Abstract:

This article examines the effects of socio-economic conditions on children, specifically focusing on how low income can lead to marital tensions. These tensions, in turn, negatively affect parenting styles, which impacts adolescents' adjustment within their families, their relationships with their parents, and their overall health and social development. This article also discusses physical development, cognitive development, and emotional and social development in Adolescents supported by Erikson’s theory on adolescence, and previous empirical studies. The article concludes with 10 helpful tips professionals can use when working with low-income families.

References:

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Abstract:

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe illness marked by a minimum of one distinct episode of depression lasting for a minimum of 2 weeks. This period is defined by clear shifts in mood, interests, and pleasure, as well as alterations in cognitive function and vegetative symptoms. On a global scale, it is considered one of the primary causes of illness burden, especially in North America. The treatment landscape for major depressive disorder (MDD) heavily relies on serotonergic drugs, despite their limited efficacy, prompting the search for new mechanisms and targets. This has led to the exploration of other processes and targets in search of novel treatment approaches. Recent endeavors in drug discovery have produced some innovative candidates, although a significant number of them have proven unsuccessful in clinical testing. The pressing want for safer and more efficacious antidepressants highlights the significance of continuous research endeavors. A full discussion is provided on the development of clinical research on potential medications and recent advancements in the discovery of small-molecule therapeutics. The primary objective of the study is to offer a comprehensive assessment of the existing status of antidepressant therapy, with the goal of guiding future research endeavors. The review contributes to the collective effort to improve outcomes for individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) by explaining the intricacies of depression and the ongoing progress in drug research.

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Abstract:

Organizations have over the years been bedevilled with challenges ranging from the level of competition, to how they satisfy their customers, and how to acquire a large percentage of the market share, amongst others. To build and maintain competitive advantage therefore, organizations would typically define a set of strategic priorities upon which the pillars which would facilitate the attainment of its corporate vision, would be built. However, for the priorities to deliver the desired value to the organization, they must be executed correctly and timely. Strategy, therefore, no matter how beautifully curated and well-intended, without a sound execution plan, may not deliver on its promise because the correlation between both is dependent. Some things are thus important such as an understanding of the factors which can encumber strategy, good leadership (from top to bottom), alignment of strategy with other organizational parts, sound performance management system, concise and effective communication, amongst others. A study of a globally recognized financial enterprise with a presence in four continents, on how well effective Execution could impact Strategy, was carried out using a convergent parallel design approach because of its capability to seamlessly combine the rudiments of stratified and cluster sampling. The Regression results exposed a significant relationship between Strategy Execution and Corporate Value with an R value of 0.61. An F-value variance test result of 141.62; p < 0.05 revealed a statistical significance; while a β = 0.61; p < .05 helped to demonstrate that strategy execution significantly influenced corporate value completed the analysis.

References:

[1].   Hambrick, D. C. & Fredrickson, J. W. (2005), Are you sure you have a strategy? Academy of Management Perspectives, 19(4), 51-62.

[2].   Cote, C., (2020). 5 Keys to Successful Strategy Execution. Retrieved November 17, 2023, from https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/strategy-execution

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[7].   Hudiwinarsih, G. (2020). The importance of Corporate social responsibility in improving corporate value: Case study of public companies in indonesia. International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486), 9(3), 121-130.

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[9].   Barrett, R. (2013). The values-driven organization: Unleashing human potential for performance and profit. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203066515

[10].  Baird, K., Su, S., & Munir, R. (2023). The mediating role of levers of controls on the association between sustainable leadership and organisational resilience. Journal of Management Control, 34(2), 167-200.

[11].  Soares Piccoli, M., Diehl, C. A., & Nascimento, A. J. D. (2023). The effect of the belief system on a temporary construction business consortium. European Business Review, 35(3), 426-443.

