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Open Label, Single Centre Study of Babao Relief Capsule as an Adjuvant to HAART in Antiretroviral Naive HIV PatientsAuthor: Brig Gen Lawson F. SimapukaDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art001
Open Label, Single Centre Study of Babao Relief Capsule as an Adjuvant to HAART in Antiretroviral Naive HIV Patients
Abstract:
HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed 36.3 million [27.2–47.8 million] lives so far (WHO, 2021). Sub-Sahara Africa remains the far worst affected region, with 20.6 million [16.8 million– 24.4 million] people living with HIV at the end of 2010, compared to 24.4 (22.5-27.3 million) in 2020. Complementary and alternative therapy (CAM) has been used to treat HIV patients by clinicians in conventional health services in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). To determine efficacy of Babao relief capsule when used as an adjuvant to standard HAART in antiretroviral naïve HIV patients. The product is a biological Chinese medicinal preparation, made of herbs. Ingredients include ginseng, beer antler, musk, bezoar, fleeceflower, Chinese angelica, lyceum, pericarpium citri reticulatae, safflower and ophiopogn japonicus. Open Label Phase 1 bridging Clinical trial to study the efficacy of Babao relief capsule when used in combination standard HAART in antiretroviral naïve HIV patients. A total of one hundred and ninety-six (196) adult patients attending the HIV clinic were randomly selected. The interventional group was on Babao relief capsule and HAART while the control group was on HAART only. The study shows general efficacy of the standard HAART drugs. However, the interventional arm showed a significant increase in the CD4 cell count, showing that BRC had booster effects in the efficacy of HAART.
Keywords: HIV, Complementary and alternative therapy, Babao relief capsule, standard highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Open Label, Single Centre Study of Babao Relief Capsule as an Adjuvant to HAART in Antiretroviral Naive HIV Patients
References:
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Analysis of Health System for Health Security: Case of BurundiAuthor: Ntampera Jean MarieDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art002
Analysis of Health System for Health Security: Case of Burundi
Abstract:
Health system contributing to health security constituting an approach that harmoniously brings together efforts to strengthen the resources and capacities necessary for the implementation of the International Health Regulations, the components of health systems and those of other sectors for effective management of health emergencies, while maintaining the continuity of essential health services. The countries that have a weak health system face many challenges related to health security. A descriptive study was used during this study to identify if Burundi health system is contributing to the health security. 5health zones have been selected and 350 individuals questioned if they have received health education related to diseases with epidemic potential and if they have suffered from them. A questionnaire which includes the diseases with epidemic potential was distributed to 350 respondents between 20 to 55 years old. The majority (58%) of the respondents were female compared to 42% male. Most (93.0 %) respondents have received health education related to prevention of diseases with epidemic potential. The result shows significant differences in location, gender, marital status, occupation, and several outbreaks (P<0.001). The future research should focus on the re-organization of health systems to respond effectively to different heath threats, especially these can spread locally and globally. Identification of all these issues that can spread to neighbors, and which can cause high morbidity and mortality. of the country, the gaps, and priorities and to know where to convey the efforts for universal health coverage.Keywords: Burundi, Epidemic potential, Health system, health security, prevention.Analysis of Health System for Health Security: Case of Burundi
References:
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exchange rates between the Burundian Franc and the US Dollar were: 1261.1; 1442.5; 1542.0; 1553.1 respectively in 2011, 2012,213 and 2014.[19] According to the annual reports of the BRB, the exchange rates between the Burundian Franc and the US Dollar were: 1261.1; 1442.5; 1542.0; 1553.1 respectively in 2011, 2012,213 and 2014.
[20] Annual reports of the BRB, 2017, the exchange rates between the Burundian Franc and the American Dollar where: 1261.1; 1442.5; 1542.0; 1553.1 in 2011, 2012, 213 and 2014, respectively.
