Abstract:

The study evaluated the implementation of the Science-Technology-Society (STS) concept during science instruction in secondary schools and the possible constraints to its implementation and the possible solutions the identified constraints.

The sample consisted of fifteen schools in Makoni District of Manicaland and involved all the Science Heads of department in the schools including five form four students per each sampled school. The total number of participants was ninety.

Data was collected using questionnaires, lesson observations and interviews. Results reflected great discrepancy between the intended and the actual implementation processes taking place in schools. The results show that the majority of the science teachers used the lecture method as opposed to the recommended child centered science teaching approaches. Half the numbers of the teachers are not well versed with the concept of STS. There is a critical shortage of science teachers. Lack of resources, staff development workshops and poor science infrastructure in schools are negatively affecting the implementation of science-technology-society education in the schools.

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Abstract:

Background: Stress is a term that refers to the sum of physical, mental and emotional strains or tensions on a person. Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, and poor concentration. Psychological Stress among medical students is common as compared to other professional courses. The aim of the study is to study the association between Psychological Stress and Depression among undergraduate medical students in Asia Metropolitan University.

Methods: A Cross sectional study was undertaken among 75 medical students in a private medical college, Johor Bahru. Validated questionnaires such as General Health Questionnaire (GHQ -12) and Beck depression Inventory (BDI) were used to screen Psychological Stress and Depression respectively.

Results: Prevalence of Psychological Stress was 39.7% and Depression was 38.2% among medical students. There was a significant association between Psychological stress and Depression among medical students because the p-value <0.01.

Conclusion: Emphasize should be laid on the importance of screening for Depression of medical students on a regular basis for early detection and rendering appropriate intervention like student Mentorship Program, group counseling, stress management training to protect the future professionals.

References:

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Abstract:

Physical activity plays an important role in prevention of chronic diseases; insight into the interaction between physical activity and health need to be quantified. The research goal was to investigate relationship between anthropometric parameters and physical fitness in learners with visual impairment. Twenty one male students with various degree of visual impairment participated (aged: 24-51 years) and tested on (1) six anthropometric predictors, including body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-to hip ratio (WHR), and (2) five Physical Fitness Factors (PFF) measuring: Heat rate, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, right and left grip strength, flexibility and Aerobic endurance. Correlation and survey research design was adopted for the study. Descriptive statistic (mean, S.D) and inferential statistic (Pearson correlation and regression) were computed with SPSS version 20. Linear (y = a + bx) and multiple linear (y = a + b₁x₁ + b₂x₂ …..b_nx_n) equations were calculated to determine the degree of association and predict PFF from respective anthropometric variables. All anthropometric parameters produced an extremely weak relationship with physical fitness factors. In this study, no association is found between body weight and systolic blood pressure, no relationship between hip circumference and static right grip strength. Considering the goal of this research, it is concluded that there is a significant relationship between health’s related anthropometric measure and physical fitness factors. Then we can use these measurements to predict values in any of the physical fitness components because the techniques are non-invasive and cost effective.

References:

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Abstract:

This study sought to find out how e-learning staff in the College of Distance Education of University of Cape Coast (CoDE, UCC) are prepared and vested in the management of paradigm shift to e-learning. Diagrams of Educational Management Paradigm of the past and that of today were looked at. There have been a number of earlier comparative studies e.g. Peter’s(2003) which indicate that paradigm shift includes a transition from modern curricula to post-modern curricula. The population for the study consisted of all 15 staff of CoDE in UCC who are managing the e-learning platform. All the 15 staff were used as the sample for the study. The instrument used for data collection was an interview guide. Data were analysed using themes. All the respondents agreed that e-learning platform is a forum for knowledge sharing and it is also a space for collaboration and interactivity. They also agreed that the Goal of e-learning is to create a transformative learning environment. They also stated that they have the skills in implementing e-learning at CoDE in UCC. However, their main challenges were that students are not given the chance to control e-learning platform. It is recommended that staff should be very clear about their multiple roles they are prepared for and take on while implementing e-learning. The staff should also have the corresponding changing role-related skills and competencies in order to provide high quality platform for distance learners.

References:

[1] Anderson, T. (2005). Distance learning – Social software’s killer app? Retrieved: September 18, from: http://www.unisa.edu.au/odlaaconference/PPDF2s/13%20odlaa%20Anderson.pdf

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[3] Bates, T. (2005). Technology e-learning and Distance Education.(2nd Edition). Newyork, Routledge.

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Abstract:

The use of eLearning is changing teaching and learning processes from the sage on the stage to the guide on the side approach. Students can easily access their study materials on an eLearning platform regardless of time and space through digital means. In this research, Post Graduate students of the College of Distance Education (CoDE) of the university of Cape Coast, offering Business and Education programmes were assessed on their readiness for the use of the College of Distance Education’s eLearning platform. A total number of 60 students enrolled for the 2015-2016 Academic Year using the eLearning platform were sampled for the study. A questionnaire was administered to all of the students to assess their perceived self efficacy in the use of ICT tools, their attitude towards eLearning and the perceived barriers to the use of an eLearning platform. Research findings showed that most students had a positive attitude towards the use of ICT tools and were ready to use the eLearning platform.

References:

[1] Attwell, G. (2007). The Personal Learning Environments - the future of eLearning?, eLearning Papers, 2(1).

[2] Bates, A. W. (2005). Technology, e-learning and distance education (2^nd ed.). New York: Routledge Falmer.

[3] Cruthers, M. (2008). Education technology gives teachers a wider reach. ETNI, 5. Retrieved October 10, 2015, from http://www.etni.org.il/etnirag/issue5/mark_cruthers.htm.

[4] Czubaj, C. A. (2004). Literature review: Reported educator concerns regarding cyberspace curricula. Education, 124(4), 676–683.

[5] Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). The paradox of achievement: The harder you push, the worse it gets. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving academic achievement (pp. 61-87). New York: Academic Press.

[6] Deniz, L. (2007). İlköğretim Okullarında Görev Yapan Sınıf ve Alan Öğretmenlerinin Bilgisayar Tutumları. The Turkish ELearning Journal of Educational Technology, 4(4).

[7] Evans, T. (2000). Flexible delivery and flexible learning: developing flexible learners? In V. Jakupec, & J. Garrick (Eds.), Flexible learning, human resource and organizational development (pp. 211–224) London: Routledge.

[8] Habitzel, K., Mark, T., Stehno, B., & Prock, S. (2006). Micro-learning; Emerging concepts, practices and technologies after e-learning. Proceeding of Micro learning 2005 Learning & Working in New Media, In conference Series: Innsbruck University press:

[9] Kadel, R. (2005). How teacher attitude affect technology. Learning and Leading with Technology, 39(5), 34-47.

[10] Kozma, R. (2008). National Policies that Connect ICT-Based Education reform to Economic and Social Development, Human Technology, 1(2), 117-156.

[11] Larreamendy-Joerns, J., & Leinhardt, G. (2006). Going the distance with eLearning education. Review of Educational Research, 76(4), 567-605.

[12] McVay, M. (2001). How to be a successful distance learning student: Learning on the Internet. New York: Prentice Hall.

[13] OECD (2009). Education at a glance: OECD Indicators, Paris: OECD Publishing.

[14] Pajares, F. (1996). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of Educational Research, 66(4), 543-578.

[15] Pelgrum, W. & Law, N. (2000). ICT in education around the world: Trends, problems and prospects, Paris: UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning.

[16] Saadé, R. G., & Kira, D. (2009). Computer anxiety in e-learning: the effect of computer self-efficacy. Journal of Information Technology Education, 8, 177-191.

[17] Schunk, D., Pintrich, M., & Meece, L. (2008). Self-efficacy and education and instruction. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 281-303). New York, NY: Plenum Pres.

[18] Schunk, D. H., Pintrich, P. R., & Meece, J. L. (2008). Motivation in education (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

[19] Smith, P. J. (2005). Preparedness for flexible delivery among vocational learners. Distance Education, 21(1), 29–48.

[20] Smith, P. J., Murphy, K. L., & Mahoney, S. E. (2003). Towards identifying factors underlying readiness for eLearning learning: an exploratory study. Distance Education, 24(1), 57–67.

[21] Swan, K. (2004). Learning eLearning: a review of current research on issues of interface, teaching presence and learner characteristics. Paper presented at the Elements of Quality ELearning Education, Needham, MA.

[22] Tsai, C. C., & Lin, C. C. (2004). Taiwanese adolescents’ perceptions and attitudes regarding the Internet: exploring gender differences. Adolescence, 39, 725–734.

[23] Tsai, M. J., & Tsai, C. C. (2003). Information searching strategies in web-based science learning: the role of Internet self-efficacy. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 40(1), 43–50.

[24] UNESCO. (2004). Open and distance learning: Trends, policy, and strategy considerations. Paris: UNESCO.

[25] Varank, I. (2006). A comparison of a computer based and a lecture based computer literacy course: A Turkish case, Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 2(3), 112-123.

[26] Warner, D., Christie, G., & Choy, S. (1998). Readiness of VET clients for flexible delivery including on-line learning. Brisbane: Australian National Training Authority.

[27] Watkins, J. F., & Leigh, S. (2004). Education Evolution: The Need to Keep Pace with Development of K-12 ELearning Learning. Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates.

[28] Yildirim, S. (2000). Current utilization of ICT in Turkish basic education schools: A review of

[29] Teacher's ICT use and barriers to integration. International Journal of Instructional Media, Vol. 34, No.2, pp. 171-86.

[30] Yuen, H. K., & Ma, W. K. (2001). Gender differences in teacher computer acceptance. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 10(3), 365-382.

Abstract:

It is obvious that women will love to have children for their husbands in the Ghanaian society. However, with the increasing responsibilities of women in society it has become a challenge for women to have children while fulfilling their new responsibilities in society. Before now the core role of women in society was to produce children, cook for their husbands, and respond to their sexual advances when needed. On the other hand, men work to bring resources home. The situation has changed in contemporary times whereby women have to work to support their husbands to keep the home financially. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate the educational challenges facing nursing mothers on distance education programs in the Upper West Region of Ghana. It is also to identify strategies and interventions in dealing with nursing mothers to create a healthy learning environment for academic success. The study adopted a case study design, and purposive sampling was used to select all available nursing mothers taking part in College of Distance Education University of Cape Coast distance education program. A questionnaire was used to gather information from thirty-one (31) nursing mothers. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis. The results show that nursing mothers face numerous challenges while seeking for further education. The major ones been the lack of accommodation for their babies and babysitters, and competing equally with other students in terms of time during the examination. The nursing mothers suggested separate room for them during examinations as well as extra time for the inconveniences the babies create during examinations.

References:

[1] Aiston, S. J. (2011). Equality, Justice and Gender: Barriers to the Ethical University for Women. Ethics & Education, 6(3), 279-291. doi: 10.1080/17449642.2011.632721.

[2] Amina, J. A. (2015). Challenges Faced by Girls who Dropout from Senior High School: the Voices of Sixty Dropout Girls in the Upper West Region of Ghana. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(6,1), pp. 150-160. http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol 5 No 6 1 June 2015/17.pdf

[3] Boulton-Lewis, G. M. (2010).Education and learning for the elderly: why, how, what. Educational Gerontology, 36(3), pp. 213-228. Retrieved October 14, 2015, from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/38277/

[4] Creswell, J. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

[5] Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

[6] Dawidowicz, P. (2010). Literature Reviews Made Easy: A Quick Guide to Success. Charlotte NC: Information Age Publishing.