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Abstract:

Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a widely adopted approach to address health issues related to open defecation. While CLTS has shown success in arid and semi-arid regions, there is limited understanding of its implementation, particularly regarding the engagement and expertise of Community-Based Health Workers (CBHWs). This study aimed to assess the knowledge levels of CBHWs on the CLTS approach in Turkana County, Kenya. A community-based cross-sectional design was employed, involving 200 CBHWs and 430 households, selected through multistage sampling. Additionally, 21 key informants were purposively sampled. Quantitative data was managed and analysed using Excel and STATA version 17, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data was analysed using NVivo, with thematic methods applied to identify key insights. The findings indicate that the majority of CBHWs in Turkana County possess a strong understanding of CLTS principles, with 75.51% of participants rating their knowledge as "Very Good" and 24.49% as "Excellent." Around 80% of CBHWs have undergone formal training in CLTS, primarily through workshops and seminars, reflecting the critical role of structured training in their effectiveness. This study underscores the robust knowledge of CLTS among CBHWs in Turkana County. However, it also reveals certain knowledge gaps and challenges in the implementation process, highlighting the need for ongoing training and empowerment of CBHWs to enhance CLTS outcomes.

References:

[1].   Kar, K., 2000, Community-Led Total Sanitation: An Overview. Journal of Development Studies, 36(3), 23-45, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09614520050009243.

[2].   Kar, K., 2011, Scaling Up Community-Led Total Sanitation. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 21(2), 115-125, https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article/1/1/2/10011/CLTS-The-experience-of-scaling-up.

[3].   Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), 2011, Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS): Lessons Learned. Water and Sanitation Program, Retrieved from https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp/files/publications/WSP-CLTS-Lessons-Learned.pdf.

[4].   UNICEF, 2012, Open Defecation Free Status: Pathway to Improved Sanitation, Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/documents/open-defecation-free-status-pathway-improved-sanitation.

[5].   Chambers, R., 2009, Reversing the Trend: A New Approach to Sanitation. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(5), 707-715, https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/ehp.7485.

[6].   Government of Kenya (GoK), 2011, Open Defecation Free Rural Kenya Campaign, Retrieved from https://www.gok.go.ke/reports/odf-rural-kenya.

[7].   Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), 2014, Progress Report on ODF Kenya, Retrieved from https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp/files/publications/WSP-ODF-Kenya.pdf.

[8].   Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), 2014, Concentration of ODF Villages in Kenya, Retrieved from https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp/files/publications/WSP-ODF-Concentration.pdf.

[9].   United Nations (UN), 2015, Millennium Development Goals Report, Retrieved from https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDGS_Report.pdf.

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[12].  UNICEF, 2019, Access to Sanitation: A Global Perspective, Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/who-reports/2019-access-sanitation.

[13].  World Health Organization (WHO), 2013, Cholera Outbreaks, Retrieved from https://www.who.int/cholera/outbreaks/en/.

[14].  World Health Organization (WHO), 2018, Typhoid and Trachoma Health Impacts of Poor Sanitation, Retrieved from https://www.who.int/typhoid_trachoma_health_impacts_poor_sanitation/en/.

[15].  World Health Organization (WHO), 2017, Water-Related Diseases in Kenya, Retrieved from https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/water_related_diseases_kenya/en/

[16].  Dreibelbis, R., 2013, Impact of Open Defecation on Community Health. Journal of Rural Health, 29(4), 512-525, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jrh.12451.

[17].  Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), 2019, Population and Housing Census 2019, Retrieved from https://www.knbs.or.ke/population-and-housing-census-2019.

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[20].  World Bank, 2021, Economic Impact of Poor Sanitation, Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/economic-impact-of-poor-sanitation.

[21].  Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), 2019, Population and Housing Census, Retrieved from https://www.knbs.or.ke/population-and-housing-census-2019.

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[23].  World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 2018, Climate Impact on Turkana, Retrieved from https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/imd/Climate-Impact-Turkana.html.

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Abstract:

Suicide is a profound public health issue globally, prompting healthcare systems and accreditation bodies like The Joint Commission (TJC) to emphasize the necessity of suicide risk screening in clinical settings. Healthcare providers and administrators tasked with implementing screening programs must choose from several validated tools, considering factors such as ease of administration, the age groups they are intended for, and the reliability of supporting data. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of concise suicide risk screening tools found in the literature. While these tools can effectively identify potential risks, they may not comprehensively identify all individuals at risk of suicide, highlighting the importance of complementing screening with thorough clinical assessments by trained professionals. Therefore, while brief screening tools provide valuable initial insights, their integration into hospital protocols should be accompanied by awareness of their limitations and the implementation of comprehensive suicide risk management strategies. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ), Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire–Revised (SBQ-R) and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS triage version) scales are the great tools in examining the suicide risk. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) has become a widely utilized tool for evaluating suicidal ideation and behavior across diverse populations, including adolescents and adults.