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The Relationship Between Exposure to Digital Sexual Violence and Mental Health Outcomes: Insights from Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth SurveyAuthor: Edson ChipaloDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art003
The Relationship Between Exposure to Digital Sexual Violence and Mental Health Outcomes: Insights from Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey
Abstract:
Digital sexual violence correlates with cyberbullying victimization, leading to the manifestation of psychological distress and diverse forms of suicidality such as thoughts, attempts, and self-harm. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and association between exposure to digital sexual violence and mental health outcomes (i.e., mental distress and suicide risk) for boys and girls aged 13 to 24 in Namibia. This cross-sectional study utilized national data from the 2019 Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) involving 5,191 participants, with 4,211 being girls and 980 boys. Chi-square tests were used to determine the prevalence estimates and significant association for bivariate, and two logistic regression models were applied to assess the significant association for multivariate. The prevalence results indicated that exposure to digital sexual violence was associated with higher rates of moderate/severe mental distress in the past 30 days (boys [64.5%] vs. girls [65.2%]) and increased lifetime risk of suicide (boys [27.4%] vs. girls [40.1%]). Similarly, regression results showed that exposure to digital sexual violence was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting moderate/severe mental distress in the past 30 days (boys: 95% CI = 4.67-22.09; girls: 95% CI =2.75-4.88) and a lifetime risk of suicide (boys: 95% CI =2.16-10.63; girls: 95% CI = 2.68-4.75). In order to reduce mental distress and suicide risk behaviors, interventions should include implementing a safer online environment through digital literacy programs, reducing stigma, offering mental health counseling services, and establishing crisis hotlines for victims of digital sexual violence in Namibia.
Keywords: Boys, Digital sexual violence, Exposure, Girls, Mental distress, Namibia, Suicide risk.
The Relationship Between Exposure to Digital Sexual Violence and Mental Health Outcomes: Insights from Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey
References:
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abuse–a mixed methods study of court verdicts. Psychology, Crime & Law, 2021. 27(2): p. 159-181.[16] Nicolla, S. and A.J. Lazard, Social media communication about sexual violence may backfire online experiment with young men. Journal of Health Communication, 2023. 28(1): p. 28-37.
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Statistical Investigation of the Standard Height of Occlusal Rim Blocks among Patients Attending Makerere University Dental Hospital, Kampala, UgandaAuthor: David NonoDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art004
Statistical Investigation of the Standard Height of Occlusal Rim Blocks among Patients Attending Makerere University Dental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
Abstract:
Edentulous patients desire to reinstate oral function and aesthetics in the most comfortable state and to regain their self-esteem. Due to racial anatomic differences, there is a need to ascertain the standard height of Occlusal Rim Blocks (ORBs) for edentulous patients in Uganda. This study was aimed at statistical investigation of the standard height of ORBs among patients attending Makerere University Dental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. This was a cross-sectional quantitative study that comprised 240 pairs of wax ORBs requested by clinicians for patients in need of complete dentures. Consecutive sampling was used to select the ORBs. The height of the anterior and posterior portions of the maxillary and mandibular ORBs were recorded using a pair of pliers and a flexible ruler, and data were entered into Excel and exported into STATA software version 15 for analysis. The mean height for the anterior portion of maxillary ORBs was 19.4 mm and for the posterior, 17.4 mm after adjustment while the mean height for the mandibular counterparts was 16.4 mm and 16.0 mm, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean height of ORB before and after adjustments and between the newly established and internationally accepted standard height of ORB. There was no significant sex difference in the mean height of ORBs. Overall, the mean height of ORBs for the Ugandan population was significantly shorter than the internationally accepted standard height.Keywords: Bite registration, Complete denture, Dental hospital, Edentulous patients, Height, Occlusal rim blocks.Statistical Investigation of the Standard Height of Occlusal Rim Blocks among Patients Attending Makerere University Dental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
References:
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Management of Public Sector Employee Engagement During the COVID-19 Era: Implications for Policies, Practices and Training NeedsAuthor: Grace Eleojo AbalakaDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art005
Management of Public Sector Employee Engagement During the COVID-19 Era: Implications for Policies, Practices and Training Needs
Abstract:
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019/2020, employees worldwide started the working from home (WFH) job pattern which required public sector organizational leaders to deal with problems arising from management of remote working staffs that were overwhelmed with trying to place a dividing line between their jobs and place of residence alongside learning new skills. This study is a descriptive, analytical, and explanatory cross-sectional survey utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data to determine the policies and processes that existed in State public sector organizations for the management of employees during an emergency such as COVID-19 that required remote working as well as their training requirements. Fifty-four public sector organizations participated in the study. Data collected from 54 in-depth interviews of organizational heads and questionnaire administered to 50 human resource managers revealed that availability of WFH policies and guidelines is significantly associated with self-confidence to engage employees remotely. Factors like availability of resources, ICT proficiency, flexibility, work-life balance, virtual platforms, and project management tools proficiencies influence effectiveness of engaging remote work in the public sector. This study revealed that 64% of public sector administrators require additional trainings for effective staff engagement. When organizational executives and HR managers successfully practice employee engagement, staff are enabled to create personal schedules that balance their jobs and lifestyle in the novel post-COVID-19 WFH realities. Such practices are likewise advantageous to organizations as staffs WFH would experience improved health and productivity thus lessening expenses associated with absenteeism and staff turnovers as well as augmenting corporate advancements.