[7] Dhillon, J., McGowan, M., and Wang, H. (2015). What do we mean by student support? Staff and students’ perspectives of the provision and effectiveness of support for students. Retrieved September 3, 2015, from http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/1931769.pdf

[8] Edwards, R., Hanson, A., & Ragatt, P. (1996). Boundaries of Adult Learning. British Journal of Educational Studies, 44 (4), pp. 465-465. Doi: 102307/3121928

[9] Fletcher, R. (2011). Functionalism as a Social Theory. The Sociological Review, 4(1). doi: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.1956.tb00976.x

[10] Fowler, F. J. (1984). Survey research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

[11] Goldin, C., and Katz, L. F. (2008). "Transitions: Career and Family Life Cycles of the Educational Elite." American Economic Review, 98(2), pp. 363-69. doi: 10.1257/aer.98.2.363

[12] Gonzalez-Mena, J. (2010, July 20). The Media as an Influence on Socialization. Retrieved October 15, 2015, from http://www.education.com/reference/article/media-as-influence-socialization/

[13] Ministry of Education. (2013). Ghana Education Reform 2007. Retrieved August, 29 2014, from, http://ghana.peacefmonline.com/ghana/ministries/moeducation/

[14] Nash, I. (2010). Babysitter: An American History (review). The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth, 3(2), pp. 301-303. Retrieved September 2, 2015, from http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hcy/summary/v003/3.2.nash.html

[15] Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

[16] Skjortnes, M., & Zachariassen, H. H. (2010). ‘Even with higher education you remain a woman’: a gender perspective on higher education and social change in the Toliara region of Madagascar. Gender & Education, 22 (2), p193-207. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=9&sid=779719b4-d87c-4550-89f7-164306d805c0%40sessionmgr113&hid=114

[17] Tomlin, C. R. (2008). Factors Affecting Socialization of Children. The Professional Resource for Parents and Teachers. Retrieved October 15, 2015, from http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=553

[18] Tyack, D. & Cuban, L. (1995). Tinkering Toward Utopia: A Century of Public School Reform. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

[19] United States Office of Personnel Management. (2013, January). Guide for Establishing a Federal Nursing Mother’s Program. Retrieved September 3, 2015, from https://www.opm.gov/policy-data oversight/worklife/reference-materials/nursing-mother-guide.pdf

Abstract:

After spending 30 years in the education sector, I have realized that there are issues that most of the time cause schools to not operate or function as planned. Each school has its own vision and mission, goal and for well-organized schools strategic plans to attain those goals are developed. Issues arise frequently during the implementation phase of strategic plans. These issues are many and vary with schools. Some are caused by people involved in the education and others are related to situations that sometimes those people can or cannot control.

Education is facing many issues in the world today and following are the top ten issues that need to be considered. According to DeWitt (2014), there are 10 critical issues that need to be examined. These include Common Core Standards, Student learning, technology, social media, politics, high stakes tests, school leadership, pre-service teaching programmes, school climate and poverty. All these are crucial to the field of education and need to be critically looked at in order to gauge education systems and find a way to address those issues and find a way to solve each one of them for the betterment of the education system.

References:

[1.] DeWitt, P. (2014).10 Critical Issues Facing Education. Retrieved from http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/finding_common_ground/2014/01/10_crit ical_issues_facing_education.html

[2.] Alismail, H.A. & McGuire, P. (2015).‘21^st Century Standards and Curriculum: Current Research and practice,’ Journal of Education and Practice, Vol. 6, No. 6, p150

[3.] Hanna, D, L. (2003) Building a Leadership Vision: Eleven Strategic challenges for Higher Education. Educause. Retrievedhttp://www.educause.edu/ero/article/

[4.] Baran, S.J (2012). Introduction to Mass Communication.

[5.] Williamson, R. (2012). Research into practice. Education partnerships Inc., Retrieved fromhttp://www.educationpartnerships.org

[6.] Hughes, et al (2015). Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience. 8^th Ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill International

[7.] Zakrzewski, V. (2013) How to Create a Positive School Climate. Retrieved from htto://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how to create a positive school climate.

[8.] University World News (2013). Lessons and challenges for higher education in Africa 31 August 2013 Issue No:285. Retrieved from http://www.universityworldnews.com/

[9.] Cutright, M. (2010). Expanding Access and Quality in Uganda: The Challenges of Building a Plane While Flying It, University of North Texas,  Volume 40, Issue 1 Fall 2010

[10.] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory

[11.] https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=leadership+theories+and+styles

[12.] http://www.leadership-central.com/leadership-theories.html#axzz3e0iMYPXD

[13.] http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hypothesis).

[14.] Leedy, P. D (1992), Practical Research: planning and designing. 5th Ed. USA: Prentice Hall.

[15.] Hill, L. (2005) Leadership Development: A strategic Imperative for Higher Education. Retrieved from https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ffp0506s.pdf

[16.] Trivella, et al.(2012) Challenges for Quality Management in Higher Education Investigating Institutional Leadership, Culture and Performance. Retrieved from www.intechopen.com

[17.] EAIE Barometer (2013). Lessons and challenges for higher education in Africa 31 August 2013 Issue No: 285

[18.] UVCF (2015). Challenges in Institutions of Higher Learning (44^th Forum).

[19.] Sife, A.S.,Lwoga, E.T &Sanga, C.(2007). New technologies for teaching and learning: Challenges for higher learning institutions in developing countries in International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology(IJEDICT), 2007, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 57-67.

[20.] Trust Africa (2012). The future and relevance of National Universities and other tertiary institutions, Nigeria: Abuja.

[21.] Kothari. C.R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and techniques. 2^ndRev. Ed. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers (P)

Abstract:

This is the review which critiques on the article ‘The role of guidance and counseling in promoting student discipline in secondary schools in Kenya: A case study of Kisumu district’ which was published in the Journal “Education Research and Reviews”, “Vol. 5 (5), pp. 263-272, May, 2010”. During the review it will include the summary of this article. It 'll also depict the structure analysis by giving the feedback on it that how well it has been written with respect to the understanding and readability of the reader. There will be the analysis on the way of elaborating that how well it is providing the information that has been used in it. The review will also contain the critique on the article along with evaluating the authority, its currency, accuracy, objectivity and coverage as well. 

References:

Abstract:

According to international norm, the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, adopted by the General Assembly of the UN, is the international act fundamental, defining the rights of victims and procedures for compensation for damage to them. This paper promotes some of their rights to move up to the justice and fair treatment to them that among other things means legal assistance and information in time for all aspects of procedural, restitution, compensation of damage, putting in place rights, etc., the compensation from the state when the offender funds are insufficient for this etc.

Besides compensation from the trafficker, there is another way to compensate the victim, through a public scheme. In our domestic legislation that provided for in Law no. 10192, dated 3.12.2009 "On prevention and suppression of organized crime and trafficking through preventive measures against assets".

Through the work of this analysis will be addressed through legislation compensation, indemnification and above all contributions awarded to victims of human trafficking:

References:

[1] Sander Simon "The treatment of trafficking victims as witnesses during the trial. Legal options for compensation of victims of trafficking and the need for legal changes. Problems encountered in judicial practice. "Tirana, February 2013

[2] Criminal Code, Article 113 "Prostitution"

[3] Criminal Code, Article 110/b "benefit or use of services provided by persons trafficked"

[4] Criminal Code, Article 110/c "Actions that facilitate trafficking, "added Law nr. 144/2013 "On amendments and additions to Law No. 7895, dated 27.1.1995 "Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania "amended" in Article 27

[5] Law no. 108/2013 "For foreigners", points 1 and 2, Article 54

[6] Dt. 415.03.2004 ''Për 9205 law protecting witnesses and collaborators of justice ”

[7] ONAC Report on the Implementation of the National Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons, 2011

[8] Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 316 "Security Test Cases"

[9] Decision no. 555 of the Criminal Panel of the Supreme Court, page 8.

[10] Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 61 "civil lawsuit in the criminal process".

[11] Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 63 "Providing civil lawsuit."

[12] Compensation for persons trafficked and exploited in the OSCE region, OSCE, Warsaw 2008

[13] Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 151/4 "Taking of evidence".

[14] Law No. 7895, dated 27.1.1995 "Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania", as amended, Article 58 "The rights of the victim of crime" and Article 59 "The injured accuser"

[15] Law no. 8920, dated 11.7.2002, "On the ratification of the U N Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its two additional protocols", paragraph 3 of Article 25 "Support and protection of victims' Convention

[16] Law no. 8920, dated 11.7.2002 "On the ratification of the U N Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its two additional protocols", paragraph 2, Article 6 "Assistance for the protection of victims of trafficking in persons"

[17] Law no. 9110, dated 24.07.2003 "On the organization and functioning of the Court of First Instance for Serious Crimes"

[18] Law no. 9110, dated 24.07.2003 "On the organization and functioning of the First Instance Court for Serious Crimes, "Article 8 "question witnesses

[19] Penal Code, Article 52 /or adding to the law 144/2013, dated 05/02/2013, Article 7

Abstract:

The response to the development and growth of mobile phones in Africa has introduced new ideas in education, business, health, and banking needs of a country. Ghana has become a great place for mobile technology implementation to thrive as there are enough users to support the relevant technologies. In fact, the latest industry statistics released by the National Communications Authority state that, out of a population of 24.97 million, there are approximately 24.4 million subscribers on at least one of the five active mobile networks in the country. The objective of the study is to review the level of usage of the mobile phone by college students in both the private and public institutions in Ghana. The study looked at what the average student's level of usage of the mobile phone on a daily basis and the frequency of usage for the following activities; education-related research, personal finance, religious activities, making and receiving calls, current events. work related research, playing games watching movies, listening to music and social networking. The research revealed that 20.0% of the respondent always listening to music on their mobile phones, playing games 7.9%, watching movie 2.0%, social networking 46.5% , work-related research 12.9%, educational-related research 17.8%, religious programmes 3.2%, personal finance 15.0%, current events 3.2% and making and receiving calls 65.0%. The research also looked at the duration of usage by the students at school, home and at the work place. When it comes to using the mobile phone at home 32.0% said they spent 7 hours or more on their mobile phone at home, 9.9% spent 7 hours or more at school and 3.5% spend the same hours or more at the office.

References:

[1] Amali I., Onche.O., Bello M. B & Hassan I.(2012), A Survey of University of Ilorin Students’ Use of Mobile Phone in Lecture rooms and its Implications in Education for Nigeria Development, Journal of Education and Practice, Vol. 3. No. 10

[2] Assabi Yaron, (2012), CEO of Digital Solutions Group, The transition of mobile in Africa and Ghana, Retrieved from: www.modernghana.com

[3] Dowuona S. N. N. (2014), Ghana records over 55% mobile data penetration, Retrieved from: http://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2014

[4] Husson, T., & Ask, J. A. (2014). Predictions 2014: Mobile Trends For Marketers. Navigate Beyond the Hype to Drive Near-Term Results.

[5] Nyarko, E. (n.d.) Developing ICT enabled education: The future for Ghana., Retrieved from: http://www.iconnect-online.org/Documents/

[6] Quarshie H. O. & Ami-Narh J. (2012), The Growth and Usage of Internet in Ghana, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences (E-ISSN 2218-6301/ ISSN 2079-8407), Vol. 3, N. 9.

[7] Quarshie. H., O. (2012), The Impact of Computer Technology on the Development of Children in Ghana, Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, May,. 3(5): p. 717 - 722

[8] Sey, A. (2010). Managing the cost of mobile communications in Ghana. Communication Technologies in Latin America and Africa, 143-166.

[9] Yonazi, E., Kelly, T., Halewood, N., & Blackman, C. (2012). The transformational use of information and communication technologies in Africa. The World Bank, Washington, DC

Abstract:

This laboratory work emphasize on the characterization of designed and constructed grating spectrometer . This was done by measuring the diffraction efficiency of the fabricated grating. The fabricated grating is a binary grating with height 650 nm, period 880 nm and fill factor 0.40 nm. The light source used were laser sources and halogen lamp with wavelength range 532 nm and 473 nm. CCD line camera is used as a detector having 3648 pixels with each pixel having a size of 8μm. The diffraction efficiencies and filter transmittance measured with the Perkin Lambda 18 spectrophotometer are compared with the constructed spectrometer. The characterization is done by measuring the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the detected laser line peaks by the constructed spectrometer.

References:

[1] J. M. Hollas, Modern Spectroscopy, 4 ed. (John Wiley and sons Limited, West Sussex, 2004).

[2] R. S. Winsor, J. W. Mackenty, M. Stiavelli, M. A. Greenhouse, J. E. Mentzell, R. G. ohi IV, and R. F. Green, “Optical design for an infrared imaging multi-object spectrometer(IRMOS),” PROC-SPIE 4092, 102–108 (2000).

[3] C. Palmer, Diffraction Grating Handbook, 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1997).

[4] U. Platt and J. Stutz, Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008).

[5] http:www.oceanoptics.com/products/benchoptics ge.asp,

[6] H. Tuovinen, “Characterization of designed and constructed optical system,” University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu (2015).

[7] bwtek, http://bwtek.com/spectrometer-part-5-spectral-resolution/ (valid 2015).

Abstract:

Today’s world is full of technological innovations where new discoveries and applications of new technologies have become essential. Information Technology is a revolution that involves the use of computers, the internet and other telecommunication technologies in every aspect of human endeavour (Bandele, 2006). This dynamic nature has called for the present day dynamism of the human environment, organization and management to make life better and more meaningful than what it was yesterday.