References:

Abstract:

Contraceptive use has increased throughout the world over the years. They are classified into two categories; Short-term term methods which are used within three months and long term used longer than three months. The study aimed to establish the various factors influencing the utilization of family planning methods by women in the Ting’ang’a Location of Kiambu East District. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, and 300 women aged 15 to 49 participated. Structured questionnaires, in-depth interview guides, and FGD were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A chi-square test at 95% C.l. was used to test the association of variables regarding knowledge, attitude, and cultural practice of Family planning. Out of 300 respondents, 70.3% were married and 17.0% were single. Their mean age was 30.69 years ± 7.905, the youngest being 15 years, the oldest 49 years.  There were 97.0% Christians and 3.0% others and 65.7% had attained primary school. 50.0% currently use modern contraceptives. The Utilization rate was classified as Depo-Provera (50.0%), Implant (21.7%), Pills (19.2%), IUCD (5.6%), Tuba-ligation (1.0%), and others (2.5%). Level of education had no significant (P= 0.490) influence on the current use of FP methods. However, two variables were significant: the age of respondents (P= 0.000) and knowledge of the benefits of FP ( P= 0.000) respectively had an influence on the current use of family planning methods. There was high awareness of FP methods; half of the respondents were currently using a contraceptive. Culture was a key hindrance, constituting 91.1%.

References:

[1].   World Health Organization, 2024, Reproductive Health [online], available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception, access September 22, 2024

[2].   World Health Organization, 2022, Improving access to quality care in Family Planning. [online] Geneva: Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. available at http://www.fhi.org/en/RH/Pubs/Network/v161/nt1617.htm; (accessed on June 5, 2024)

[3].   Saunders, O. C., Dang, Q. P., Murray, J., 2019, Reproductive Rights, Reproductive Justice: Redefining Challenges to Create Optimal Health for All Women. J Healthc Sci Humanit, Summer; 9(1), 19-31. PMID: 36819759; PMCID: PMC9930478. [online] available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930478/, accessed September 20, 2024

[4].   World Health Organization, 2023, fact-sheets/detail/family-planning [online], available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception, access September 20, 2024

[5].   United Nations, 2022, World Contraceptive Use  [online] http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/ contraceptive2022/wcu2022 (accessed on June 7, 2024).

[6].   Teal, S., Edelman, A., 2021, Contraception Selection, Effectiveness, and Adverse Effects: A Review. JAMA. 326(24):2507–2518. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.21392 [online] available at https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2787541, accessed September 20, 2024.

[7].   Trussell, J., Leveque, J., Koenig, D., London, R., Borden, S., Henneberry, J., LaGuardia, K., Steward, F., Wilson, T., Wysocki, S., 2021, The economic value of contraception: a comparison of 15 methods. [online] Am J Public Health, available at: http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/23/6/1338  (accessed on April 7, 2024).

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[9].   Cowling, N., 2023, Contraceptive use among women in Kenya 2010-2021 [online] available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/1281068/contraceptive-prevalence-rate-among-women-in-kenya/, accessed September 20, 2024.

[10].  Kenya Demographic Health Survey, 2021, Expanding women’s choices in the use of contraceptives.  [online]  Division of reproductive health, www.fhi.org/en/RH/Pubs/servdelivery/kenyabriefs/ expanding.htm (accessed June 21, 2024).

[11].  Amran, Y., Nasir, N., Dachlia, D., Yelda, F., Utomo, B., Ariawan, I., Damayanti, R., 2019, SP - T1 - Perception of Contraception and Switching the Methods of Contraception among Family-Planning Acceptors in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, VL  - 52 DO - 10.3961/jpmph.18.198, JO - Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health [online] available at ttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/334574874_Perception_of_Contraception_and_Switching_the_ Methods_of_Contraception_among_Family-Planning_Acceptors_in_West_Nusa_Tenggara_Indonesia/citation/ download, accessed September 21, 2024.

