraging Export Diversification to Foster Growth. © World Bank, Washington, DC. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33069 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.

[7] Niger-CNEDD, 2021, Stratégie et Plan National d’Adaptation face aux changements climatiques dans le secteur Agricole SPN2A 2020-2035.https://duddal.org/s/bibnum-promap/item/1542#.

[8] World Bank, 2013, Agricultural Sector Risk Assessment in Niger: Moving from Crisis Response to Long-Term Risk Management. Washington, D.C. : World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13260.

[9] Niger-DNPGCA, 2014, Rapport d’évaluation des capacités nationales pour la réduction des risques de catastrophes au Niger. P78 : https://undp-cadri.leman.un-icc.cloud/system/files/2021-06/NIGER-Rapport-d-Evaluation-des-Capacites-en-RRC.pdf .

[10] United nations, 2015, Cadre d’action de Sendai pour la réduction des risques de catastrophe 2015-2030. https://www.unisdr.org/files/43291_frenchsendaiframeworkfordisasterris.pdf.

[11] CEDEAO, 2018, Évaluation des risques et des vulnérabilités pays ; Niger, http://www.creativeassociatesinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/CRVA-Report-Niger_FRANCAIS.pdf.

[12] CEDEAO, 2012, Politique humanitaire de la CEDEAO.https://ecowas.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Politique-francais-FINAL-FINAL-PDF.pdf.

[13] UA, 2004, La Stratégie régionale africaine pour la réduction des risques de catastrophe : Réduire les risques de catastrophe pour assurer le développement durable en Afrique. https://www.unisdr.org/files/13093_AfricaRegionalStrategyFRENCHversion.pdf.

[14] FAO, 2011, Disaster Risk Management Strategy in West Africa and the Sahel, https://www.fao.org/3/i2323e/i2323e.pdf.

[15] Niger-MAH/GC, 2018, Revue du cadre institutionnel et juridique de la gestion des risques de
catastrophes (RRC) au Niger, 2018. Rapport du ministère de l’action humanitaire et de la gestion de catastrophes.

[16] PNUD-Niger, 2019, Etude sur les Mécanismes de financement du relèvement post-catastrophes au Niger.

Abstract:

Studies have proven that the reputation of any organisation is an aftermath of a robust relationship between that organisation and its stakeholders. The relationships that exist between these stakeholders are also on the grounds of the interrelationship existing between the organisation and its publics and the social behaviour of the organisation and the stakeholders who are also the publics of an organisation thereafter. For this reason, an organisations’ reputation among its stakeholders is in accordance with the treatment the organisation gives its publics that translate into a corporate image and then to corporate reputation which on the whole informs the reputation the stakeholders would have later. The purpose of this paper is to identify the managerial role of managing corporate reputation, stakeholder relations, and corporate social responsibility of an organisation especially in Nigeria. The relationships that exist between these three key concepts; corporate reputation, stakeholder relations, and corporate social responsibility from a managerial perspective of corporate public relations strategies identifies and places organisations in the eyes of their publics as reputable. The study is relying on the postulation of the stakeholder theory which attempts to present a model that looks at who or what really is of essence. It hinges on the assumption that organisations, whether private or public, have an obligation to serve groups that constitutes into that organisation’s publics.

References:

[1] Adeosun, L. P. K., and Ganiyu, R. A. (2019). Corporate Reputation as a Strategic Asset. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 2; February 2019.

[2] Maj, J. (2022). Diversity Management’s Stakeholders and Stakeholders Management. Proceedings of the 9th International Management Conference “Management and Innovation for Competitive Advantage”, November 5th-6th, 2015, Bucharest, Romania.

[3] Onyiengo, S. I. (2014). Effectiveness of Communication Media Used by the Public Relations Department in Facilitating Effective Internal Public Relations at the Kerio Valley Development Authority in Kenya. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 4, No. 9; July 2014.

[4] Khan, M., Majid, A., Yasir, M., and Arshad, M. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Reputation: A Case of Cement Industry in Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business May 2013 Vol 5, No 1.

[5] Strier, D.& Kurman, J. (2009) “Combining qualitative & quantitative methods to study perceptions of immigrant youth”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Ps y c h o l o g y, 40(6), pp 988–995.