Computer-based Information Technology encompasses the effective use of equipment and programs like software, storage and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, retrieve, convert, store, organize, manipulate and present data and information (Gay and Blades, 2005).

Rapid advancement in CBIT is drastically altering the way things are done in every field of human activity. In the University setting, the improvement in technology is enhancing university education delivery in terms of administration, service and approach. Universities in Nigeria have recently introduced CBIT into their administrative systems. This new innovation has been an advantage to the university system because of the need to key into the 21st century technological compliance and to maximize the benefits therein. (Olatokun and Tiamiyu, 2005; Popoola, 2006).

The introduction of CBIT was necessitated due to some problems encountered in the administrations of the institutions such as delay being experienced in computing students’ results, transcripts, inadequate job output, staff records and other related functions on time. The management of any institution has a set of important functions to perform which include planning, organizing, supervising, reporting, coordinating, deciding, controlling, budgeting, staffing and admitting among others. (Ehikhamenor, 2002).All these functions and more are necessary to achieve set goals, objectives, policies and effective staff performance in institutions, which have to be achieved to justify combined existence. This new innovation has been laddered with series of problems mostly among secretarial staff of these universities in discharging their duties.

This study investigates CBIT and the job performance of Secretarial Staff in University of Ibadan and Ladoke Akintola University of Technology in Nigeria. The study examined the different usage of CBIT facilities available and perceived relevance of CBIT on job performance of Secretarial staff.

References:

[1.] Aromolaran, E. A. (2003). An Evaluation of the Continuous Relevance of Secretaries in the Automated Office. Business Education J. 4 (1 ): 63-70.

[2.] Baker A. and Ward C. (2002).‘Bridging Temporal and Spatial ‘Gaps’. The role of Information and Communication Technologies in defining communities’. Information communication and Society, 5(2), 24 – 27.

[3.] Bandele, S. O. 2006. Development of modern ICT and Internet System. In Agagu A. A. (ed). Information and Communication Technology and Computer Applications. Abuja: Pan of Press.

[4.] Edwin, A. E. (2008). Self-employment: An option for professional secretaries Nigeria. J. Contemporary Business Education Resources (JOCBER )1(1 ): 25-30.

[5.] Egbokhare, F. O. (2007). “Challenges of Secretarial Administration in a Globalizing World”. A paper presented at the 15th national delegates assembly of the university Secretarial Staff Association: University of Calabar.

[6.] Egbokhare, F. O. (2007). “Challenges of Secretarial Administration in a Globalizing World”. A paper presented at the 15th national delegates assembly of the university Secretarial Staff Association: University of Calabar.

[7.] Ehikhamenor F. A. (2002). ‘Socio Economic Factors in the application of Information Communication Technologies in Nigerian Print Media’. Journal of the American society of Information Science and Technology 53:7. 602 – 603.

[8.] Gay, G., and Blades, R. 2005.. Information Technology for CXC CSEC, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. International Journal of Education and Development  sing Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2006, Vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 61 7.

[9.] Nwosu, B. O. (2001 ). Word Processing and Electronic Office Operations Competencies Currently Needed by Secretaries in Selected Business Offices in Abia and Imo States. Paper Presented at the 2001 National Conference Held at the Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi State, 27th November-1st December.

[10.] Obiyan, G. A. (2008). “Human Resource Development and Application of Information and Communication Technologies as Factors Affecting Sustainable Book Publishing in Nigeria: A Ph.D Post Field Seminar”. Ibadan: University of Ibadan. Pp. 22 – 25.

[11.] Olatokun, M. &Tiamiyu, M. (2005). Information Science: Concepts, Model and Application – Disciplinary Scope and Orientation of Information Science. Pp 3 – 4.

[12.] Popoola, S. O. (2006). Information accessibility and Utilization as factors influencing decision making of managers in commercial banks in Nigeria. Library Herald, vol. 44(3)116-131

[13.] Tiamiyu, M. A. (2000). Information Technology in Nigeria Federal Agencies: Problems, impact and Strategies. Journal of Information Science, 26(4), 227-237.

[14.] Volman, M. and Van Eck, E. (2001 ). Gender Equity and Information

Abstract:

This review will analyse the article ‘Software Security and Privacy Risk in Mobile E-commerce’ in the online journal of Communications of the ACM. This review will first summarise the article. Secondly, it will look at the effectiveness of the article’s structure, the arrangement of the information and reader ease of access.Thirdly, the review will critique the article, authority, accuracy, currency, objectivity and its relevance. The review will analyse the strategy presented by the author. The article was useful, clear and important

References:

[1.] Arehart, C. and et al. Professional WAP. 1st edition, Wrox Press, 2000.

[2.] Balfanz, D. and Felten, E. Handheld computers can be better smartcards. In Proceedings of the Eighth USENIX Security Symposium,USENIX Association. (Aug. 1999, Washington, DC).

[3.] Cowan, C. et al. Buffer overflows: Attacks and defences for the vulnerability of the decade. In Proceedings of the DARPA Information Survivability

[4.] Conference and Exposition (DISCEX 2000), (Jan. 2000, HiltonHead, SC), IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA.

[5.] Cranor, L. F. Internet privacy: A public concern. netWorker 2, 3(June/July 1998), 13–18; www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/networker/1998-2-3/p13-cranor/.

[6.] Ghosh, A. K. Security and Privacy for E-Business. Wiley, NY (Jan. 2001).

[7.] Haskin, D. Analysts: Smart phones to lead e-commerce explosion. all-Net Devices(Nov. 3, 1999); www.allnetdevices.com/news/9911/991103ecomm/ 991103ecomm.html.

[8.] Lewis, T. Ubinet: The ubiquitous Internet will be wireless. IEEE Computer32, 10 (Oct. 1999).

[9.] Strategy Analytics. Strategy Analytics forecasts $200 billion mobilecommerce market by 2004. Wow.com, January 10, 2000; www.wowcom.com/newsline/press_release.cfm?press_id=862.

[10.] WAP Forum. Technical Reports WAP-193-WMLScript, WAP-170-WTAI, WAP-169-WTA. June–July 2000; www.wapforum.org.

[11.] Zhang, Y. and Lee, W. Intrusion detection in wireless ad-hoc networks.In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE MobiCom, (Aug. 2000).

Abstract:

Terrorism has become a global peril, and the North East Nigeria has got its own share of the insurgency by a dreaded Sect. Three states of North East Nigeria were the worst hit, leaving more than one million people comprising women and children displaced and homeless. However, on a daily basis, more people are displaced from their homes by the ruinous bombing which cause emergencies, and the emergency usually created, as a result, overwhelm the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and other government agencies that take care of the Internally Displayed People (IDP). The planning and management of insurgency-related cases, though a government responsibility in Nigeria has a top-down approach which has not actually given prompt response during disasters and rescue to victims of the bomb attack. This article examines the role of a community-based Local Response Squad (LRS) when equipped with Information Technology (IT) infrastructure within the communities to assist in giving prompt responses to emergencies when it occurs. The LRS plan collaboratively for potential emergencies is also important to become more aware of local community-level values, planning, involvement and skill. This thesis also looks at the Human-Computer Interaction studies the interaction between people and computers to know how information technology affects insurgency management. The aim is to advance on emergency management resulting from insurgency through the plan of useful interfaces to technology. Conclusively, this article offers some implications for community insurgency management technology.

References:

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Abstract:

This study explored the role of agribusiness opportunities in youth-led livelihood development activities. The objectives of the study are, to identify the significance of agribusiness’ role in youth livelihood development, to understand the potentialities of agribusiness for employment generation and to identify the barriers of the sector in Sierra Leone. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The study has shown that agribusiness has a great potential in diversifying employment opportunities for the youth. Its contribution for food security and the well-being of the community through livelihoods development is magnificent. The study further revealed as the sector is also not free from different challenges like shortage of improved agricultural technology, loose connection across the different stages of the value chain, mind-set of youth to go for agricultural activities and the weak linkage between agricultural productions with the markets. However, to fully realize the capacity of agribusiness in livelihoods development there needs to have a proper understanding of the market and value chain development. In addition to this, there is a need to build up the role of the private sector and support a more plural and strong enabling environment to enable a broader scale uptake of productive market focused approaches.

References:

[1.] Asamoah Larbi, 2012: Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles, Sierra Leone. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

[2.] Boeije Hennie, 2010: Analysis in qualitative research (1st ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE.

[3.] FAO, IFAD and WFP, 2015. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015. Meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: taking stock of uneven progress. Rome, FAO.

[4.] FAO and UNDP, 2012: Enhancing Youth Employment through Agribusiness. Freetown, Sierra Leone.

[5.] Flick, U., Kardorff, E., and Steinke, I., 2004: A companion to qualitative research (1st ed.). London: Sage Publications.

[6.] GoSL (Government of Sierra Leone), 2008: Youth Agenda for Development. National Youth Commission, National Stadium Swimming Pool, Brookfields, Freetown.

[7.] GoSL (Government of Sierra Leone), 2003: Sierra Leone National Youth Policy, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

[8.] Laurent E. Cartier and Michael Burge, 2011: Agriculture and Artisanal Mining in Sierra Leone: Alternatives or Complements? Journal of International Development. J. Int. Dev. 23, 1080–1099 (2011). Published online in Wiley Online Library.

[9.] Mark Lundy et al., 2004: Increasing the Competitiveness of Market chains for Smallholder Producers. Manual 3: Territorial Approach to Rural Agro-enterprise Development. Rural Agro-enterprise Development Project. CIAT, Costa Rica.

[10.] MLSS and MYES (Ministry of Labour and Social Security and Ministry of Youth Employment and Sports (MYES), 2011: National Employment Policy: Combining Employment Creation with Economic Growth, Structural Transformation and Social Development. Freetown, Sierra Leone.

[11.] NAYCOM, 2013: Agribusiness and Rural Entrepreneurship Development for Youth Employment in Sierra Leone. Project Document. Freetown, Sierra Leone.

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Abstract:

Strobilanthes cuspidata (Benth.) Anderson (Acanthaceae) are used by the tribal people of Nilgiri hills for joint pain and inflammation. A detailed study on the natural products present in endemic medicinal plants as well as pharmacological aspects will pave way to discover new drugs. Hence the present study was attempted to assess the biological activities of the crude extracts by antioxidant and cytotoxic assays. The 70% hydro-ethanolic extract of S. cuspidata was prepared to study DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, total antioxidant activity and in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed in Vero cell lines (African, Green monkey Kidney and Normal). The results showed that the plant extract of S. cuspidata possesses antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Moreover in vitro cytotoxic activity of the alcoholic leaf extract was assessed in Vero cell lines (African, Green monkey Kidney, normal). The percentage of growth inhibition was calculated using the concentration of the leaf extract to inhibit the cell growth by 50% (CTC50). The study revealed that the activities observed could be attributed to the presence of some phytochemicals which have been associated with antioxidant and cytotoxic property.

References:

Abstract:

Hydrocarbon degradation can occur with diverse varieties of microbes in nature. Different chemical compounds have shown their susceptibility to the microbial degradation. . Fungal species generally forms carcinogenic trans – diols while bacterial species generally forms cis – diols. Contaminated soil contained significantly higher amount (50 – 75 %) of gram negative bacteria having genotypes enclosing genes compared to pristine soil (0 – 12.5 %). Application of bioinformatics tools like BLAST has identified microorganism asBacillus cereus, microorganism2 as Pseudoxanthomonasmexicana, microorganism3 as Halomonasdaqingensis and microorganism4 as Parapusillimonasgranuli. These microbes were given names accordingly from PS11 to PS14 respectively. They were assigned unique identification numbers starting from KM192258 to KM192261

References:

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[3.] Kafilzadeh, F., Farhangdoost, M. &Tahery, Y., 2010. Isolation and identification of phenol degrading bacteria from Lake Parishan and their growth kinetic assay. African journal of Biotechnology, 9(40), pp.6721–6726.

[4.] Mittal, A. & Singh, P., 2009. Isolation of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from soils contaminated with crude oil spills. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 47, pp.760–765.

[5.] Okoh, A.I., 2006. Biodegradation alternative in the cleanup of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, 1(2), pp.38–50.

[6.] Omotayo, A.E. et al., 2011. Degradation of aviation fuel by microorganisms isolated from tropical polluted soils. International Journal Of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(2), pp.698–708.

[7.] Shukla, K.P., Singh, N.K. & Sharma, S., 2010. Bioremediation : Developments , Current Practices and Perspectives. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Journal, pp.1–20.