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Abstract:

Electronic banking products are choice alternative to cash payments, globally. However, local people to prefer cash payment in developing environments. The local markets in Abeokuta South Local government area are just like any other local market in developing economies where cash is the major means of payment. The study was carried out to see how fear of e-fraud affect buyers and sellers, in the choice of what payment method to use, in the area of study. With a sample of 50 respondents taken at random from each of the four main local markets, and analyzed with inferential statistics. The result revealed that the market people did not have the same level of fear for all the products. Result showed people felt safer with POS transactions as compared to other electronic platforms.

References:

[1].   Adegboyega, J. E., Tomola, M. O., 2018, Card Frauds and Customers’ Confidence in Alternative Banking Channels in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal June 2018 edition Vol.14, No.16 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431, pp. 1857- 7431.

[2].   Babatunde, M. O., Mary, K. S., Aderemi, D. A., 2020, E-Fraud in Nigerian Banks: Why and How? Retrieved from efraud in Nigeria: https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=102767

[3].   Eneji, S. E., Angib, M. U., Ibe, W. E., Ekwegh, K. C., 2019, A Study of Electronic Banking Fraud Fraud Detection and Control. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, pp. 709-711.

[4].   Fadayo, O. M., 2018, An Examination of E-Banking Fraud Prevention and Detection in Nigerian Banks. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/93245447/An_Examination_of_E_Banking_Fraud_Prevention_and_Detection_in_Nigerian_Banks

[5].   Indiana State Board of Accounts, 2024, What is Fraud. Retrieved from What is Fraud: https://www.in.gov/sboa/files/Fraud-and-Business-Ethics.pdf

[6].   MacEwan University, 2024, What is fraud. Retrieved from What is fraud: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.macewan.ca/c/documents/ias_fraudbulletin_1.pdf.

[7].   Maniyar, D., 2019, Financial Statement Frauds & The Fraud Triangle. Retrieved from Linked In: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/financial-statement-frauds-fraud-triangle-dhaval-maniyar/.

[8].   Novita, P., 2016, Fraud theory evolution and its relevance to fraud prevention in the village government in Indonesia, Asia Pacific Fraud Journal (apfj - association of certified fraud examiners, acfe).

[9].   Obadeyi, J., 2022, Electronic Banking Fraud and Commercial Banks’ Performance: An Empirical Prove of Nigeria, International Journal of Innovative Research in Accounting and Sustainability, 89.

[10].  Punch Newspaper, 2017, Cartel running Nigeria’s banking sector, CBN losing control – Senate. Récupéré sur Cartel running Nigeria’s banking sector, CBN losing control – Senate: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=NG.

Abstract:

The study seeks to explore the concepts of self-efficacy, competency-based training and leadership as they relate to middle managers in Jamaican public schools. The overall purpose of this research is to encourage research centred around garnering the perspectives of key stakeholders of education. The research seeks to ascertain whether or not purposeful competency-based training programmes are required for current and prospective middle managers, to increase their levels of self-efficacy and leadership skillsets to perform optimally in their roles. Many studies have purported that leadership in primary and secondary schools in Jamaica is an area which requires much focus and intervention for the desired outcomes to be realized. Priority needs to be placed on leaders building on their repertoire of competencies and self-efficacy so they can be better at what they do. In so doing they will be stronger as leaders and better equipped to lead and ascend to higher levels. The researcher seeks to collect the viewpoints of administrators, middle managers and classroom teachers in Jamaican public schools; using a structured and quantitative research approach, specifically employing a survey method. The research seeks to examine the areas of concern identified and provide support structures and much-needed information about addressing training and competency needs. The research also aims to encourage further research in this area. In so doing, greater awareness will be brought about regarding self-efficacy, competency-based training and leadership of middle managers in public schools in Jamaica.