Keywords: Employee Engagement, SHRM Policies, WFH, COVID-19.
Management of Public Sector Employee Engagement During the COVID-19 Era: Implications for Policies, Practices and Training Needs
References:
[1] Chen, Z. (2021). Influence of Working from Home During the COVID-19 Crisis and HR Practitioner Response. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(710517), 1-8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710517.
[2] Al-Mansour, J.F., & Al-Ajmi, S.A. (2020). Coronavirus ‘COVID-19’ – Supply Chain Disruption and Implications for Strategy, Economy, and Management. Journal of Asian Finance, Economies and Business: JAFEB, 7(9), 659-672. doi: 10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no9.659.
[3] Zou, P., Huo, D., & Li, M. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Firms: A Survey in Guangdong Province, China. Global Health Research and Policy, 5(41), 1-10. doi:10.1186/s41256-020-00166-z.
[4] Nutsubidze, N. & Schmidt, D.A. (2021). Rethinking the Role of HRM During COVID-19 Pandemic Era: Case of Kuwait. Review of Socio-Economic Perspectives, 6(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.19275/RSEP103.
[5] Desmond-Hellman, S. (2020, April 3). Preparing for the Next Pandemic. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/preparing-for-the-next-pandemic-11585936915.
[6] Berman, E.M., Bowman, J.S., West, J.P., & Van Wart, M.R. (2016). Human Resource Management in Public Service: Paradoxes, Processes, and Problems. (4th ed). SAGE Publications Inc.
[7] Perlman, B.J. (2016). Human Resource Management at the Local Level: Strategic Thinking and Tactical Action. State & Local Government Review, 48(2), 114-120. doi: 10.1177/0160323X16659115.
[8] Chanana, N. & Sangeeta, (2021). Employee Engagement Practices During COVID-19 Lockdown. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(e2508), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2508.
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Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria: A Review of the LiteratureAuthor: Halima MukaddasDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art006
Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria: A Review of the Literature
Abstract:
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a pervasive human rights issue of great public health importance in Nigeria. This article aims to review and synthesize available knowledge on Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria and provides information that fills the knowledge gap noted in international and global reports related to Nigeria’s experiences. A literature search was conducted on empirical studies in English using the keywords ‘Intimate, Partner, Violence, IPV AND Nigeria.’ The databases searched were Research for Life r4Life, Google Scholar and ProQuest Central and the articles included in this review cover studies published from 2008 to 2023. The results show that IPV studies have multidimensional approaches and are influenced by multi-level predictors across cultural, socioeconomic, and educational factors. Interventions are therefore multiprong to address specific aspects depending on the context. Regional differences exist giving varied results, each community setting may have peculiarities that cannot be generalized to every Nigerian community. Future research should focus on large-scale community-based primary research to address IPV.
Keywords: ‘Intimate, Partner, Violence, Domestic Violence, IPV AND Nigeria.
Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria: A Review of the Literature
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Empowering and Equipping Parents with the Basic Intervention Skills in Handling their Children with Special Learning NeedsAuthor: Bryan V. CatamaDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art007
Empowering and Equipping Parents with the Basic Intervention Skills in Handling their Children with Special Learning Needs
Abstract:
Parents of children with special learning needs face challenges balancing family needs without sacrificing care. For remote communities, difficulty accessing support compounds struggles. This qualitative phenomenological study explored an extension intervention program's effectiveness empowering parents of children with special needs. Through interviews with participating parents, thematic analysis revealed the program helped in three key empowerment dimensions. Firstly, parents transitioned from limited disability understanding to increased knowledge through educational resources. Secondly, feelings of isolation changed to supportive social networks via connections. Finally, the program equipped parents with resilience skills/mindsets moving from hopelessness towards effective coping. The multidimensional model addressed interrelated cognitive, social and emotional issues impacting parenting. Findings provide valuable insights how holistic, community programs successfully empower/support these families. Further research understands long term impacts and relationships to child outcomes.