[6] Eden, M. (2009). “From knowledgeable to knowledge-able: Learning in new media environments. New media technologies and the scholarship of teaching and learning”. The Academic Commons Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.colorado.edu/ftep/sites/default/files/attached-files/wesch__knowledge_to_knoweldgeable.

[7] Matuleviciene, M., and Stravinskiene, (2015). The Importance of Stakeholders for Corporate Reputation. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 2015, 26(1), 75–83.

[8] Bălan, D. A. (2015). Bridging the Gap in Defining Corporate Reputation: An Extensive Literature Review. RSP • No. 46 • 2015: 73-83.

[9] National Open University of Nigeria (2012). International Public Relations. https://nou.edu.ng/.

[10] Donaldson, T. (1995). The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications. Academy of Management Review 1995. Vol M, No. 1, B5-91.

[11] Freeman, R. E., Wicks, A. C., and Parmar, B. (2004). Stakeholder Theory and “The Corporate Objective Revisited”. Organization Science 15(3):364-369. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0066.

[12] Lindblom, A., and Ohlsson, J. (2011). Stakeholders’ Influence on the Environmental Strategy of the Firm. Halmstad University School of Business and Engineering Technical Project and Business Management.

[13] Buzzelli, A. (1991). Stakeholders’ Influence on the Environmental Strategy of the Firm. Halmstad University School of Business and Engineering Technical Project and Business Management.

[14] Abd-El-Salam, E. M., Shawky, A. M.,and El-Nahas, T. (2013).The impact of Corporate Image and Reputation on Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: Testing the Mediating Role. Case Analysis in an International Service Company. The Business & Management Review, Vol.3 Number-2, January 2013

[15] Šehanović, S. S. (2015). The Role of Public Relations Strategy in Creating Corporate Image of B&H Construction Companies. 9th Research/Expert Conference with International Participations “Quality 2015”, Neum, B&H, 10 – 13 Juna 2015.

[16] Adeosun, L. P. K., and Ganiyu, R. A. (2013). Corporate Reputation as a Strategic Asset. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 2; February 2013.

[17] Adeosun, L. P. K., and Ganiyu, R. A. (2014). Corporate Reputation as a Strategic Asset. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 2; February 2014.

[18] Abdullaha Z., and Abdul Aziz, Y. (2011). Managing Corporate Reputation, Stakeholder Relations, and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Southeast Asian Perspective. Int. Journal of Economics and Management 5(1): 299 – 318 (2011) ISSN 1823 - 836X.

[19]Adeyanju, O. D. (2012). An Assessment of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Nigerian Society: The Examples of Banking and Communication Industries. Universal Journal of Marketing and Business Research Vol. 1(1) pp. 017-043, May, 2012 Available online http://www.universalresearchjournals.org/ujmbr Copyright © 2012 Transnational Research Journals.

[20] Shamma, H. M. (2012). Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Corporate Reputation: Concept, Measurement, and Implications. International Journal of Business and Management; Vol. 7, No. 16; 2012 ISSN 1833-3850 E-ISSN 1833-8119 Published by Canadian Centre of Science and Education.

[21] Ackermann, F., and Eden, C. (2011). Strategic Management of Stakeholders: Theory and Practice. Long Range Planning 44 (2011) 179e196 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/lrp.

[22] Asemah, E. S. (2011). Public Relations Strategies and the Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals in Nigeria. JORIND 9(2) December 2011. ISSN 1596 – 8308. www.transcampus.org.,www.ajol.info/journals/jorind.

Abstract:

Niger is a Sahelian territory in West Africa, with a surface area of 1,267,000 km². Most of it is desert, sparsely populated, or uninhabitable, with a low population density of around 18 inhabitants per km². The adverse effects of climate change and the frequency and intensity of natural disasters are increasing, while the country is evolving in a context characterised by a lack of and/or limited access to detailed, reliable, and up-to-date data, useful for better risk and disaster management. The methodological approach was based on the use of the agroecological map of Niger offering four main zones (Sudanian, agropastoral, pastoral and desert), the calculation and projection on this map of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) of 3935 localities based on the rainfall proxy data series (1979-2035), and then the identification of zones impacted by extreme climatic events. The populations impacted in these identified areas are estimated by projecting onto these areas the updated population of more than 36,000 georeferenced localities in ReNaLoc. The result of this approach shows that it is possible to opportunely identify zones and collect key data for use in the disaster risk management process in the context of a country where data is difficult to acquire.