References:

Abstract:

For cashless economy to be achieved in Nigeria, it must also be successful at the grass root. The local market is one of the basic places where buying and selling takes place and is used by all manners of people in the society. However, this part of the society seems to be slow in adopting electronic payment methods. The researcher employed a structured questionnaire constructed by specialists to study the behaviour of traders (buyers and sellers) in local markets. Data was obtained on the payment behaviour, from traders (buyers and sellers) in the local markets in Abeokuta South local government area of Ogun state (Nigeria) and analysed using descriptive statistics. The result showed that people have high tendency to make payments in cash because their perception favoured cash payments. There was relative ease of usage of cash and ready availability as compared to other payment methods. It was therefore recommended that other payment platforms be made simple enough, for people to naturally prefer them over cash payments.

References:

Abstract:

Cervical cancer remains a significant public health challenge, particularly among women living with HIV/AIDS. This paper aims to explore the prevalence and health outcomes associated with cervical cancer among females living with HIV/AIDS in Abuja, Nigeria. To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional retrospective study design was used to determine the prevalence of cervical cancer in females living with HIV between January 2022 to December 2023. Data was collected by use of folders and clients’ records, well-articulated personal interviews, questionnaires and forms. A random sampling method was adopted to make sure that all important groups are captured including different age grades, socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs, tribe, marital status, educational level, religion, sexual behavior, and parity. Data extracted was inputted in Microsoft Excel 2010, analysis was done using statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). At the end of this analysis, the result showed that the prevalence of cervical cancer among females living with HIV/AIDS in Abuja is 4% which indicates that cervical cancer is a significant public health issue among HIV-positive women in Abuja. While this rate may appear modest, it is considerably higher than the general population, underscoring the heightened risk faced by females living with HIV.

References:

Abstract:

Cervical cancer remains a significant public health issue, especially among women living with HIV/AIDS. This dissertation explores the risk factors contributing to the increased prevalence and severity of cervical cancer in this population. To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional retrospective study design was used to determine the risk factors of cervical cancer in females living with HIV between January 2022 to December 2023. Data was collected by use of folders and clients’ records, well-articulated personal interviews, questionnaires and forms. A random sampling method was adopted to make sure that all important groups are captured including different age grades, socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs, tribe, marital status, educational level, religion, sexual behavior, and parity. Data extracted was inputted in Microsoft Excel 2010, analysis was done using statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). At the end of this analysis, the result showed that the risk factors of cervical cancer among females living with HIV/AIDS in Abuja include age (25-29 and 40-44), non-employment, no source of income, living in rural areas, illiteracy, low CD4 count/unsuppressed viral load, Muslim religion, marriage and large number of children. This indicates that cervical cancer is a significant public health issue among HIV-positive women in Abuja. By preventing these risk factors in this vulnerable population, cervical cancer prevalence can be reduced to the barest minimum.

References:

Abstract:

The patient was diagnosed with cysticercosis which is caused by a larval form of the tapeworm Taenia Solium, or cysticercus. This case presented with solitary muscular involvement without any neurological or systemic symptoms. Typically diagnosed via histopathology or MRI, this was identified using CT scanning. Treatment involved successful surgical excision followed by traditional medications such as anthelmintics and steroids.

References:

[1].   Ramraje, S., Bhatia, V., and Goel, A., 2011, Solitary intramuscular cysticercosis—A report of two cases, AMJ 4, 58–60, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562971/

[2].   Tripathy, S. K., Sen, R. K., Akkina, N., Hampannavar, A., Tahasildar, N., and Limaye, R., 2012, Role of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of intramuscular cysticercosis, Skeletal Radiol. 41, 1061–1066 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22101866/

[3].   Liu, H., Juan, Y. H., Wang, W., Liang, C., Zhou, H., Ghonge, N. P., and Saboo, S. S., 2013, Intramuscular cysticercosis starry sky appearance, QJM - Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians, 107 (6), pp. 459-461, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24300159/

[4].   García, H. H., Gonzalez, A. E., Evans, C. A. W., and Gilman, R. H., 2003, Taenia solium cysticercosis, Lancet 361, 547–556. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12932389/

[5].   Chatterji, K. D., 1980, Parasitology, Protozoology, and Helminthology in Relation to Clinical Medicine, 5th ed., Chatterjee Medical Publishers. https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Parasitology_protozoology_and_Helminthol.html?id=pIwvnwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y