Keywords: Coping skills, Disability intervention, Family-centered care, Parental empowerment, Resilience, Special needs children
Empowering and Equipping Parents with the Basic Intervention Skills in Handling their Children with Special Learning Needs
References:
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Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory. European Psychologist, 18, 12-23. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/A000124Viewed PDF 2087 67 -
Factors Affecting Skill Acquisition during Clinical Learning Among Preservice Registered Nursing Students at Levy Mwanawasa Medical University in Lusaka, ZambiaAuthor: Roseline TamboDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art008
Factors Affecting Skill Acquisition during Clinical Learning Among Preservice Registered Nursing Students at Levy Mwanawasa Medical University in Lusaka, Zambia
Abstract:
Clinical learning is integral to nursing education, essential for the competence development required in a three-year diploma program. This research aimed to investigate factors affecting skill acquisition during clinical learning among preservice Registered Nursing students at Levy Mwanawasa Medical University in Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional descriptive design, employing a self-administered adapted questionnaire pretested for reliability in the UK and Swaziland (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.77–0.96, correlation: 0.74) was used. Stratified random sampling based on training level selected 80 participants meeting inclusion criteria through a random sampling method. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression using SPSS version 26, with a 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level. The study identified four predictors significantly correlated with skill acquisition during clinical learning: inadequate supportive learning environment (100%, n=80, p=0.003), inadequate Student-Patients allocation (83.75%, p=0.048), and inadequate Resources (56.25%, p=0.002), and inadequate motivation to learn (51.25%, p=0.037). Incompetence of clinical instructors and mentors (57.5%, p=0.233) and mild Anxiety (85%, p=0.762). Binary Logistic Regression, adjusted for independent variables, indicated that an improved supportive learning environment decreased skill acquisition odds (Odds Ratio=0.049, p=0.025), while increased resource availability raised odds (Odds Ratio=3.338, p=0.01) for students who perceived these variables as inadequate. The omnibus test was significant (chi-square=14.095, p=0.015), accurately classifying 72.5% of cases. Collaboration among educators, clinical staff, and policymakers is crucial for enhancing nursing education quality by addressing factors affecting clinical skills acquisition.
Keywords: Anxiety, clinical learning, competence of clinical instructors and mentors, resources, skill acquisition, supportive learning environment.
Factors Affecting Skill Acquisition during Clinical Learning Among Preservice Registered Nursing Students at Levy Mwanawasa Medical University in Lusaka, Zambia
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Currie J, Grootemaat P E, Samsa P D, Halcomb E J and Thompson C J (2019) Topic 3: Clinical skill development, Centre for Health Service Development, Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong. AustraliaViewed PDF 2911 78 -
Unveiling the Nexus: Vulnerability to Psychological Distress and Childhood Violence among Adolescents in ZimbabweAuthor: Edson ChipaloDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art009
Unveiling the Nexus: Vulnerability to Psychological Distress and Childhood Violence among Adolescents in Zimbabwe
Abstract:
Exposure to multiple forms of violence increases the risk of developing psychiatric illnesses such as depression, PTSD, and other mental health problems. Despite this, studies investigating the relationship between psychological distress and childhood violence exposure are limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of childhood violence across psychological distress and examined the association between vulnerability to psychological distress and experiencing childhood violence among Zimbabwean adolescents. Utilizing data from the 2017 Zimbabwe Violence Against Children Survey (ZVACS), a representative household survey of adolescents aged 13 to 19 (n=5344), we employed chisquare tests to determine the prevalence estimates across independent and dependent variables. Additionally, four sets of logistic regression models (both unadjusted and adjusted) were performed to predict significant associations between independent and dependent variables. Prevalence results indicated that among adolescents experiencing moderate-to-severe psychological distress, 35.3% had experienced childhood physical violence, 27.2% emotional violence, 15% sexual violence, and 51.2% had been exposed to multiple forms of violence. Similarly, regression results indicated that adolescents with moderate-to-severe psychological distress had higher odds of experiencing childhood physical violence (aOR=2.13), emotional violence (aOR=3.69), sexual violence (aOR=1.93), and multiple forms of violence (aOR=2.59) compared to their counterparts without psychological distress in the past 30 days. These findings underscore the need for interventions that prioritize education and increased access to mental health treatment programs. Moreover, addressing evolving cultural norms and enforcing existing legislation to curb violence are crucial steps to mitigate the risk of further victimization in Zimbabwe.