References:

[1] World Bank Group, 2021, Pathways to sustainable growth in Niger, A world bank group country economic memorandum, p110-134.

[2] OCHA, 2022, Cadre de l’action anticipatoire Pilote au Niger : Sècheresse Version approuvée du 5 Janvier 2022, www.unocha.org/publications/report/niger/cadre-de-l-action-anticipatoire-pilote-au-niger-s-cheresse-version-approv-e-du-5.

[3] Fode M. & Adamou O., 2003, Sècheresse et variations pluviométriques au Niger de 1950 à 1991, Annales de l’Université Abdou Moumouni, Tome VII, pp. 117-132, 2003.

[4] Niger-PDES, 2022, Diagnostic strategique, Tome I, Plan de Développement Economique et Social (PDES) 2022-2026.

[5] Pierre O., Catherine B. & Bernard T., 2005, Analyse climatique de la région de Gouré, Niger oriental : récentes modifications et impacts environnementaux, https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/3338.

[6] Lawan T. & Guianluca F. 2010, Chocs et vulnérabilité au Niger : analyse des données secondaires. Programme Alimentaire Mondial, Service de l’Analyse de la Sécurité Alimentaire (VAM).

[7] New tab (desinventar.net).

[8] Niger-CNEDD, 2021, Stratégie et Plan National d’Adaptation face aux changements climatiques dans le secteur Agricole SPN2A 2020-2035. https://duddal.org/s/bibnum-promap/item/1542#.

[9] CEDEAO, 2018, Évaluation des risques et des vulnérabilités pays ; Niger, http://www.creativeassociatesinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/CRVA-Report-Niger_FRANCAIS.pdf.

[10] FAO, 2011, Disaster Risk Management Strategy in West Africa and the Sahel, https://www.fao.org/3/i2323e/i2323e.pdf.

[11] Aich, V, Kone, B, Häattermann, F., Paton, E., 2016, Time series analysis of floods in the Niger River Basin, in Water 2016, 8, 165.

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Abstract:

The study on the Learning disabilities and associated psychosocial problems among children started in October 2022 in South Sudan. The deepening loneliness and vulnerability of the children with the learning disabilities and the associated psychosocial problems among children resulting from the conflict in Sudan, which tore the family union, social fabric in the community structures, and pushed the families into the refugee camps where they have limited access to livelihood that everything to nurture the children is at the appalling stage. The study aimed at ascertaining the presence of learning disabilities and associated psychosocial problems among children in Jamjang Refugee camps. The study used qualitative, quantitative, and ethnographical/anthropological methods to have in-depth comprehension of the facts surrounding the phenomenon. The tools used in the design include questionnaire, interview, and observation. The pilot study conducted in April 2023 ascertained the presence of learning disabilities among refugee children. This consist of dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia elucidated as deficiency to write, spell, comprehend, articulate point in written, grammatical errors, poor paragraph organization, spelling errors, and poor arithmetic calculation. The study also confirmed the presence of the associated psychosocial problems which include low self-esteem, discrimination, bullying, stigmatization, neglect, sexual abuse, and rejection. Finally, the finding confirmed the learning disabilities cause the associated psychosocial problems among the children. Whereas the special needs education with the application of multisensory approaches, different recreational games, and Skinner’s Operant conditioning theory, Cognitive Behavioral theory of Bandura are indispensably crucial in reducing the adverse effects of the phenomenon.

References:

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Abstract:

An employee remains to be one of the most valuable resources of an organization. Unfortunately, high turnover rate in the national non-governmental organizations in South Sudan continues to be a concern for them and various stakeholders. This is because organizations spend a lot of resources in training and investing in their employees. The purpose of the study was to review the various theories that explain staff turnover with the aim of understanding their distinct views. The methodology involved the review of literature of turnover theories and models. The researcher was able to find six theories that helped to explain the phenomenon of staff turnover, and each provided distinct factors that when not addressed could lead to staff turnover. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which identified different human needs which if not met could lead to staff turnover. Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory revealed two factors that need to be addressed by an organization, namely, “motivation factors” and “hygiene factors”. The Social Exchange Theory explains that turnover intentions come because of non-compliance with the agreed rules by either the management or the staff. LMX Theory emphasized the importance of maintaining good relationships between leaders and members in different groups to promote better performance at work and minimize staff turnover.

References:

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