[6].   Mittal, A., and Sharma, N. S., 2008, Psoas muscle cysticercosis presenting as acute appendicitis, J. Clin. Ultrasound 36, 430–431 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18508325/

[7].   Jankharia, B. G., Chavhan, G. B., Krishnan, P., and Jankharia, B., 2005, MRI and ultrasound in solitary muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis, Skeletal Radiol 34, 722–726 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16167132/

[8].   Ramraje, S., Bhatia, V., and Goel, A., 2011, Solitary intramuscular cysticercosis—A report of two cases, Australas. Med. J. 4, 58–60. Doi: 10.4066/AMJ.2011.483. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562971/

Abstract:

The maximum duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation remains unknown. Hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypovolemia, acidosis, hypoxia, hypothermia, thrombosis-coronary and pulmonary, cardiac tamponade, toxins, and tension pneumothorax are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest. We report a case of successful prolonged resuscitation for cardiac arrest due to severe hyperkalemia and severe metabolic acidosis in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. Our patient is unique in that he had multiple long-standing comorbidities in prolonged cardiac arrest with multiple reversible causes, such as hyperkaliemia and severe metabolic acidosis, and was successfully resuscitated. Patients who undergo prolonged CPR can survive with good outcomes. Young age, myocardial infarction, and potentially reversible causes of cardiac arrest such as hypothermia and pulmonary emboli predict favorable results, especially when the arrest is witnessed, followed by prompt and good resuscitative efforts.

References:

Abstract:

There is a dearth of information on factors affecting the use and sustainable adoption of digital health tools by primary healthcare workers. Improved digital health frameworks require more field evidence. We assessed factors affecting the use and sustainable adoption of the digital health tools in primary healthcare centres in Northern Nigeria. A cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted among PHC staff in Abuja, Niger and Nasarawa States. Purposive and simple random sampling were used to collect data from healthcare practitioners using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. The study used a Chi-square test for bivariate analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for complex relationships between variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance and a 95% confidence level. The results showed that age (χ² = 203.64, p < 0.001), sex (χ² = 136.92, p < 0.001), marital status (χ² = 44.64, p < 0.001), education level (χ² = 8.37, p = 0.007), rate of IT knowledge (χ² = 228.22, p < 0.001), profession (χ² = 151.55, p < 0.001), geographical location (χ² = 212.79, p < 0.001) were factors that influenced adoption. There is a significant relationship between perceived usefulness, relative advantage, awareness, data security and the adoption of digital health tools (χ² = 39.57, p < 0.001), (χ² = 123.55, p < 0.001), (χ² = 102.29, p < 0.001), (χ² = 48.26, p < 0.001) respectively. This study found enabling and hindering elements affecting digital health systems. To promote use and sustainable adoption, all stakeholders must actively overcome challenges.

References:

Abstract:

This study assessed the determinants influencing the adoption of digital health tools for public health emergencies in primary healthcare centres in Nigeria. The research was conducted in registered primary healthcare centres located in Abuja-Federal Capital Territory, Niger, and Nasarawa in Northcentral Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed, utilizing pretested semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. The findings revealed the recent implementation of 11 digital health tools. The tools were classified into categories: Disease Surveillance and Response Systems, Data Collection, Analytics, Visualization and Use, and Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Key factors affecting the adoption of these tools included Age (χ² = 203.64, p < 0.001), Sex (χ² = 136.92, p < 0.001), Marital Status (χ² = 44.64, p < 0.001), Level of Education (χ² = 8.37, p = 0.007), Rate of IT Knowledge (χ² = 228.22, p < 0.001), Profession (χ² = 151.55, p < 0.001), and PHC (χ² = 212.79, p < 0.001). The findings indicate that multiple demographic and professional factors significantly influence the adoption of digital health tools. The research identified key factors that affect the effective implementation and adoption of these technologies. Identified key enablers comprise robust infrastructure, stakeholder engagement, policy development, financial sustainability, and user-centred design. By addressing these barriers and leveraging identified enablers, Nigeria can improve its preparedness and response to public health emergencies, thereby enhancing healthcare outcomes and greater equity in health services. This study offered insights and recommendations for policymakers and practitioners focused on advancing sustainable digital health initiatives Nigeria.

References: