Abstract:

The low rank high moisture of coal from East Kalimantan, Indonesia has been tested in large stockpiles to understand the possibilities of lowering their total moisture content under ambient conditions. The results from the small scale drying tests indicate a strong potential to significantly reduce the “as mined” moisture content of high moisture low rank coal. All tests showed consistent losses over time with an average weight loss of 27% for the 22 day test period. These test show the maximum possible natural drying potential with no impediments to drainage and no additional moisture load from rainfall. It can be expected that drainage will allow reduction in moisture.

The size distribution shows a mean size of 10mm and low proportions of ultra-fine material, which makes the crushed coal suitable for stockpile drainage as there should be ample clearance between particles. Dry conditions allowed the piles to drain free moisture at a loss rate of between 0.7 and 1.7% per day. Additional rain periods ensured that the overall effect was a gain in moisture for the trial period. It would be apparent that the greatest drying benefit would be gained by sheltering the coal from rain. Any drying benefits gained by stockpiling could be reversed by rainfall exposure. This evaluation would suggest that, without consideration for the weather condition effecting the stockpile temperature and moisture, a natural drainage period of between 18 and 25 days would assist in the reduction of moisture associated with the high moisture low rank coal.

KEYWORDS

Low rank, Coal, Stockpile, Total Moisture, Rainfall, Rain

References:

[1.] Akguna. F, R.H Essenhigh, (2001) Self-ignition characteristics of coal stockpiles: theoretical prediction from a two-dimensional unsteady-state model, Fuel, Volume 80, Issue 3, February 2001, Pages 409–415.

[2.] Banerjee. D, M Hirani & S.K Sanyal, (2000) Coal-quality deterioration in a coal stack of a power station, Applied Energy, Volume 66, Issue 3, July 2000, Pages 267–275.

[3.] Baris. K, S. Kizgut, V. Didari, (2012) Low-temperature oxidation of some Turkish coals, Fuel, Volume 93, March 2012, Pages 423–432.

[4.] Beamish, B and Clarkson, F, (2006) Self-heating rates of Sydney Basin coals – The emerging picture, in Proceedings of the 36th Sydney Basin Symposium, pp 1-8, University of Wollongong

[5.] Beamish, B and Hughes, R, (2009). Comparison of laboratory bulk coal spontaneous combustion testing and site experience – A case study from Spring Creek Mine, in Proceedings 9th Underground Coal Operator‟s Conference COAL 2009, Aziz, N. and Nemcik, J. (eds.), pp 287-295, The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne.

[6.] Beamish, B B and Arisoy, A, (2008)b. Effect of mineral matter on coal self-heating rate, Fuel, 87:125- 130.

[7.] Beamish, B B and Arisoy, A, (2008a). Effect of intrinsic coal properties on self-heating rates, in Proceedings of the 12th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, pp 149-153, The Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc., Littleton, USA.

[8.] Beamish, B.B, (2005) Comparison of the R70 self-heating rate of New Zealand and Australian coals to Suggate rank parameter, International Journal of Coal Geology, 64(1-2):139-144

[9.] Beamish, B.B., Hamilton, G.R., (2005) Effect of Moisture Content on the R70 Self-heating Rate of Callide Coal, International Journal of Coal Geology 64: 133– 138,  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.03.011].

[10.]   Bhat, S and Agarwal, P, (1996). The effect of moisture condensation on the spontaneous susceptibility of coal, Fuel, 75:1523-1532.

[11.]   Bhattacharyya, K K, (1971). The role of desorption of moisture from coal in its spontaneous heating, Fuel, 51:214-220.

[12.]   Bhattacharyya, K K, (1972). The role of sorption of water vapour in the spontaneous heating of coal, Fuel, 50:367-380.

[13.]   Clemens, A. H., and Matheson, T.W., (1996), The Role of Moisture in the Self-heating of Low-Rank Coals, Fuel 75: 891-895, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(96)00010-5

[14.]   Cliff. D, F. Clarkson, R. Davis, T. Bennett, (2000) The implication of large scale tests for the detection and monitoring of spontaneous combustion in underground coal, Queensland Mining Industry Health and Safety Conference, Queensland, Australia, August 2000, pp. 27–30.;

[15.]   Curran. K. J, G. Dropp and K. N. Irvine, (2002) Hydrology of stockpiled industrial coal exposed to rainfall, Hvdro. Process. 16. 2781-2790.