[8.] Singh, D. &Fulekar, M.H., 2010. Benzene bioremediation using cow dung microflora in two phase partitioning bioreactor. Journal of hazardous materials, 175, pp.336–343.

[9.] Ting, S.Y., Tan, H.C. & Aw, C.S., 2009. Hydrocarbon-degradation by isolate Pseudomonas lundensis UTAR FPE2. Malasian Journal of Microbiology, 5(2), pp.104–108.

Abstract:

Stephania wightii is an endemic medicinal plant traditionally used in India for various ailments. This study was set out to evaluate the aphrodisiac properties of methanolic aerial parts and tuber extracts of Stephania wightii using animal models. The methanolic tuber extract of S. wightii at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight showed significant aphrodisiac activity on male wistar albino rats as evidenced by an increased the levels of reproductive hormones serum testosterone, Serum Luteinizing hormone and Serum Follicle-stimulating hormone. The efficiency was higher in the extract treated animals compared to the standard drug treated animal.

References:

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Abstract:

The high-throughput genome projects have resulted in a rapid accumulation of genome sequences for a large number of organisms and large number of genes with unknown function (Hypothetical). To fully realize the value of the data, scientists need to identify proteins encoded by these genes and understand how these proteins function in making up a living cell. With experimentally verified information on protein function lagging far behind, computational methods are needed for reliable and large-scale functional annotation of proteins. Functional annotation is the process of identifying for a given gene its biological function, interaction with other elements, involvement in metabolic pathways, and any other piece of information that helps in understanding when and how a gene influences the overall system. On the other hand, many Biological Processes and Disease mechanisms are still unknown due to lack of knowledge about the function of the Hypothetical genes in Human. Once its function is revealed the so called hurdle of unknown mechanism of the Human Genome can be mastered. Hence, the present study aims to use computational approaches to annotate the function of hypothetical genes in Chromosome 2 of Human. The annotation of the hypothetical genes in human chromosoem2 was done both at the nucleotide and protein level. Among the 41 uncharacterized hypothetical genes in Human chromosome 2, the functions of 27 of them were successfully annotation. Further, experimental validation is essential to confirm the predicted function.

References:

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[14.] Shu-Ye Jiang1, Alan Christoffels2, Rengasamy Ramamoorthy1, and Srinivasan Ramachandran, Expansion Mechanisms and Functional Annotations of Hypothetical Genes in Rice Genome Plant Physiology Preview. Published on June 17, 2009, as DOI:10.1104/pp.109.139402

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Abstract:

Recent advances in computer science improve research in several areas. These include an area with great emphasis, the biology, which is the field of study of this work. The use of computer for analysis of data, and processing methods of biology is called bioinformatics. However, when are analyzed DNA sequences from complex organisms which have thousands nucleotides is required a greater processing power. Due to the increase the amount of data to be processed we can use HPCA. Within this context in this work, we study the use of computing capabilities in performance processing DNA sequences. More specifically the parallelization of methods used by the research group in bioinformatics at UCS(University of Caxias do Sul). For development this work we chose to use computational grids, since this type of platform provides a high processing capacity at low cost.

References:

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[2.] ANDRADE, N.; CIRNE W.; BRASILEIRO, F.; OurGrid: An Approach to Easily Assemble Grids with Equitable Resource Sharing. Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, 2003.

[3.] BUYYA, R. High Performance Cluster Computing: Architectures and Systems. [S.l.]: Prentice Hall, 1999.

[4.] CIRNE, W.; NETO, E. S.; Grids Computacionais: Da Computação de Alto Desempenho a Serviços Sob Demanda. Fortaleza, CE: SBC, Federal University of Ceara, State University of Ceara, 2005.

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[6.] FARACH, M.; NOORDEWIER M.; SAVARI S.; SHEPP L.; WYNER A.; ZIV J.; On the entropy of DNA: Algorithms and measurements based on memory and rapid convergence. Proc. 5th Annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete Algorithms; ACM-SIAM, 1994.

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[8.] GERHARDT ,G. J.L.; LEMKE, N.; CORSO,G.;Network clustering coefficient approach to DNA sequence analysis; Paper published in Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 2005;

[9.] GERHARDT ,G. J. L.; PANIS, R. J.; SANTOS, L. Presença de Períodos em Sequências de DNA. Caxias do Sul: UCS, Artigo não publicado, ano 2004.

[10.] GERHARDT, G. J. L., SILVA, S. de A.; PANIS, R. J.; SANTOS, L. dos; Correlações entre Cromossomos Usando Periodicidades em Seqüências de DNA. II Workshop of Technology in Computer Applied at Natural Enviroment; Publicado em 2004.

[11.] GIBAS, C.; JAMBECK, P.; Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills; Estados Unidos, O’Reilly, 2001.

[12.] HAYKIN, S.. Neural networks: a comprehensive foundation. 2. ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2005.

[13.] HORTA, J. O. C.; Estimadores de Entropia para Sequências de DNA; 2001; 144p. Dissertation (Masters dissertation in Computer Applied) - University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo.

[14.] JACOB, B.; BROWN, M.; FUKUI, K.; TRIVEDI, N. Introduction to Grid Computing. , 2005. Disponvel em: http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg246778.html. Access in: october. 2009.

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Abstract:

Application as a Service (AaaS) is a service component of Cloud computing that falls in the category Software as a Service (SaaS). This paper presents an Application as a Service (AaaS) model using Open Source applications for File Sync, Share and Email solution for organizations. The proposed model enables the organizations to manage all computing resources involved totally by the service provider or by the company itself and the applications are facilitated as service on demand. The target group of the model developed is small organizations running in private cloud environment. We analyzed the common requirements of small scale organizations and that triggered us to develop an AaaS Service model with Open Source applications. This approach enables the organizations easy migration with minimal effort and with least cost. 

References:

[1.] Alberto Heredia, Ricardo Colomo-Palacios, Antonio de Amescua, “Software Business Models from a distribution perspective: A Systematic Mapping Study”, Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems / International Conference on Project MANagement / Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies, CENTERIS / ProjMAN / HCist 2015 October 7-9, 2015

[2.] Björn Johansson, Pedro Ruivo, Jorge Rodrigues, “Adoption Reasons for Enterprise Systems as a Service - A Recap of Provider Perspectives”, Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems / International Conference on Project MANagement / Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies, CENTERIS / ProjMAN / HCist 2015 October 7-9, 2015

[3.] Chou, W 2008,“Web Services: Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Communicaton and Beyond”, IEEE Congress on Services.

[4.] E. Naone, Technology overview, conjuring clouds, MIT Technology Review, July–August, 2009.

[5.] http://apprenda.com/library/software-on-demand/applications-as-a-service/

[6.] https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/choose-web-site-cloud-service-vm/

[7.] https://devcentral.f5.com/articles/f5-synthesis-delivering-web-application-security-in-the-cloud-as-a-service

[8.] http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/cloud-computing/cloud-computing-intel-it-architecting-software-as-a-service-paper.html

[9.] https://owncloud.com/owncloud-architecture-overview/

[10.] Mobarak Hossain holds B.Sc. in Software Engineering, He was a scientist trainee at Daimler Chrysler in Bangalore, India. He has been involved in research projects in Cloud Computing in the area of OpenStack Cloud Platform and Cloud Virtualization Techniques.

[11.] National Institute of Standards and Technology, The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing, Information Technology Laboratory, 2009.

[12.] Kulkarni, G, Gambhir, J &Palwe, R 2012, “Cloud Computing-Software As Service”, International Journal of Cloud Computing And Services Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp.11-16.

[13.] Rajkumar, B. Yeo, C. Venugopal, S. Malpani, S. Cloud computing and emerging IT platforms: vision, hype, and reality for delivering computing as the 5thutility, Future Generation Computer Systems (2009).

[14.] Reese, G. Cloud Application Architectures: Building Applications and Infrastructure in the Cloud, in: Theory in Practice, O’Reilly Media, 2009.

[15.] Ruivo, P., V. Santos, and T. Oliveira, Data protection in services and support roles - a qualitative research amongst ICT professionals. Procedia Technology 2014. 9: p. 94-99.

[16.] Satyanarayana, S 2012, “CLOUD COMPUTING: SAAS”, Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 76-79.

[17.] Seethamraju, R., Adoption of Software as a Service (SaaS) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Information Systems Frontiers, 2014. 8: p. 1-18.

[18.] Shahed Murshed holds a B.Sc. in Computer Science (Computer Engineering), an M.Eng in Internetworking and is currently pursuing Ph.D. in Computer Science  at the Texila American University, School of Information Technology. He has been involved in research projects in Cloud Computing in the area of OpenStack Cloud Platform, IaaS Network Infrastructure development and virtualization in Cloud Computing.

[19.] Stanoevska-Slabeva, K. Wozniak, T. Grid and Cloud Computing-A Business Perspective on Technology and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010. 

Abstract:

Mike Assistant software is still under technical preview stage of development, but the purpose of this Documentation is to provide simple and graphics explanations on how the software operate, look like and how it was created.

Each part describes some details of the software and the currently graphical user Interface of the Software by means of text and enough pictures. The graphic contents are subjected to change at any time and so will the functionality since the software is actively being worked on.

This document may not provide all the information about the software but it may help to provide basic understand on what a software can do and hence enabling readers to take advantage of it once they get the need of the software.

References:

Abstract:

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a generic term for non-contacting technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. There are several methods of identifying human or object, but the most common, in today’s world, is to store a unique serial number that identifies a person or object on a microchip that is attached to an antenna. The combined antenna and microchip are called an "RFID transponder" or "RFID tag" and work in combination with an "RFID reader" (sometimes called an "RFID interrogator" because it queries the tag in the cause of retrieving the stored number or information). An RFID system consists of a reader and one or more tags. The reader's antenna is used to transmit radio frequency (RF) energy. Depending on the tag type, the energy is "harvested" by the tag's antenna and used to power up the internal circuitry of the tag. The tag will then modulate the electromagnetic waves generated by the reader in order to transmit its data back to the reader. The reader receives the modulated waves and converts them into digital data. 

References:

[1.] Bolivar Torves, Qing Pang, Gordon W. Skelton, Scott Bridge (2013): “Integration of an RFID reader to a wireless sensor network and its use to identify an individual  carrying tags“ In International Journal of Ad hoc sensor & Ubiquitous computing Vol. 1, No.4

[2.] Md. Kafil Uddin, Mahbubur Rahman, Go Kim and BongHee Hong (2010): A dual Data Processing system using sensor Integrated RFID Middleware. Proceedings of the 2^nd International conference on Emerging Databases.

[3.] Noureddine Chikouche, Foudil Cherif & Mohamed Bennohammed (2012): “An Authentication Protocol Based on combined RFID-Biometric system” In International journal of Advanced computer science and Application. Vol.3, No.4

[4.] Rashid Ahmed & John N Avarissiotis (Retrieved 2015): Identification of Employees Using RFID in IE-NTUA

[5.] Steffan Elmstrom Holst Jensen & Rune Hylsberg Jacobsen (Accessed 2015): Chapter 6: Integrating RFID with IP Host Identities” http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53525

Abstract:

Base Station is the main contributor of energy consumption in cellular mobile communication. The traffic of base station varies over time and space. Therefore, it is important to quantify the influence of traffic generated on the power consumption. This paper investigates changes in the power consumption of base stations according to their respective traffic and develops a model for the power consumption as per traffic generated aiming to highlight the power consumption model development and address the power saving capabilities. The primary data in terms of power consumption and traffic load have been measured hourly on fully loaded 10 base stations for 10 days. The regression analysis shows the existence of a direct relationship between power consumption and traffic generated. A linear equation is developed is Y = 1.713×X + 1.274, where Y is power consumption and X is traffic generated, which shows that the power consumption of base stations linearly depends on the traffic generated. One noticeable point is that when the traffic is high, the developed linear equation indicates that the data fits well in the model but on the other hand, when the traffic is low, the developed linear equation explains less variability of the response around its mean. This paper also gives an overview of energy efficiency improvement possibility in base station.

References:

[1.] Albrecht fehske, G. F. (2011). The Global footprint of mobile communication: The ecological and economic perspective. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 49(8), 55-62.

[2.] (2010). Broadband Commission for Digital Platform. Retrieved from www.broadbandcommission.org: www.broadbandcommission.org

[3.] (2007-2013). EARTH project . European community's seventh framework programme.

[4.] Gunther Aeur, V. G. (2011, October). How Much Energy is Needed to Run a Wireless network? IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, special issue on Technologies for Green Radio Communication Networks, 18.

[5.] Josip Lorincz, T. G. (March 2012). Measurements and Modelling of Base Station Power Consumption under Real Traffic Loads. Sensors.

[6.] Kyuho Son, H. K. (2011). Towards Energy - Efficient Operation of Base stations in Cellular Wireless Networks. Green Communciation.

[7.] M. Deruyck, E. T. (2011, March). Modelling and optimization of pwoer consumption in wireless access networks. Elsevier Computer Communication. doi:10:1016

[8.] Margot Deruyck, W. J. (2011). Power Consumption Model for Macrocell and Microcell Base stations. EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, 1-14.

[9.] Margot deruyck, W. J. (2012). Power Consumption model for macrocell and microcell base stations. Emerging Telecommunications Technologies.

[10.] Margot Deruyck, W. V. (2010). Power Consumption in Wireless Access Networks. In Proceedings of European Wireless Conference, 924-931.

[11.] Margot Deruyk, E. T. (2011). Modelling the Energy Efficiency of Microcell Base stations. The First International Conference on Smart Grids, Green Communication and IT Energy-aware Technologies.

[12.] Nepal Telecommunication Authority. (2015). MIS Report. Kathmandu: NTA. Retrieved from http://nta.gov.np/en/mis-reports-en

[13.] Oh, E., Krishnamachari, B., Liu, X., & Niu, Z. (2011). Toward dynamic energy efficient operation of Cellular network infrastructure. IEEE, 49, 56-61.

[14.] Oliver Arnold, F. T. (2010). Power consumption Modeling of Different Base Station Types in Heterogenous Cellular Networks. Future Network and Mobile Summit 2010 Conference.

[15.] Z., N., Wu.Y.j Gong, J., & Yang, Z. (2010). Cell zooming for a cost- efficient green celluar networks. IEEE Communciation, 48, 74-79.

Abstract:

The above three concepts are a product of scientific ideas. Global development can only be achieved with solid reliance on research, technology and innovation. The three concepts represents the only way for developing the world in order to foster economic, education, environmental, medical and societal development at large (Cramer and Zegveld, 1991). Development in science and technology are fundamentally altering the way people live, connect, communicate and transact, with profound effects on economic development (Lee-Roy, 2012). According to V. Samuel cited in Jubel (2012), ‘Science is the key which unlocks for humankind the store houses of nature’. Obsessed by the quest to improve his life; to add values and make a paradigm shift in nature, a global change has smiled to the prevailing efforts of man. He has not just learnt how to cut stones in to blocks but how to use them in a better published form to build edifices. This is development!

A sweep in to the history of the computer system marshals out litanies of stages that the computing system had undergone before it came to the taste of the modern man. Right from the times of the ancient Babylon which is now known as ‘Iraq’, the so-called abacus machine was invented, one of the earliest devices used by the primitive man to improve his state of living, calculation. He was not satisfied by this innovation; he enthusiastically delved more in to research and found out that addition and subtraction could be better done using a machine which was named after the inventor, ‘Napier bone’ by John Napier, precisely in 1614. This technological advancement and product of research work was spiced by the innovation of the inquisitive man.

Hovering round your mind now is how and if these changes have helped in global development. I crave your indulgence to exercise patience for a brief prelude and chronicle of the modern technology which could serve as a frame work to illustrate the above topic under discourse. So, in 1623, a German professor of the University of Tubingen in Germany, Wilhelm Schikeard constructed the first mechanical calculator which worked only with six digits. Advancement in technological innovation is here again! Yet, man was not satisfied with this as his curiosity still dragged him to the idea of research using his curious mind. It was in 1642 that a French philosopher called Blaise Paschal invented a machine that was named after him, the ‘Paschal Calculator’. He actually invented it to help his father who was a tax collector. Here, we could see how innovations served human problems.

History yawned happily on us when the great British mathematician, Charles Babbage in the 19th century (1820 and 1821) worked out the principles of the modern digital computer. This great intellectual introduced an idea that helped to solve complicated mathematical problems. Historians believe that Babbage and his group were the first people to invent the modern digital computer.

With the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), this is of course the conception of an innovation, pieces of material like journals, articles, updates etc could serve all and sundry as well as students well when they hunger for information. On the internet we find unadulterated definition of scientific work as pieces of vital information compete for web space for the person who makes a research work.

The nucleus of this research work is technology, while the vital force behind its advancement is innovation, which is man’s usage of his idea! As I set my fingers scrolling up and down the screen of my personal computer (PC) now is as a result of technology, the computer system; whereas the installed information that I source for is a result of an intellectually articulated innovative idea as well as a confirmed research work.

To then ask, ponder or wonder how these enormous and numerous scientific works have become the bedrock of global development is like contemplating whether a monkey eats banana. The result of this is obvious! Today, we talk and experience globalization. Is it not development, stemming up from research, technology and human innovation?

One of the phenomena identified as the major dynamics of change and consequent global development in the 21st century is globalization. The term ‘globalization’ precisely describes the process of increasing interconnection between societies such that events in one part of the world have effects on peoples and societies far away. Thus, in an angular perspective, we can say that a globalized world is a developed world. It is one in which political, economical, social, educational and cultural events become more and more interconnected, and also one in which the impacts of these events in one society affects extensively the lives of people in other societies.

We won’t be outside the track (this topic) to understand into to the concept of globalization, as it would form a tapestry on which the colored thread of this write-up could be woven. Therefore, what is globalization? In this context, we shall approach the definition using two (among five) of Fongwan Severin’s delineation.

According to Fongwan (2013), globalization could be considered as universalization. In this link, the word ‘global’ is used in the sense of being ‘worldwide’ and globalization is seen as the process of spreading various objects and experiences to people at all corners of the earth. A classic example of this would be the spread of computing, television, etc.

In the second delineation, globalization could be equated with internalization. In this context, globalization is viewed simply as an adjective to describe cross-border relations between countries. It describes growth in international exchange and interdependence. Therefore, with growing flows of trade and capital investment, development is defined.

References:

[1.] Barry, C. (1972) The Closing Circle: Nature, Man and Technology. Bantam Books, Toronto.

[2.] Cramer, j. and Zegveld, W. C. L. (1991) The future Role of Technology in Environmental Management. Futures, Vol.23 No5. Pp461-462.

[3.] Fongwan, S. (2013) The Concept of Globalisation. The Paragon Magazine, Vol. 2 pp. 58

[4.] John, O. (2009) Business Research and Methodology. Meteson Publicity Company, Enugu.

[5.] Jubel D’Cruz (2012) The Best Proverbs. Better yourself Books, Mumbai.

[6.] Lee-Roy, C. (2012) The Role of Science and Technology in the Developing world in the 21st Century. Retrieved from: www.ieet.org/index.phd/IEET/more/chetty20121003

[7.] Lee-Roy, C.( 2013) The Importance of Technology in Economic and Social Development. Retrieved from: www.fairobserver.com/region/africa/importance-technology-economic-and-social development/

[8.] Polit, D. F. and Beck C. T (2010) Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. Seventh Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

[9.] Robert, M. W. (2004) Marshaling Technology for Development: Proceeding of a Symposium. National Academy Press.

[10.] Sharon, B. (1994) The Role of Technology in Sustainable Development. Technology and Society, Vol.13, No 4. pp. 14-19.

[11.] Virginia, I. O (2009) Concise Text on Research Methods and Elementary Statistics. 2nd Edition, Ocean Press, New Market Road Enugu.

[12.] Willoughby, K. (1990) Technology Choice: A Critique of the Appropriate Technology Movement. Westview Press, Boulder.

Abstract:

Background: Teachers’ job is fast becoming more stressful in recent times, and this tends to affect the level of teaching effectiveness. Stress may be conceptualized as a complex, multivariate process, resulting from a broad system of variables involving inputs, outputs, and the mediating activities of appraisal and coping.

Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine work stress among secondary school teachers in Gboko Local Government Area of Benue State. Specifically to determine the major stressors among secondary school teachers in Gboko L.G.A of Benue state, to identify the effects of these stressors on the health of secondary school teachers in Gboko L.G.A of Benue state and to identify the various methods of stress coping strategies used by secondary school teachers in Gboko L.G.A of Benue State.

Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used for the study to determine the work stress among teachers in Gboko L.G.A of Benue State. A total of 5 teachers (respondents) each from the randomly selected 39 secondary schools were selected to make a total of 195 sample size. The instrument of the study was questionnaire and formulated hypothesis was tested using chi-square

Results: The findings showed that secondary school teachers in Gboko L.G.A were experiencing stress in their teaching job as nearly all the teachers agree with items identified in the instrument as stressors. Inadequate salary, delayed payment of salary, delayed promotions; involuntary transfers are among poor working conditions considered highly or extremely stressful to the respondents.

Conclusion: The stress experience was found to have both physical and mental effects on the respondents. The findings also revealed that the secondary school teachers frequently use the active behavioral and inactive (escape) strategies in managing stress 2

References:

[1.] Akindutire (2011) The Teaching Profession. Ado-Ekiti. Green Line Publishers.

[2.] Aralu, G. N.(2012) “Sources of stress and stress Management Strategies Among Secondary School Teachers in Onitsha Urban”. Retrieved from www.google.com on 22/06/2013.

[3.] Arikewuyo, M. O.(2010) Stress Management Strategies of Secondary School Teachers in Nigeria. Journal of Educational Research, vol.46 No 2 p.195-207.

[4.] Carlos, N. R and Heth, C. D(2007) Psychology the Science of Behaviour. 4th edition Upper Saddle River, New Jersy: Pearson Education Inc., 527.

[5.] Christian, N.(2012) “What is Stress? How to Deal With Stress”. Retrieved from www.question.com/freetrial on 10/07/2013.

[6.] European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2013) “What Causes Work-Related Stress in Teachers?”Retrieved from www.ask/help.com on 22/06/2013.

[7.] Glavas, M. M., Weinberg, J (2006) “Stress, Alcohol Consumption and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis”. In Yehuda, S., Mostofsky, D. I. Nutrients, Stress and Medical Disorders. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press pp.165-183.

[8.] Jeanne,S., Melinda,S., Lawrence,R., and Robert, S(2012) “Stress at Work: Tips to Reduce and Manage Job and Work Stress” Retrieved from www.helpguide.org on 22/06/2013.

[9.] Judy, M.(2013) “Five Daily Rituals to Manage Work Stress”. Retrieved from www.medline.com on 22/06/2013

[10.] Kemeny, M. E.(2007) “Understanding the Interaction Between Psychosocial Stress and Immune- Related Diseases: A Stepwise progression. “Brain, Behaviour, and Immunity, 21(8),1009- 1018

[11.] Lazarus, R. S., DeLongis, A., Folkman, S., & Gruen, R. (2008). Stress and Adaptation Outcomes: The problem of Confounded Measures. The American Psychologist 40(7):770-85.

[12.] Lazarus, R. S.(2006) Psychological Stress and the Coping Process. New York: McGraw-Hill

[13.] Melinda, S., Robert, S., and Jeanne, S,. (2004) Stress Symptoms, Signs and Causes. Retrieved from www.helpguide.org on 22/06/2013.

[14.] Okoro, I. O. (2004) Stress Management and Dieting. A lecture delivered on the occasion of the opening of the 2004/2005 Legal Year at Concorde Hotel, Owerri 14th Oct 13

[15.] Olley, B. O. (2009) Perceived Stress Factors and Coping Mechanisms Among Mothers of Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Western Nigeria. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10831420

Abstract:

Aim: To assess whether Serum Leptin and Lactate dehydrogenase levels as an indication of severity in preeclampsia. Study Design: A prospective case control study, consist of two groups such as group 1 normotensive Pregnants and group 2 as cases with clinically diagnosed preeclampsia Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RL Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre and Proteomics laboratory kolar, between January 2013 and July 2014. Methodology: A total number of 100 pregnant patients were enrolled in the present study. Amongst, normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women Group 1 (n=50) as controls (n=50). Group-2 (n=50) were preeclampsia cases. Five ml of blood samples were collected from each normal pregnant and preeclampsia patients. Leptin levels and lactate dehydrogenase parameters were estimated using ELISA -Micro plate Reader method. Statistical analysis analysed by using SPSS Software. Results: The Mean ± SD values of Lactate dehydrogenase IU/L (399.04±113.08) and Leptinng/ml (9.02±4.65) in normal pregnant and Lactate dehydrogenase IU/L (1296.68±1732.95), Leptin ng/ml (23.32±8.78) in preeclampsia cases were presented. Similarly Mean ± SD values in preeclampsia were presented respectively. Conclusion: The elevated serum leptin levels in preeclampsia indicate endothelial dysfunction involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The relationship of serum leptin and Lactate dehydrogenase levels were increased in preeclampsia that is directly proportional to gestational age in last trimester. These biochemical parameters were significantly elevated in severe preeclampsia, mild preeclampsia and compared to normal pregnancy. Identification of high-risk patients with elevated levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and Leptin necessitate the close monitoring for prompt and correct management which may decrease the complications of disease condition and also facilitate to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

References:

[1.] Cindrova-Davies T. Gabor Than award lecture 2008: preeclampsia-From placental Oxidative stress to maternal endothelial dysfunction. Placenta 2009; 30:55-65.

[2.] Von Dadleszen, P. Mageela, Taylor, Muir J C, Stewart SD, et al. Maternal hypertension and neonatal outcome among small for gestational age infants. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106:335-39.

[3.] Cunningham F G, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth J C, Gilstrap D J, Wenstrom S Y. Williams Obstetrics. 23rd Edition. McGraw Hill Medical Publishing Division 2010; section VII, 34: 706-56.

[4.] Mutlu T U, Ademoglu E. Imbalance between lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status in preeclampsia. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1998; 46: 37-40.

[5.] Maternal mortality in 2005: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNIFPA and the World Bank, Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007.

[6.] World Health Organization Fact Sheet, May 2012.

[7.] Kathleen A. Pennington, Jessica M. Schlitt, Daniel L .Jackson, Laura C. Schulz and Danny J. Schust: Preeclampsia: Multiple approaches for a multifactorial disease, disease models and mechanisms 5, 9­18(2012).

[8.] Misra A, Khurana L. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries. J. of Clin Endo and Metabolism

[9.] Ursula M, Axel M. Gressner: Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism, clinchemis 50:9 1511-1525 (2004).

[10.] Malarewicz A, Gruszka O, Szymkiewicz J, RogalaJ. The usefulness of routine laboratory tests in the evaluation of sudden threat of pregnant woman and the fetus in preeclampsia. Ginekol Pol 2006.,77(4):276­84.

[11.] Procopciuc LM, Hazi GM, Caracostea G: Correlation between the TSHRc Asp727Glu polymorphism and plasma thyroid stimulating hormone levels in Romanian preeclamptic women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011; 27(4): 225-231.

[12.] Naglaa G, Ashraf D, Rania A, and Alaa El H: “Evaluation of serum Leptin and Androgens Levels in Preeclampsia: Relation with Disease Severity”. J. American sci 2011. 7(9):366-372.

[13.] Rubina A, Tabassum M: “Relation between Preeclampsia and Cardiac Enzymes” J. ARYA Atherosclerosis 2008, 4(1): 29-32.

[14.] Yadav S, Yadav R, Saxena U. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and perinatal outcome. J. Obset. Gynecol. Ind. 1997; 17: 322-30

[15.] Coonrod D V, Hickok DE, Zhu K, Easterling T R, Daling JR. Risk factors for Pre-eclampsia in twin pregnancies: a population-based cohort study. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 85:645-50.

[16.] Eskenazi B, Fenster L, Sidney SA. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for Pre-eclampsia. J Am Med Assoc 1991; 266:237­41.

[17.] Stone J L, Lockwood CJ, Berkowitz GS, Alvarez M, Lapinski R, Berkowitz RL. Risk factors for severe Pre-eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83:357-61.

[18.] Chen CL, Cheng Y, Wang PH, Juang CM, Chiu LM, Yang MJ, et al. Review of pre-eclampsia in Taiwan: a multi-institutional study. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2000; 63:869-75.

[19.] Odegard RA, Vatten L J, Nilsen S T, Salvesen K A, Austgulen R. Risk factors and clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 107:1410-6.

[20.] Stamilio DM, Sehdev HM, Morgan MA, Propert K, Macones GA. Can antenatal clinical and biochemical markers predict the development of severe Pre-eclampsia? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182: 589-94.

[21.] Salvatores M, Gennarelli G, Menato G, Massobrio M, Leptin as a possible marker of augmented metabolic risk during pregnancy. Minerva Ginecol 2006; 58(1):1-10.

[22.] Singh, H.J.; Abu Bakar, A.; CheRomli, A. and Nila, A. (2005): Raised leptin concentrations in feto-placental tissues from women with preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy; 24(2): 191-199.

[23.] Laml, T.; Preyer, O.; Hartmann, B.W.; Ruecklinger, E.; Soeregi, G. and Wagenbichler, P. (2001): Decreased maternal serum leptin in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. J Soc Gynecol Invest; 8(2): 89-93.

[24.] Mise, H.; Sagawa, N.; Matsumoto, T.; Yura, S.; Nanno, H.; Itoh, H.; Mori, T.; Masuzaki, H.; Hosoda, K.; Ogawa, Y. and Nakao, K. (1998): Augmented placental production of leptin in pre-eclampsia: possible involvement of placental hypoxia. J. of Clin Endo and Metabolism; 83: 3225-3229.

[25.] SebihaOzkan; Cemal Tamer Erel; Riza Madazli and Kilic Aydinli (2005): Serum leptin levels in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Eur J. of Obstet and Gynecol and Reprod Biol; 120: 158-163.

[26.] Bartha, J. L.; Romero-Carmona, R.; Escobar-Llompan, M. and Comino-Del-gado, R. (2001): The relationships between leptin and inflammatory cytokines in women with preeclampsia. BJOG; 108(12): 1272-6.

[27.] Qublan HS, Ammarin V, Bataineh O, Al Shraideh Z, Tahat Y, Awamleh I, et al. Lactic dehydrogenase as a biochemical marker of adverse pregnancy outcome in severe pre-eclampsia. Med Sci Monit 2005; 11(8): CR393-CR397.

[28.] He S, Bremme K, Kallner A, et al. Increased concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase in pregnancy with Preeclampsia; a predictor for birth of small for gestational age infants. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1995; 39:234-8.

[29.] Martin J N Jr, May WL, Magann E F, et al. Early risk assessment of severe Preeclampsia: admission battery of symptoms and laboratory tests to predict likelihood of subsequent significant maternal morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 180:1407-14.

[30.] Demir SC, Evruke C, Ozgunen FT, et al. Factors that influence morbidity and mortality in severe preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Saudi Med J. 2006; 27:1015-18.

[31.] Hall DR, Odendaaal H J, Kirsten G F, et al. Expectant Management of early onset, severe preeclampsia perinatal outcome. BJOG. 2000; 107:1258-64.

Abstract:

Nutrient needs are higher during adolescence and those with sickle cell disease require a diet that provides plenty of calories, protein, vitamins and minerals. It is therefore pertinent to study the dietary practices of older children who are mainly adolescents with sickle cell disease. This study took place at the sickle cell center Benin City, Edo state using a cluster of clients who are adolescents within the study period of 4 weeks. Clients who participated in this study were both out-patient and in-patients.

A total of 60 clients were interviewed using an interviewer/self administered questionnaire with 51.7% females and 66.6% were 15 years or less. Although 83.3% of the adolescents reportedly take adequate diet, only 35% include fresh vegetables, 41% include fresh fruits, 15% include wheat and 17% include beans in their daily diet. Majority (68.3%) reportedly take ‘special diet’ only when in crisis. This study has shown that adolescents under study do not adequately eat diet that are beneficial to their health and good sources of macro and micronutrients evidenced by the poor irregular intake of fruits, vegetables, beans and wheat products though they claimed to be taking adequate diet. Consequently, emphasis need to be placed on intake of adequate nutritious diet regularly and not just the intake of ‘special diet’ when they are in crisis.

References:

[1.] Aina R. O. and Onasoga O. A. (2013) Perception of Pain among adolescents with sickle cell disease in Benin city, Edo state, Nigeria. Pelagia Library: European Journal of Experimental Biology 2013, 3(1): 401-405

[2.] Ashara Calisse-Atchley Cashaw, 2013. Feasibility of a Nutrition Training Program on Improving Self-Efficacy and life skill Development for adolescents with Sickle Cell disease – Unpublished dissertation for Doctor of Psychology, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Depatment of Psychology.

[3.] de Franceschi L, Bachir D, Galacteros F, et al. Oral magnesium supplements reduce erythrocyte dehydration in patients with sickle cell disease. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:1847-1852.

[4.] de Franceschi L, Bachir D, Galacteros F, et al. Oral magnesium pidolate: effects of long-term administration in patients with sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2000;108(2):284–9.

[5.] Glew RH, Casados J K, Huang Y S, et al. The fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids of children with sickle cell disease in Nigeria. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2002;67:217-222.

[6.] Jaja SI, Ikotun AR, Gbenebitse S, et al. Blood pressure, hematologic and erythrocyte fragility changes in children suffering from sickle cell anemia following ascorbic acid supplementation. J Trop Pediatr. 2002;48:366-370.

[7.] Malinauskas B.M., Gropper S.S., Kawchak D.A., et al., 2000 Impact of acute illness on nutritional status of infants and young children with sickle cell disease. Journal of American Diet Association 2000:100:330-334

[8.] Marwah S. S, Blann A.D. Rea C., et al. Reduced Vitamin E antioxidant capacity in sickle cell disease is related to transfusion status but not to sickle crisis. American Journal of Heamatology, 2002:69:144-146

[9.] Muskiet FA, Muskiet FD, Meiborg G, et al. Supplementation of patients with homozygous sickle cell disease with zinc, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, soybean oil, and fish oil. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54:736-744.

[10.] Nutrition MD Healthcare Providers. 2015. Sickle Cell Disease: Nutritional Considerations. http://www.nutritionmd.org/consumenrs/heamatology/sickle_cel_nutriton.html Accessed 24/09/2015

[11.] Ohnishi ST, Ohnishi T, Ogunmola GB. Sickle cell anemia: a potential nutritional approach for a molecular disease. Nutrition. 2000;16:330-338.

[12.] Organic Information services Pvt ltd., 2015 Nutritional Value of Wheat and barley. https://www.organicfacts.net/nutrition-facts/nutritional-value-of-wheat-and-barley.html Accessed 16^th October, 2015.

[13.] Tomer A, Kasey S, Connor WE, et al. Reduction of pain episodes and prothrombotic activity in sickle cell disease by dietary n-3 fatty acids. Thromb Haemost. 2001;85(6):966–74

Abstract:

This pilot study was conducted for assessing efficacy of Neuro Linguistic Programming Psychotherapy in improving emotional state. NLP psychotherapy techniques used were timeline, anchoring, double dissociation, perceptual positions, reframing, metaphors, strategy change and values elicitation. NLP Psychotherapy session(s) were given to ten participants (N=10) six females and four males. Methods for data collection included personal interviews, participant's experiential report, DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) and NLP wheel of life scale. Assessment of emotional state change was done on Pre and post therapy scores of DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) and NLP wheel of life scale along with changes in experiential report of participants before and after therapy session(s). Results obtained by t-tests performed on DASS scores found statistically significant (p<0.001) improvement for all three categories of emotional state i.e. stress, anxiety and depression. Improvement on wheel of life scale score and subjective experience of participants was also reported suggesting that NLP Psychotherapy could improve emotional state in fewer sessions. This pilot study shows positive outcome and also adds to the sporadic literature of NLP psychotherapy as an evidence based study supported by significant statistical findings, subjective experiential improvement in emotional state of participants with up to six months follow up noting stability of resourceful changes attained. 

References:

[1.] Ashby, W. (1965) An Introduction to Cybernetics. Methuen: London.

[2.] Ashok, S. and Santhakumar, A. R. (2002) NLP to promote TQM for effective implementation of ISO 9000. Managerial Auditing Journal, 17(5): 261-5.

[3.] Bandler, R. (1985) Using your Brain for a Change. Moab, Utah: Real People Press.

[4.] Bandler, R. and Grinder, J. (1975b) Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, M.D. Vol 1. Cupertino, California: Meta Publications.

[5.] Bandler, R. and Grinder, J. (1979) Frogs into Princes: Neuro-linguistic Programming. Moab, Utah: Real People Press.

[6.] Bandler, R. and MacDonald, W. (1988) An Insider’s Guide to Sub-Modalities. Cupertino, California: Meta Publications.

[7.] Barnett, E. A. (1990) The contribution and influence of neurolinguistic programming on analytical hypnotherapy. Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis 11(1): 1-14.

[8.] Bateson, G. (1972) Steps to an Ecology of Mind. London: Paladin/Granada.

[9.] Bolstad, R. (2002) Resolve: A new model of therapy. Crown House Publishing Ltd.

[10.] Craft, A. (2001) Neuro-linguistic Programming and learning theory. The Curriculum Journal 12(1): 125-36. NLP

[11.] Field, E. S. (1990) Neurolinguistic programming as an adjunct to other psychotherapeutic/hypnotherapeutic interventions. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 32(3): 174-82.

[12.] Georges D.P. (1996) Improved employee selection and staffing through meta programmes. Career Development International 1(5): 5-9.

[13.] Geronilla, L. (1989) Neuro-linguistic programming compared to reality therapy. Journal of Reality Therapy 9(1): 13-19.

[14.] Gray R M, Liotta R F: PTSD: Extinction, Reconsolidation, and the Visual-Kinesthetic Dissociation Protocol. Traumatology 18(2) - SAGE journals: 3–16, 2012.

[15.] Grinder, J. and Elgin, S. (1973) A Guide to Transformational Grammar. New York: Holt,

[16.] Grinder, J., DeLozier, J. and Bandler, R. (1977) Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, M.D. Vol II. Capitola, California: Meta Publications.

[17.] Jupp, J. J. (1989) Neurolinguistic programming: an experimental test of the effectiveness of "leading" in hypnotic inductions. British Journal of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 6(2): 91-7.

[18.] Lee, A. (1993) Outdoor education and Neuro-linguistic Programming. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership 10(4):16-17.

[19.] McWhirter, J. (1992) Sensory Systems Training Manual. Glasgow: Sensory Systems. NLP

[20.] Perls, F. (1969) Gestalt Therapy Verbatim. Moab, Utah: Real People Press.

[21.] Rogers, C.R. (1961) On Becoming a Person. London: Constable.

[22.] Sandhu, D. S. (1994) Suggestopedia and Neurolinguistic Programming: introduction to whole brain teaching and psychotherapy. Journal of Accelerative Learning and Teaching 19(3): 241-56.

[23.] Stanton, H. E. (1994) Suggestology and NLP: are there similarities?. Journal of Accelerative Learning and Teaching 19(3): 241-56.

[24.] Tabrizi F, Shafiabadi A, Zahrakar K. (2015) Investigation the effectiveness of assertiveness training using neuro-linguistic strategies (NLP) to reduce anger among married women. New York Science Journal 2015;8(1):64-72.

[25.] Thompson J.E., Courtney, L. and Dickson, D. (2002) The effect of neurolinguistic programming on organizational and individual performance: a case study. Journal of European Industrial Training 26(6): 292-8.

[26.] Tosey P. and Mathison J. (2003) Neuro-linguistic programming and learning theory: a response. The curriculum Journal Vol. 14 No. 3 Autumn 2003 pp 371- 388

[27.] Trickey, K. V. (1997) How information gathering works for the librarian or the personal development coach. Journal of Managerial Psychology 12(5): 352-6.

[28.] Wake L, Leighton M: Pilot study using Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) in post-combat PTSD Mental Health Review Journal 19(4): 251-264, 2014.

[29.] Watzlawick, P., Beavin, J.H. and Jackson, D.D. (1967) Pragmatics of Human Communication. New York: Norton.

Abstract:

The reason why graduate teachers decide to quite their job is difficult to tell because of the complexity of turnover decision processes involving a large number of variables. This study therefore, aims at assessing how relative weights of teacher's satisfaction with salary, working conditions, and professional training experiences on job satisfaction affects turnover intentions, and actual turnover. One hundred graduate teachers made up of fifty males and fifty females were purposively sampled for the study. Data was gathered by administering a questionnaire which consists of three standardized scales, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and perception of work environment. These scales elicited information on job satisfaction and turnover intention of the selected participants in addition to demographic data which elicited information on age, marital status, number of years in teaching among others. Findings revealed that work environment had no influence on job satisfaction and turnover intentions whiles job satisfaction correlates negatively with turnover intentions. Male participants expressed higher turnover intention than their female counterparts. It was also found that, number of years of service (tenure) has minimal influence on teachers’ intentions to leave. It was concluded that in order to reduce turnover intentions among graduate teachers in order to resolve constant shortage of graduate teaching personnel, a lot more is needed to be done on job satisfaction among teachers. 

References:

[1.] Baker, D., & Smith, T. (1997). Teacher turnover and teacher quality: Refocusing the Teachers College Record, 99(1 ), 29-35.

[2.] Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis with special Reference to education (3rd ed. ). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

[3.] Brewer, D. (1996). Career paths and quit decisions: Evidence from teaching. Journal of

[4.] Darling-Hammond, L. (1999). Solving the dilemmas of teacher supply, demand, and standards: How we can ensure a competent, caring, and qualified teacher for every child.  New York, NY: National Commission on Teaching & America's Future.

[5.] Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). Teacher quality and student achievement: A review of state policy evidence. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8(1).

[6.] Ehrenberg, R. G., & Smith, R. S. (2003). Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy (8^th. ed. ). New York, NY : Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

[7.] Evans, L. (2001 ). Delving deeper into morale, job satisfaction and motivation among education professionals: Re-examining' the leadership dimension. Educational Management Administration, 29, 291 -306.

[8.] Grissmer, D. W., & Kirby, S. N. (1997). Teacher turnover' and teacher quality. Teachers College Record, 99(1 ), 45-56.

[9.] Hanushek, E. A., Kain, 1. F., & Rivkin, S. G. (1999). Do higher salaries buy better teachers? (Working Paper No. 7082).Cambridge, M A: National Bureau of Economic Research.

[10.] Herzberg, F. (1968). Work and the nature of man. London: Staple Press.

[11.] Ingersoll, R. M. (2001 ). Teacher turnover, teacher shortages, and the organization of schools

[12.] Ingersoll, R. M. (2003a). ls there really a teacher shortage? Seattle, W A: Center for the (No. Document R-01 -1 ). Seattle, W A: University of Washington, Center for the Study of Teaching and Policy. Study of Teaching and Policy.

[13.] Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., & Locke, E. A. (2000). Personality and job satisfaction: The mediating role of job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(2), 237-249.

[14.] Kirby, S. N., & Grissmer, D. W. (1993). Teacher attrition: Theory, evidence, and suggested policy options. Santa Monica, CA: RAND

[15.] Macdonald, D. (1999). Teacher attrition: a review of literature. Teaching and Teacher Education, 15(8), 835-848

[16.] Niehoff, B. P. & Moorman, R. H. (1993). Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 527-556.

[17.] Vandenberg, R. 1., & Nelson, J. B. (1999). Disaggregating the motives underlying turnover intentions: When do intentions predict turnover behavior? Human Relations, 52(10), 1313-1336.

Abstract:

This study attempts to reduce the Type-A Behavior among Industrial Workers. Many studies have examined the Health Effects of Type-A Behavior and Job Satisfaction etc. The Personality Types of individuals have been determined by many Theories and Models, e. g. the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Briggs Myers and Hauley McCauley, 1985), The Big Five Model (Costa and McCrae, 1993), Psychoticism, Extraversion and Neuroticism – PEN Model (Eysenck, 1947).

The above models assume that Personality Factor has been crystallized over a period of time due to prolonged Habituation. Hence it is generally believed that Personality will remain constant. But the present study tried to explore the possibility of changing the Personality by Deliberate Self-Effort and concomitant Behavior Change. The following Behavior Technologies were administered on the sample of Industrial workers (N=51 ). 

References:

[1.] Acharya Mahaprajna, (1975)Preksha Dhyana Centre: Perception of Psychic Colours. Rajasthan: Jain Vishva Bharati. (Mahaprana Dwani in Meditation)

[2.] Briggs, M. and McCauley, H. (1985). Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Sage Journals.

[3.] Cooper, J. K. and Davidson, C. T . (1991 ). Type-A/Type-B Personality Tests. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12 (2), 155-168.

[4.] Costa and McCrae. (1993). The Big Five Model.

[5.] Cottington, E, Matthews K, Talbott, E. and Kuller L. (1983). Occupational Stress and Blood Pressure in a Blue-Collar Population: American Journal of Epidemiology 118: 442.

[6.] Eysenck, H. J. (1947)PEN Model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 69 (2), Aug 1995, 308-317.

[7.] Eysenck, H. J. (1967). The biological basis of Personality. Springfield, IL

[8.] Friedman, M. (1996). Type-A Behavior: Its Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, Plenum Press, pp. 31 ff. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-AandType-Bpersonality theory.

[9.] Friedman and Rosenman. (1959). Type A Behavior Pattern; Some of its Pathophysiological Components. Springer Journal of Urban Health, 53(7), 593– 60

[10.] Friedman, M. et al. (1981). Feasibility of Altering Type-A Behavior Pattern after Myocardial Infarction. American Heart Association Journals. Circulation 1982; 66; 83-92.

[11.] Ganesan, V (1983). Knowledge Workers: Organizational Climate and Motivation. Psychological Reports. 52, 884-886.

[12.] Mc Givney, (2008). Evolution of the Influence of Personality Types on Performance of Shared T asks in a Collaborative. Ph. D. Dissertation submitted to Dublin City University.

[13.] Redford, W . B. et al. (1980). Type A Behavior, Hostility and Coronary Atherosclerosis. Journal of Biobehavioral Medicine 1980, 42, 6.

[14.] Vethathiri Maharishi (1972). Kayakalpa Practice, Manavalakkalai. Erode, India: Vethathiri Pathippagam.

[15.] Vethathiri Maharishi (1972). Manavalakkalai Vol. 1 . , Erode, India: Vethathiri Pathippagam. 

Abstract:

The article review discusses three studies that examine the factors lead to burnout which experienced by the school counselor in different time interval. In the Journal School of Counseling article " The voices of High School Counselors: lived experiences of job stress ", Leigh Falls and Mary Nichter (2007) suggested school counselors commonly experience situations of high demand and low control, due to the complex and diverse nature of the work they perform. In the NCSU libraries article, "Counseling Matters: a multi-case study of high school counselors and their role in the school community", as the findings of Michelle Hurt Windle (2009) suggested that high school counselors had experience an overloaded with noncounseling related duties and expected to serve far too many students. The results presented by Michael Moyer (2011) in the Journal of School Counseling article "Effects of nonguidance activities, supervision, and the ratios of student-to-counselor school counselor burnout, indicated that the greater amount of time spent on non-guidance duties, the greater it significantly affects school counselor burnout. Also, school counselors often experience of low self-efficacy due to lack of support, role ambiguity, role conflicts and workloads which caused burnout from the school counselors' profession. All of the article imply that several factors such as large caseloads, role ambiguity, non-guidance activities and lack of time spent on counseling duties lead to burnout. All of the article imply that several factors such as large caseloads, role ambiguity, non-guidance activities and lack of time spent on counseling duties lead to burnout. Most of the studies presented the same factors in different period that confirmed the causes of school counselor burnout. Each study has weakness that include bias, contradiction and limits of the study.

References:

Abstract:

This was an empirical quantitative and confirmatory research. The purpose of this study was to show the effect of short-term solution-focused counseling on adolescents’ self efficacy, by comparing results of experiment group and comparison group. The research question was: how far can a short-term solution-focused counseling affect adolescent’s self-efficacy in issues they face daily at school; such as communication, learning difficulties, emotional problems and changing one’s lifestyle, and how long will the impact last? The researchers hypothesized that school seniors who were counseled would have a better self-efficacy which in turn will enhance their self-respect and their ability to deal with personal problems, develop their social skills and boost their self-confidence.

References:

Abstract:

As matter of facts, ethnic conflict is an outcome of number of interrelated factors. It is important to cautiously and thoroughly study each of these factors and establish relationship among the characteristics involved. Appropriate approach is useful in an endeavor to resolve ethnic conflicts through a peaceful means.

Ethnic conflict leads, among other things, to the breakdown of law and order, the disruption of economic activities, political stability, humanitarian crises and a state of uncertainty which prevent long run investment and development efforts and peace. A case on line is the conflict that broke out between the SPLA and SPLA in opposition on 15th December 2013, in South Sudan, all the developments made from independence till the date were gone.