Keywords: Psychological distress, emotional violence, sexual violence, physical violence, childhood, adolescence, Zimbabwe.
Unveiling the Nexus: Vulnerability to Psychological Distress and Childhood Violence among Adolescents in Zimbabwe
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Frieh, E.C., Stigma, trauma, and sexuality: the experiences of women hospitalised with serious mental illness. Sociology of Health & Illness, 2020. 42(3): p. 526-543.Viewed PDF 1700 18 -
The Essence of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems for Good Governance of Catholic Institutions in ZambiaAuthor: Jonas PhiriDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art010
The Essence of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems for Good Governance of Catholic Institutions in Zambia
Abstract:
Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are a process that involves collecting and analysing data to measure progress toward achieving specific goals and objectives. This process helps organisations to identify what is working and what is not and to make informed decisions on how to improve their programs and projects. This paper focuses on the necessity of M&E in Catholic institutions in Zambia, Lusaka in particular. It underscores the fact that there is no good governance in these institutions due to inadequate M&E mechanisms. The only means of M&E are meetings. The research was done in Lusaka District and some parts of Central Province. It was conducted in 7 institutions. The sample size was 257. There were 252 questionnaires which were administered purposively and randomly to those in the first line, middle and top leadership, and management positions, and 5 in-depth interviews were carried out purposively. It identifies the causes of poor governance as inadequate results-based M&E systems, deficient focus on Key Result Areas (KRAs) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and irregular monitoring of institutional activities. The recommendations were that there was need to build capacity in the areas of performance management, stewardship approach to management (good governance), and to enhance M&E systems. Theoretically, the results can be generalised to all Catholic institutions in Zambia.
Keywords: Catholic Institutions, Good Governance, Key Performance Indicators, Key Result Areas Monitoring and Evaluation, Stewardship.The Essence of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems for Good Governance of Catholic Institutions in Zambia
References:
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Suchal, B. (2023). Effective Methods of Performance Appraisal, https://www.google.com/search?q=suchal+bojamma+2023.Viewed PDF 1394 17 -
Differentials in Male Circumcision Prevalence, HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Behavioral Prevention Practices Among Men in NigeriaAuthor: Ikenna Obasi OdiiDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art011
Differentials in Male Circumcision Prevalence, HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Behavioral Prevention Practices Among Men in Nigeria
Abstract:
Compelling evidence regarding the HIV/AIDS reduction potentials of male circumcision abounds in sub-Saharan Africa, but men aged 15 to 59 years in Nigeria are mostly circumcised already. Yet, Nigeria continues to experience tens of thousands of deaths due to HIV/AIDS yearly, accounting for one of the highest HIV burdens worldwide. Differentials that may account for new HIV infections and high HIV prevalence rates need to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of male circumcision and determine the association between HIV/AIDS/STIs knowledge, contraception methods, and HIV prevention behavioral practices amongst men in Nigeria. This study utilized the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (n= 13,311). Chi-square tests were used to determine the prevalence of male circumcision. Two binary logistic regression models were performed to predict the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The prevalence of male circumcision was higher among men with knowledge of HIV/AIDS (98%) and other STIs (74%), used condoms (70.7%), and only 2.5% of men who sought advice/treatment were circumcised. Further evidence suggested that knowledge of HIV/AIDS was associated with higher odds of consistent condom use (AOR = 2.37; 95% CI =1.12 – 5.02), and knowledge of other STIs was significantly associated with higher odds of seeking advice/treatment for the last STIs (AOR= 3.06; 95% CI = 1.88 – 4.99). This suggests that comprehensive education regarding HIV/AIDS and STIs if prioritized may serve as both a protective and preventive mechanism to achieve HIV epidemic control among men in Nigeria.
Keywords: Circumcised men, HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS knowledge, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Sexual behaviors, Nigeria.Differentials in Male Circumcision Prevalence, HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Behavioral Prevention Practices Among Men in Nigeria
References:
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Hassan, A., et al., Sexual behavior and knowledge of reproductive health and HIV prevention among secondary school students in Nigeria. International Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 2016: p. 231-238.Viewed PDF 2502 48 -
The Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Subsequent Association with Exposure to Childhood Violence and Mental Health Outcomes for Adolescents and Young Adults in ZimbabweAuthor: Edson ChipaloDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art012
The Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Subsequent Association with Exposure to Childhood Violence and Mental Health Outcomes for Adolescents and Young Adults in Zimbabwe
Abstract:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a major public health concern for young people in developing nations, impacting approximately two-thirds of individuals below the age of 25. This study examined the prevalence and the association between self-reported STIs, childhood violence exposure, and mental health outcomes among adolescents and young adults (13-24 years old) in Zimbabwe. Secondary data from the 2017 Zimbabwe Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (n=8,715) was utilized. Data analysis was performed using chisquare to determine the prevalence estimates for bivariate. Seven logistic regression models were used to examine the significant association between independent variables and outcomes for multivariate. About 45.5% of adolescents and young adults with self-reported STIs were exposed to multiple forms of childhood violence, 49.8% reported lifetime suicide risk, and 44.9% reported moderate-to-severe mental distress in the past 30 days. Furthermore, logistic regression results indicated that adolescents and young adults with self-reported STI diagnoses were more likely to be exposed to multiple forms of childhood violence, including physical, emotional, and sexual violence, as well as mental distress in the past 30 days and lifetime suicide risk compared to those without STIs. Therefore, this study underscores the importance of implementing comprehensive public health strategies to protect the wellbeing of adolescents and young adults with STIs. Interventions should also prioritize raising awareness, destigmatizing STIs, implementing and strengthening violence prevention policies, and addressing mental health problems through community mental health treatment programs in Zimbabwe.
Keywords: Childhood violence, Emotional violence, Exposure, Mental distress, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Suicide risk, Zimbabwe.The Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Subsequent Association with Exposure to Childhood Violence and Mental Health Outcomes for Adolescents and Young Adults in Zimbabwe
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Research Output and Knowledge Translation Among Faculty Members of University of Technology, JamaicaAuthor: Abubakar Garba UsmanDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art013
Research Output and Knowledge Translation Among Faculty Members of University of Technology, Jamaica
Abstract:
Universities are very important assets to produce research knowledge. The three major responsibilities of university faculty members are teaching, research, and community service. Balancing these three responsibilities is often very challenging, and the work that suffers most is research. The government of every nation looks up to its universities to produce research knowledge. The goal is to investigate the research output and knowledge translation among faculty members at Jamaica’s national university. A descriptive quantitative cross-sectional design was used for this study. This design was used to collect data from faculty members at one point in time. Most of the respondents (56.3%) perceived a lack of protected time for research as a barrier to research productivity. Seventy-five percent of the respondents reported having published one research article as the first author in the last two years. The majority (75%) of the respondents have concerns about the research policy of the university. The most common perceived barrier to knowledge translation (KT) was a lack of awareness of the concept of KT. The faculty members are experiencing challenges in conducting research and translating research findings.
Keywords: Knowledge translation, Research output.Research Output and Knowledge Translation Among Faculty Members of University of Technology, Jamaica
References:
[1] Muia A M and Oringo J. O., 2016, Constraints on Research Productivity in Kenyan Universities: Case Study of University of Nairobi, Kenya retrived from Constraints on Research Productivity in Kenyan Universities: Case Study of University of Nairobi, Kenya|Semantic Scholar.
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Enhancing Strategic Planning for High - Performance of Catholic Institutions in ZambiaAuthor: Jonas PhiriDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art014
Enhancing Strategic Planning for High - Performance of Catholic Institutions in Zambia
Abstract:
The Church is a non-profit commonweal and service organization. She exists for the promotion of integral human development. She does this through her institutions of education, health, spiritual - pastoral and social welfare. However, most of these Catholic institutions are managed with insufficient strategic planning. As a result, low performance characterizes them. The focus of this paper is enhancing strategic planning for high - performance of Catholic institutions in Zambia. It underscores the need for strategic planning for efficient and effective management of Catholic institutions and identifies deficient proficiency because of inadequate strategic planning. The study was conducted in seven (7) institutions in Lusaka District and some parts of Central Province. The sample size was 257. There were 252 questionnaires which were administered purposively and randomly to first line, middle and top leadership, and management positions, and 5 in-depth interviews were purposively carried out. The research discovered that Catholic institutions were not proficient because they did not have a clear vision, precise policies and procedures, sufficient financial capacity and did not have the ability to adapt to changing times. Recommendations were made thus, to build capacity of leaders and managers in the areas of management audit, leadership and management development, and strategic management. Theoretically, the results can be generalised to all Catholic institutions in Zambia.
Keywords: Catholic institutions, management audit, leadership and management development, Strategic planning, strategic management.Enhancing Strategic Planning for High - Performance of Catholic Institutions in Zambia
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Topological Relation Aware TransformerAuthor: Nathan Manzambi NdongalaDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art015
Topological Relation Aware Transformer
Abstract:
We present a Topological Relation Aware Transformer (T-RAT), a specialized head transformer to open sets, an element of the topology τ generated by the set S, the set of all pre-existing relations between input tokens of the model. From this topological space (S, τ), we present the way to spread each open set to one head of our Transformer. T-RAT improves exact match accuracy in Text-To-SQL challenge (62.09%) without any enhancement of large language models compared to the baseline models RAT-SQL (57.2%) and Light RAT-SQL (60.25%).
Keywords: Deep learning, Natural Language Processing, Neural Semantic Parsing, Relation Aware Transformer, RAT-SQL, Text-To-SQL Transformer.
Topological Relation Aware Transformer
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How the Learning Disabilities Cause Psychosocial Problems among children in South Sudan: A Case of Jamjang Refugee CampsAuthor: Abraham Ngor AchiekDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art016
How the Learning Disabilities Cause Psychosocial Problems among children in South Sudan: A Case of Jamjang Refugee Camps
Abstract:
The study on the learning disabilities and associated psychosocial problems among children in South Sudan started in 2022 to 2024. The deepening loneliness and vulnerability of the children with the learning disabilities that influence the psychosocial problems among children resulted from the conflict in Sudan, which scattered families, social fabric, community structures, and pushed the families to seek international protection. The families have limited access to livelihood and highly dependent on relief services that exacerbate the situation for nurturing children. The study aimed at ascertaining the presence of the learning disabilities, associated psychosocial problems and the ways to mitigate and address a growing phenomenon among refugee children in Jamjang camps. The study employed qualitative, quantitative, and ethnographical/anthropological method to explore the growing phenomenon. The tools used in the design includes questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The study ascertained the presence of the learning disabilities among children which consists of dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, auditory processing disorder, visual and perceptual disorder. These conditions were manifested in deficiency to write, spell, comprehend, articulate written point, grammatical errors, arithmetic calculation, and inattention. The study confirmed how the learning disabilities cause the psychosocial problems which includes low self-esteem, lack of confidence, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, bully, stigma, and neglect. The finding confirmed the phenomenon can be addressed through mental health support, multisensory approaches, and Skinner’s Operant conditioning theory; Cognitive Behavioral theory of Bandura are crucial in reducing the adverse effects of the phenomenon.
Keywords: Anxiety, Dyslexia, Depression, Dysgraphia, Learning Disabilities, Psychosocial.
How the Learning Disabilities Cause Psychosocial Problems among children in South Sudan: A Case of Jamjang Refugee Camps
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Evaluating Smartphone Ownership and Usage for Maternal and Child Health in a Ugandan SlumAuthor: Michael MukiibiDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.11.01.Art017
Evaluating Smartphone Ownership and Usage for Maternal and Child Health in a Ugandan Slum
Abstract:
This research explores smartphone ownership and usage among Ugandan slum-dwelling women, assessing their readiness for mobile health maternal and child health interventions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a survey of 200 women and in-depth interviews with 23 participants. Findings reveal significant smartphone usage and a positive disposition towards receiving health information digitally. Women valued the informative nature and convenience of health messages on their phones. Challenges identified include costs and technological literacy. The study underscores the potential of mHealth solutions in low-income settings, highlighting the necessity for accessible and user-friendly technology.
Keywords: mHealth, Maternal Health, Smartphone Ownership, Slum Settings, Technology Acceptance, User Attitude, Uganda.
Evaluating Smartphone Ownership and Usage for Maternal and Child Health in a Ugandan Slum
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