[16.]   Ejlali. A, S.M. Aminossadati, K. Hooman, B.B. Beamish, (2009) A new criterion to design reactive coal stockpiles, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 36 (2009) 669–673.

[17.]   Kim. C. J, C.H. Sohn; (2012) A novel method to suppress spontaneous ignition of coal stockpiles in a coal storage yard, Fuel Processing Technology 100 (2012) 73–83.

[18.]   Kim. J. H, (2004) the final report for prevention experiment of spontaneous combustion in sub-bituminous coal stockpiles, Korea East–West Power Corporation, Dangjin Thermoelectric Power Headquarters, 2004.

[19.]   Krishnaswamy. S, Pradeep K. Agarwal, Robert D. Gunn, (1996) Low-temperature oxidation of coal. 3. Modelling spontaneous combustion in coal stockpiles, Fuel Volume 75, Issue 3, February 1996, Pages 353–362.

[20.]   Küçüka. A, Y. Kadıoğlub, M.Ş. Gülaboğluc, (2003) A study of spontaneous combustion characteristics of a Turkish lignite: particle size, moisture of coal, humidity of air, Combustion and Flame Volume 133, Issue 3, May 2003, Pages 255–261.

[21.]   Küçüka. A, Y. Kadıoğlub, M.Ş. Gülaboğluc, (2003) A study of spontaneous combustion characteristics of a Turkish lignite: particle size, moisture of coal, humidity of air, Combustion and Flame Volume 133, Issue 3, May 2003, Pages 255–261.

[22.]   Majumder, A.S.; (2007); Handbook of Industrial Drying, CRC Press.

[23.]   Merriam, N.W., (1998) “Upgrading -- Coal using Koppleman Series C Process”, (Available online at: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/293400 -v4U7Zf /webviewable /293400. pdf).

[24.]   Micali. V and Schalk Heunis, (2012) Eskom, Coal stock stockpilesimulation, Energize - Jan/Feb 2012 - Page 17.

[25.]   Moghtaderi. B, B.Z. Dlugogorski, E.M. Kennedy, (2000)Effects of wind flow on self-heating characteristics of coal stockpiles, Transactions of the Institute of Chemical Engineers 78 (2000) 445–453.

[26.]   Nihat Yilmaz A. Hadi Ozdeniz; (2010) Internet-based monitoring and prediction system of coal stockpile behaviors under atmospheric conditions; Environ Monit Assess (2010) 162:103–112.

[27.]   Nugroho, Y.S., McIntosh, A.C., and Gibbs, B.M., (2000) Low-temperature Oxidation of Single and Blended Coals, Fuel 79: 1951–1961, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00053-3.

[28.]   Vance, W. E., Chen, X. D., and Scott, S. C., (1996) The Rate of Temperature Rise of a Subbituminous Coal during Spontaneous Combustion in an Adiabatic Device: The Effect of Moisture Content and Drying Methods, Combustion and Flame Volume 106: 261-270, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(95)00276-6.

Abstract:

Over the years; there have been a number of methodologies and standards designed to help IT Governance and information security within modern organizations to achieve optimum process to achieve business objectives. Companies pursue the use of various mechanisms to ensure that their IT infrastructure is aligned with the objectives of the business and comply with local and global IT governance rules and regulations. Despite the vast amount of options available, there has been considerable confusion over the various methods used IT manager due to their lack of compressive information Governess approach. This paper proposes the comprehensive alignment of ITIL, COBIT and ISO/IEC 27002 that can be effectively used by any organization as a comprehensive solution to handle IT Governance and Information Technology Management in their organizations.

KEYWORDS

ITIL, COBIT, ISO- 27002, information security, IT Governance, Information Technology Management

References:

[1.] BRENNER, Michael et al. Towards an Information Model for ITIL and ISO/IEC 20000 processes. IEEE Computer Society and Information Engineering. 2009.

[2.] 2) CHASE, Richard B.; JACOBS, F. Robert; AQUILANO, Nicholas. Administração da Produção para a Vantagem,Competitiva. 10. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2006.

[3.] 3) IT GOVERNANCE. Global Status Report. [2008]. Available at:

http://www.isaca.org/Template.cfm?Section=Home&CONTENTID=50272&TEMPLATE=/ContentManageme nt/ContentDisplay.cfm>. Accessed: May, 30, 2013.

[4.] 4) ITGTI - IT GOVERNANCE INSTITUTE. Board Briefing On It Governance. 2. ed. 2008. Available at:

<http://www.itgi.org/AMTemplate.cfm?Section=Board_Briefing_on_IT_Governance&Template=/ContentMan agement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=39649>. Accessoem: April, 18.,2013.

[5.] ITGTI - IT GOVERNANCE INSTITUTE. COBIT 4.1. Ilinois: IT Governance Institute, 2007.

[6.] NABIOLLAHI, Akbar; SAHIBUDDIN, Shamsul Bin. Considering Service Strategy in ITIL V3 as a Framework for IT Governance. 2008

[7.] RIDLEY, Gail; YOUNG, Judy; CARROLL, Peter. COBIT and its Utilization: A framework from the literature. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics, United States, Jan. [2004].

[8.] SAINT-GERMAIN, Rene. Information Security Management Best Practice Based on ISO/IEC 17799. The Information Management Journal, v.25, n.1, Jul./Aug. 2005.

[9.] SIMONSSON, Marten; JOHNSON, Pontus. The IT organization modelling and assessment tool: Correlating IT governance maturity with the effect of IT. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics, United States. 2008.

[10.]         ZHANG, Shaohua et al. ITIL Process Integration in the Context of Organization Environment. IEEE Computer Society and Information Engineering, United States. [2009]. Available at:

< http://www2.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/CSIE.2009.691> .

Accessed: July, 3, 2013.

Abstract:

Educational policies and practices in Bangladesh are dominating issue in terms of managing educational establishments. Disparate policies and practices in educational profession are prone to damaging social peace has become apparent in the writing and study. Education is the destiny for a nation and a core field that helps the nation develop all sections of activities and make fit her citizens as a rich nation.

The study has got several issues of importance and found that worthy citizens who boys and girls must be educated well and bring peace or prosperity if they are well equipped with factors like supports and facilities which beget merits, talents, skills and expertise and on the contrary, abuses of law, quota systems for employments and education, discriminatory treatments in legal issues towards boys who could not contribute more and more to building the nation but have very less scopes for success due to readymade obstacles. The crimes and corruptions, injustice, aggressive feminism policies, political undue scopes, illiteracy and ignorance, poverty of boys and later as men grow in alarming rates as a result of depriving them of their rights and opportunities at early stages as citizens of the country. All supports and facilities such as free education up to graduation levels, stipends, food for education programs and legal supports only for girls students who easily achieve the opportunities in education and employments have been issues of controversial behaviors.

KEY WORDS

Discrimination, Free education, Stipend, Quota, Ignorance, Talent, Crimes, Feminism 

References:

[1.] A Philip G, Patricia & Robert (2011), American Higher Education: Socio Political Economical Challenges, Hopkins University Press , 3rd Edition , p 30-37.

[2.] Asian Journal of Inclusive Education (2012). Published in Dhaka,. Volume-1.

[3.] Bangladesh development Studies (2004) published by Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, Dhaka.

[4.] Bangladesh Legal Decisions (2009). Published by The Supreme Court Bar Association, Dhaka, Volume : 20-50.

[5.] J Ralph, Lindgrem, Nanine (2010) The Law of Sex Discrimination, 4th Edition, Wadersworth Publisher, , p 30-36.

[6.] Law Guardian (2007). Published by The Supreme Court Bar Association, Dhaka, Volume: 01-05.

[7.] M Hilay, Lips (2007 ). Sex and Gender, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hills College Press, p 30-46.

[8.] N Sonia, Particia Bode (2007 ) Socio Political Context of Education , Pearson Publisher, 5th Edition, p 20-26.

[9.] Taylor, Rupp and Whittier (2011) Feminist Frontiers, McGraw Hill Education Publisher, 9th Edition, p 50-59.

[10.]   The Dhaka Law Report (2009). Published by The Supreme Court Bar Association, Dhaka. Volume: 50-60.

[11.]   The Lawyers (2009). Published by The Supreme Court Bar Association, Dhaka, Volume: 01-05.

[12.]   WD Peter Wright, Pamella (2007), Special Education Law, Harbor House LAW Press, 2nd Edition, p 50-60.

[13.]   Y Mitchell (2011) The Law and Special Education, Pearson Pub, 3rd edition, p-41-47.

Abstract:

Renewable Energy Source (RES) integrated at distribution level is known as Distributed Generation (DG). This paper presents a control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF and L,C Filter to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. Dynamic Voltage Restorer to compensating the Voltage sags and swells. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid.

KEYWORDS

Power quality, Active power filter (APF), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), distributed generation (DG), distribution system, grid interconnection, power quality (PQ), renewable energy. 

References:

[1.] A Hybrid Passive Filter Configuration For VarControl And Harmonic Compensation Abdelhamid Hamadi, Student Member, Ieee, Salem Rahmani, Member, Ieee, And Kamal Al-Haddad, Fellow, IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, July 2010

[2.] D.M. Brod and D.W. Novotny, “Current Control of VSI PWM Inverters”, IEEE Transactions Industrial Application, Vol. IA-21,no.4.pp.562-570,1985.

[3.] Design And Implementation Of A Current-ControlledParallel Hybrid Power Filter Vishal Verma, Member, And Bhim Singh, Senior Member, IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, September/October 2009

[4.] Hung-Cheng, Chen, Jian-Cong, Qiu, & Chia-Hao Liu (2008).“Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Renewable Energy Based Hybrid Power Systems” DRPT, pp. 2803-2809.

[5.] Hybrid Active Filter For Reactive And Harmonics Compensation In A Distribution Network Victor. Fabián Corasaniti, Member, IEEE, Maria Beatriz Barbieri, Senior Member, IEEE, Patricia Liliana Arnera, Senior Member, IEEE, And María Inés Valla, Senior Member, IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, March 2009

[6.] J. H. R. Enslin and P. J. M. Heskes, “Harmonic interaction between a large number of distributed power inverters and the distribution network,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1586–1593, Nov. 2004.

[7.] J. M. Guerrero, L. G. de Vicuna, J. Matas, M. Castilla, and J. Miret, “A wireless controller to enhance dynamic performance of parallel inverters in distributed generation systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1205–1213, Sep. 2004.

[8.] M.takeda et al, "Harmonic Current Compensation With Active Filter”, in IEEEIIAS Ann. Meeting,1987,pp,808.

[9.] Mehmet Ucar, Sule Ozdemir, “3-Phase 4-leg unified series–parallel active filter system with ultra capacitor energy storage for unbalanced voltage sag mitigation” Electrical Power and

[10.]   Energy Systems 2013.

[11.]   Mekri Fatiha, Machmoum Mohamed, Ait-Ahmed Nadia, “New hysteresis control band of an unified power quality conditioner” Electric Power Systems Research 2011.

[12.]   Morris Brenn, Roberto Faranda and Enrico Tironi, “A New Proposal for Power Quality and Custom Power Improvement: OPEN UPQC” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 24, No. 4, October 2009.

[13.]   Mukhtiar Singh, Student Member, IEEE, VinodKhadkikar, Member, IEEE, Ambrish Chandra, Senior Member, IEEE and Rajiv K. Varma, Senior Member, IEEE “Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level With Power-Quality Improvement Features.”IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 26, No. 1, January 2011.

[14.]   Power Quality Improvement In 3-Phase 3-Wire Distribution Systems Using Modular Active Power Filter R. El Shatshat, M. Kazerani, M.M.A. Salama

[15.]   U. Borup, F. Blaabjerg, and P. N. Enjeti, “Sharing of nonlinear load in parallel-connected three-phase converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1817–1823, Nov./Dec. 2001.

[16.]   Y. Jaganmohan Reddy, K. Padma Raju, Y. VenkataPavan Kumar, "Use of DC Motor-Generator Set for Power Quality Improvement in a Renewable Energy Based Hybrid Power System.” International Journal on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology, Vol. 05, No. 02, Mar 2011. 

Abstract:

Quality control on educational systems in Bangladesh has been viewed in traditional routine ways at institutions in Bangladesh. This paper study found out some vital factors which might be real concern in observance of quality issues. The salient notions including organizational structural lapses, governance problems, modern teaching approach gaps, syllabus & curriculum design frailty, infrastructural shortages, top level policies and decisions problems, implementation problems & disparity factors, Bureaucracy, leadership defects, interference, resistances to changes, improper planning, lack of professionalism, lack of resources, favoritism are salient issues seen in this study. Political influences on environments, systems of teaching and learning leading to quality failures have got serious impacts on total output and development. Besides some other dominant factors include teachers‟ roles, assessments systems on students performances and continuations, stake holders attitudes, interest in profit makings have been major features in not assuring quality standards been identified.

KEYWORDS

Quality Control, Standards, Education, Institution, Universities

References:

[1.] Comparative Education Review, published by The Chicago University press, Chicago, USA, pp- 4, 7

[2.] Date H Besterfaield and Mary Sucre, “Total Quality Edu Management”, Pearson Education , Illinois, USA. 3RD Edition p.p- 87,90,102.

[3.] Educational Journals published by the University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA, pp- 8, 10.

[4.] Erwin Rausch and John Warhbush, “High Quality Leadership”(1999). Prentice Hall, New Delhi, pp-. 16, 67, 78.

[5.] Md Majibur Rahman (2010). “Secondary and Higher Education” Published by Probati Library, Dhaka, , pp- 28,18,29.

[6.] Shopon Kumar Dhali (2012). “Action Research” published by Probati Library, Dhaka, pp, 10,20,34. 

Abstract:

Many wonder why self-confessed religious nations such as Christian nation, Islam nations, Hinduism nation, have not become better country in terms of morality such as corruption, killings, gambling, cheating, abortions, and many more immoralities. Those immoralities raise question in the mind of many people: does religion have no influence to the moral life of people? At the same time, some nations that claim to have no religion, they are advanced and less corrupt. Such picture deserves to be investigated.  

KEYWORDS

Religion, Morality, Life, Individual, Human Welfare, Realties 

References:

[1.] Baier, C.J. & Wright, B.R. 2001. If You Love me, Keep my Commandments: A Metaanalysis of the Effect of Religion on Crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Deliqiency. www.religionandmorality.com

[2.] Barua, Manisha. Gandhi and Comparative Religion. http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Comp/CompBaru.htm

[3.] Chapman, Steve. 1999. Praise the Lord, Chicago Tribune. http://www.positiveatheism.org/writ/passammo.htm

[4.] Chapman, Cohen. 1995. Morality Without God. Positive Atheism Magazine (PAM). http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/cohen02.htm

[5.] Corcoran, Katie, Petticchio, David, and Robbins, Blaine. 2009. Tolerance for Crime and Religion: Explaining variation across National. http://www.allacademic.com/meta/33416_index.html

[6.] Da‟wah Group. 2010. Islamic Virtue. http://www.meccacentric.com/islamic_virtues.html

[7.] David Hume, “The Natural History of Religion”. In Hitchen‟s Christopher (2007). The Portable Atheist: Essential Readings for the Non Believers. Philadelphia: Da Capo Press.

[8.] Deem, Rich. 2005. Are Atheists and Theists Morally Equivalent?. http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/atheists_theists morality.html

[9.] Desmond Scott, Purpura, David, Smith, Elizabeth, and Soper, Sarah. 2010. Religiosity, Moral Beliefs, and Deliquency. http://www.allacademic.com/meta/33416_index.html 

Abstract:

The main focus of this research is to find out the effects of motivation on workers performance in Panas Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd. An effort have been made to evaluate the existing workers motivational policies in Panas Pharmaceutical with a view to examine the effects of motivation on worker productivity increase and also to identity the variable that are directly or indirectly responsible for workers performance, while assess how motivation come into play in Panas Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd. The researchers however, observed that most of the motivation Policies in the company were not adequately function and the little policies that are function were inconsistent and irrelevant for workers needs and desired in Panas Pharmaceutical. In making these findings possible, thirty (30) respondents were presented with questionnaires, out of sixty

(60) work force of the company and translated their responses into tables using simple distribution and percentages. Therefore, it has been proved that motivating workers sufficiently with relevance incentives as the only alternative towards workers performance to achieve goal and objectives of the organization. On the basis of these findings, implications of the findings for future study were highlighted.

KEYWORDS

Effects, Motivation, Workers, Performance 

References:

[1.] Afanjo,S.A (2002) “Individual choice and situation factors; influence on jobs satisfaction and commitment “ in sociology of work and occupations. Sage publications Pvt. Ltd London.

[2.] Akerele, A. (1991) “Role of labour in productivity” Nigeria Journal of Industrial Relation, P.5: 50-58.

[3.] Bergum, B and J.Lehr (1964) “Monetary Incentives and vigilance.” Journal Experimental psychology. No 7:197-198.

[4.] Eze, N. (1985), “Sources of motivation among Nigeria Managers” Journal of Social Psychology, 125:341-345

[5.] Feldman and Arnold, (1983) “Management individual and group behaviour in organization”. McGraw Hill Inc. New York USA

[6.] Kondalkar V. G. (2009), “Organisation development”, New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, New Delhi.

[7.] Marsden D. and Richardson R., (1992) , “Motivation and performance related pay in the public sector: a case study of the inland revenue”, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, Discussion Paper No.75, May 1992.

[8.] Michael Armstrong (2009).“Armstrong‟s Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice”, Kogan Page Limited, USA.

[9.] Pravin M.M. and Nurul Kabir M.M., (2011) , “Factors Affecting Employee Job Satisfaction Of Pharmaceutical Sector” , Australian Journal of Business and Management Research Vol.1 No.9 [ Pg. 113-123] | December-2011 

Abstract:

ABSTRACT

The study examined the relationship between work system, workplace hazards and employees behaviour. It aimed at addressing the issue of how work can be structured in order to reduce workplace hazards and produce affirmative employee’s work behavior.

The study uses survey research method. Participants in the study were 120 staffs of Nigerian Eagle Flourmill, Ibadan who were selected through stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected via responses elicited using the questionnaire instrument. Results show that there is a significant relationship between work system, workplace hazards and employees behaviour. The findings were discussed with reference to relevant empirical literatures, and with recommendations for management of organizations both for practice and future research highlighted.

KEYWORDS

Work system, workplace hazard, employees, behaviour, organization 

References:

[1.] Abongomera, T. 2008. Decent work and global strategy on occupational safety and Health on Guard Sustainable Safety and Health Practice. Vol 15 (1): 7-13

[2.] Afolabi, J. Fajemonyomi, M., Jinadu M. and Bogunjoko 1993. A Case Study of Occupation Health Problems of a Match Industry in Nigeria. Nigerian School Health Journal Vol. 8(1) pp: 3) Alter, S. 2006.The work system Method: Connecting People, Processes and IT for Business Results. Working System Press. Larkspur, CA.

[3.] Balsari, P., Ceilo, P. Zanuttini, R. 1999.Risks for the workers in plywood manufacturing: A case study in Italy. Journal of Forest Engineering10 (2):12-15

[4.] Bello, R. 2010. Assessment of injuries in small scale sawmilling industry of south western Nigeria. University of Ibadan, Nigeria

[5.] Cherns, A., 1987. Principles of Sociotechnical Design Revisted. Human Relations. Vol. 40(3): p. 153-162.

[6.] Chryssolouris, G. 2006. Manufacturing Systems: Theory and Practice, 2nd Edition, Springer Verlag, New York.

[7.] Dankbaar, B., 1997. Lean Production: Denial, Confirmation or Extension of Sociotechnical Systems Design? Human relations, Vol.50(5): p. 567.

[8.] Dembe, A.E., Erickson, J.B., Delbos, R.G., and Banks, S.M 2005. The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States. Occup Environ Med 62:588-597.

[9.] Emery, F., 1977. The Assembly Line -Its logic and Our Future, in The Socio-Technical Systems Perspective, E.L. Trist, Editor.

[10.]   Emery, F.E., 1993. The Nine Step Model, in The Socio-Technical Systems Perspective, E.L. Trist and H. Murray, Editors.

[11.]   Empirical Study towards the effects of Team and non-Teamwork‟, New Technology, Work, and Employment, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 191-203.

[12.]   Fagboungbe, B.O., Akinbode, G.A., Ayodeji, F. 2012. Gender and organizational factors as determinants of workplace fraudulent behaviours in Nigeria: an empirical analysis. International Journal of Business Trends and Technology.Vol.2 (2), pp: 11-21

[13.]   Igor A. 1998. Health Promotion in the work place: An international Journal of health development. Vol. 19(4):390-396.

[14.]   Kalejaiye, P. O. 2013. Occupational health and safety: Issues, challenges and compensation in Nigeria. Peak Journal of Public Health and Management Vol.1 (2), pp. 16-23

[15.]   Kiwekete, H.M. 2010. Psychosocial risk assessments-ensuring the well-being of employees. African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety. 20 (2):38-40.

[16.]   Landsbergis, P.A. 2003. The changing organization of work and the safety and health of working people: A commentary. J Occup Environ Med 45(1):61-72.

[17.]   Landsbergis, P.A., Cahill, J., and Schnall, P. 1999. The impact of lean production and related new systems of work organization on worker health. J Occup Health Psychol 4(2):108-130

[18.]   Major, S.M., Klein, K.J., and Ehrhart, M.G. 2002. Work time, work interference with family, and psychological stress. J Appl Psychol 87:427-436.

[19.]   Meswani, H. R. 2008. Safety and Occupational Health; Challenges and Opportunities in emerging economies. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 12: No.

[20.]   1: 3-9.

[21.]   National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 2002. The Changing Organization of Work and the Safety and Health of Working People. NIOSH Publication No. 2002-116.

[22.]   Niepce, W. and Molleman, E.1998. Work Design Issues in Lean Production from a Sociotechnical Systems Perspective: Neo-Taylorism or the Next Step in Sociotechnical Design? Human Relations. Vol. 51(3): p. 259-287.

[23.]   Onyeonoru, I. P. 2005. Industrial sociology in Africa context. Ibadan: Samlad Press.

[24.]   Otobo, D. 2000. Industrial Relations. Theory and Controversies. Lagos Malt house press Ltd.

[25.]   Pruijt, H. 2003. Teams between Neo-Taylorism and Anti-Taylorism. Economic and industrial democracy. Vol. 24(1): p. 77.

[26.]   Rask K and Johansson, J. 2008. Similarities and Differences between Lean Production, Tayloristic and Socio-Technical Systems Revealed in the Methodology Characteristics Map Department of Human Work Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.

[27.]   Steijn, B. 2001. „Work systems, Quality of Working Life and Attitudes of Workers. An

[28.]   Swaen, G.M.H., van Amelsvoort, L.P.G.M., Bultmann, U., Slangen, J.J.M., and Kant, I.J. 2004. Psychosocial work characteristics as risk factors for being injured in an occupational accident. J. Occup Environ Med 46(6):521-527.

[29.]   Taylor, F.W., 1998. The Principles of Scientific Management. 1911, Dover Publications.

[30.]   Van der Hulst, M. 2003. Long working hours and health. Scand J Work Environ Health 29(3):171-188.

[31.]   Womack, J.P. and D.T. Jones, 2003. Lean Thinking: banish waste and create wealth in your corporation.

[32.]   Womack, J.P., Jones, D.T. and Roos, D. 1990. The machine that changed the world. 1

[33.]   World Health Organization 2004. Guidelines for conducting community surveys on injuries and violence 2004. 34) World Health Organization. Occupational Health Programs 1972;26(12):537-546.