Violent ethnic conflict leads to extraordinary displacement of people including vulnerable groups such as women, children, the elderly as well as the disabled who often are seriously affected by violent conflict. Therefore, it is worthwhile to give due concern to interethnic relations and manage it cautiously and systematically. Conflict is like contagious disease. Unwise handling of conflict gives it the opportunity to widespread all of a sudden. If it occurred, conflict must be handled at its early stages. Once allowed to escalate, it would change to violence that cannot be easily remedied and control. A good example is the Central Africa Republic ongoing ethnic violence between the Muslims and the Christians (Alemayehu, Fantaw. (2009). 

References:

[1.] 5th Population and Housing Census (2008)

[2.] Alemayehu, Fantaw. (2009).Conflict Management in the Ethiopian Multi-national Federation European University, Center for peace studies (MA Thesis), Stadtschlaining.

[3.] Census Priority Results (2009)

[4.] Deng, Francis M. (1978). Tradition and Modernization: A Challenge for Law among the Dinka of Sudan. New Haven: Yale University Press.

[5.] http://www.br.de/radio/bayern2/sendungen/notizbuch/suedsudan-krieg-nationalstaat-100.html

[6.] https://www.google.com/search?q=cattle+raiding+in+jonglei&tbm

[7.] Jok, Jok Madut (1998). Militarization, Gender and Reproductive Health in South Sudan. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.

[8.] Miraya FM, “Warrap State to Aid Return of Abyei Citizens,” July 31, 2013, http://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan-republic/warrap-state-aid-return-abyei-citizens

[9.] Radio Tamazuj, “Hunger Among Displaced in Gogrial West,” July 15, 2014. https://radiotamazuj.org/en/article/hunger-among-displaced-gogrial-west

[10.] Small Arms Survey, Human Baseline Assessment for Sudan and South Sudan

[11.] Southern Sudan Household Health Survey Report (2006)

[12.] Southern Sudan Livelihood Profiles (2008)

[13.] Statistical Yearbook for Southern Sudan (2009)

[14.] United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan, Conflict in South Sudan: A Human Rights Report, May 8, 2014. 

Abstract:

This study has been conducted specifically to explore the experiences of people living with HIV/AIDS and taking antiretroviral medications in Nairobi. This study specifically sought to: describe individuals’ feelings before and after initiation of antiretroviral medications; ascertain whether there is stigma associated with taking antiretroviral medications; Identify support mechanisms available for people taking antiretroviral medications; describe challenges individuals face as a result of taking antiretroviral medications, and establish coping mechanisms available for antiretroviral medication related challenges.

This study was a cross sectional qualitative inquiry that used in-depth interviews to explore the experiences of people on antiretroviral medications in Nairobi. The results showed that before taking antiretroviral medications, participants were feeling hopeless, sad and frustrated. However, when they started the antiretroviral medications, their feelings changed positively to feelings of hope and courage. Family support is crucial for good adherence to antiretroviral medications; though these medications pose the greatest challenge of treatment side effects. In summary, this study showed that antiretroviral medications are a greatest investment in the physical, medical and psychosocial welfare for people living with HIV/AIDS.

References:

[1.] Chantler. (2005). From disconnection to connection: Race, gender and the politics of therapy. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 33(2), pp. 239-256.

[2.] Dlamini, P.S., Wantland, D., Makoae, L.N., Chirwa, M., Kohi, T.W., Greeff, M., … Holzemer, W. L. (2009). HIV-stigma and missed medications in HIV-positive people in five African countries. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 23(5), pp. 377_387. and psychological adjustment to HIV/AIDS. Psychosomatics, 44(6), pp. 485-491.

[3.] Gilbert, L., & Walker, L. (2009). Stigma as experienced by patients in an HIV/AIDS Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Health & Social Care in the Community, 18(2), 139_146.

[4.] Kaai, S., Avina, S., Luchters, S., Geibel, S., Munyao, P., Mandaliya, K., Shikely, K., Temmerman, M., and Rutenberg, N. (2007). Changes in stigma among a cohort of people on antiretroviral therapy: Findings from Mombasa, Kenya. Nairobi: Population Council HIV antiretroviral treatments, access and adherence in an ethnically diverse sample of men who have sex with men. AIDS Care, 15, pp. 89-102.

[5.] Logie, C., & Gadalla, T.M. (2009). Meta-analysis of health and demographic correlates of stigma towards people living with HIV. AIDS Care, 21(6), pp.742-753.

[6.] Pearson, C.R., Micek, M.A., Pfeiffer, J., Montoya, P., Matediane, E., Jonasse, T., Gloyd, S. (2009). One year after ART initiation: Psychosocial factors associated with stigma among HIV-positive Mozambicans. AIDS and Behaviour, 13(6), pp.1189-1196.

[7.] Rogers, C. (1951). Client-Centred Therapy.: Constable: London

[8.] Simbayi, L.C., Kalichman, S., Strebel, A., Cloete, A., Henda, N., & Nqeketo, A. (2007). Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Social Science & Medicine, 64(9), pp.1823_1831.

[9.] Smith, R., Rossetto, K., & Peterson, B.L. (2008). A meta-analysis of disclosure of one’s HIV-positive status, stigma and social support. AIDS Care, 20(10), pp.1266-1275.

[10.] UNAIDS. (2009). Annual Report, 2009: UNAIDS. Geneva:

[11.] Wolfe et al. (2008). The impact of universal access to antiretroviral therapy on HIV stigma in Botswana. American journal of Public Health 98(10), pp. 1865-1871.

[12.] Wood, E., Hogg, R. S., Yip, B., Harrigan, P. R., O’Shaughnessy, M. V., & Montaner, J. S. (2003). Effect of medication adherence on survival of HIV-infected adults who start highly active antiretroviral therapy when the CD4+ cell count is 0.200 to 0.350 × 10(9) cells/L. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139, pp. 810–816.

Abstract:

The polymeric ligand (resin) was prepared from 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone with 1,4-butane diol in presence of polyphosphoric acid as a catalyst at   160° C for 13 hrs.. The poly [(2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone) 1,4-butylene ] i.e. H(DHBP-1,4-BD) forms, 1:2 metal: ligand chelates with La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III),Gd(III), Tb(III), and Dy(III). The polymeric ligand and its polychelates were characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, thermogravimetric analysis, NMR and IR results. The molecular weight was determined using number average molecular weight ( ) by the vapour pressure osmometry (VPO) method. All the polychelates are paramagnetic in nature except La(III). The resin and their polychelates were tested for antimicrobial activity against E. coli, B. substilis, and S. aureus (bacteria) and S. cerevisiae (yeast). It is found that the synthesized polychelates can be used as an effective and efficient antibacterial agents.

References:

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[2.] Joshi J.D., Patel N.B., Patel S.D., Ion-exchange study of poly [(2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone)propylene]resin and its polychelates: Synthesis, characterization. J. Macro. Molecular Sci. Part A, PAC., 43, 1179-1188, 2006.

[3.] Mizuta T., Onishi M., Miyoshi K., Photolytic ringopening polymerization of phosphorus–birdge. 1: Ferrocenophane coordinating to an organometallic fragment, Organometallics, 19, 5005-5009, 2000.

[4.] Rivas B L., Maturana H.A., Molina M.J., Gomej- Anton M.R., Rosa M., Pierola I.F., Metal ion binding properties of poly (N-vinylimidazole) hydrogels, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 67, 1109, 1998.

[5.] Tusa H., Paavola A., Harjula R., Letho J., 8th Int. Conf. of Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation, 3, 42, 2001.

[6.] Orazzhanova L.K., Yashkarova M.G., Bimendina L.A., Kudaibergenov S.E., Binary and ternary polymerstrontium complexes and the capture of radioactive strontium-90 from the polluted soil of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test site, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87, 759-769, 2003.

[7.] Atia A.A., Donia A.M., Elwakeel K.Z., Selective separation of mercury (II) useing a synthetic resin containing amine and mercaptan as chelating groups, Reacti. Funct. Polymer, 65, 267-276, 2005.

[8.] Jacob A.M., Yizhak M., Ion-Exchange and Solvent Extraction, 13th Ed., Marcel & Dekker Inc., New York, 1997.

[9.] Geckeler K.E., Rongnong Z., Reaction products of amino or amide group containing polymer with compounds containing functional and linking groups, Ger. Offen. DE , 4227019, 1994; Chem. Abstr., 121, 10302f, 1994.

[10.] Alelah A., Moet A., Functionalised Polymers and Applications; Chapman and Hall, London, 93, 1990.

[11.] Vankrevelen D.W, New developments in the field of flame-resistance fibers, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 22, 132, 1972.

[12.] Dentini M., Santis P., Vardin A., Formation properties and structures of bis(O-hydroxybenzylideneamine) copper(II) chelates of polypeptide ligands, Macromol. Chem., 175, 327, 1974.

[13.] Patel M.N., Patel J.B., Chelateing polymers of phenolic resin, J. Macromol. Sci. A Chem., 19, 193-199, 1983.

[14.] Nho Y.C., Park J.S., Jin J.H., Antibacterial activity of sulfonated styrene-grafted polypropylene fabric and its metallic salt, J. Macro. Molecular Sci. Part A, PAC, 36, 731 -740, 1993.

[15.] Jayakumar R., Rajkumar M., Nagendran R., Nanjundan S., Synthesis and characterization of metal-containing polyurethanes with antimicrobial activity, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 85, 1194 - 1206, 2002.

[16.] Belfiore L.A., Curdie M.P. M., Das P.K., Macromolecule-metal complexes: Ligand field stabilization and thermophysical property modification. Polymer, 42, 9995 - 10006, 2001

[17.] Nursen S., Ebru K., Bekir S., Aulin O., Synthesis of some polymer-metal complexes and elucidation of their structures, J. Macro. Molecular Sci. Part A, PAC, 43, 1227-1235, 2006.

[18.] Silverstein R.M., Webster, F.X., Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 6th Ed., John Wiley, New York, 1998.

[19.] Eliassi A., Modarress H., Water activities in binary and ternary aqueous system of poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol) and dextran, Euro. Polym. J., 37, 1487-1492, 2001.

[20.] Nikolaev V.A., Logvinenko L.T., Myachina L.T., Thermal Analysis, Academic; press New York., 779, 1969.

[21.] Kriza A., Reiss A., Florea S., Carproin T., Studies on complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) with Schiff base derived from 3-aminodibenzofuran and salicylaldehyde, J. Ind. Chem. Soc., 77, 207-208, 2000.

[22.] Stanier R.Y., Introduction to the Microbial World, 5th Ed., Prentice Hall, N.J., 16-20, 1986.

[23.] Chohan Z. H., Kausar S., Synthesis, characterization and biological properties of tridentate NNO, NNS, and NNN donor thiazole derived furnyl, thiophenyl and pyrollyl Schiff bases and their cobalt(II), copper( II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal chelates, Met.- Based Drugs, 7, 17-22, 2000.

Abstract:

This study had as its objective to investigate the characteristics of coconut fibre, from the fruit disposed in the market place at Effurun, Delta State Nigeria to check the viability of application of the fibre as carrier for hydrocarbon degrading microorganism. The samples of the coconut fibre were collected, ground, macerated, sieved and stored. The particle size, available phosphorus, nitrogen content and moisture content of the coconut fibres were determined. The results showed that the coconut fibres have potential related to other natural fibers studied in literature, to be used as carrier for hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms in remediation of petroleum polluted soil.

References:

[1.] Agiri, G. O., Akumagba, P. E., Adimula, H. A., and Edoga, M. O. (2011) Isolation and Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Degrading Bacteria from Soils around Warri, Delta State, Nigeria.

[2.] Ahmedna, M., Marshall W. E, Rao R .M, (2000) Production of Granular Activated Carbons from select Agricultural by products and Evaluation of their Physical, Chemical and adsorptive properties. Bioresource Technol. 71:113-123 .

[3.] Celia, R. C., Regina, A. S., Julia, B. R., Jorge, B. (2013) Mechanical Characterization of Green Coconut Fiber for Application in the Footwear Industry. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, Vol. 2, No. 9

[4.] Harries, H.(1997) Coconut Palm Encyclopaedia of Food Science Food Technology and Nutrition. 3rd Edition, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers.

[5.] Martins, A. P., Watanabe, T., Silva, P. L R., Borelli, C., Marcicano, J. P. P., and Sanches, R. A., (2013).Use of YoungNutCoirFiberforTextileApplicability,RiodeJaneiro:Redigev.4,n.2.

[6.] Saville, B.P., (2007).Physical Testing of Textiles, Cambridge: The Textile Institute Woodhead Publishing Limited.

[7.] Tam, M., Antal M (1999).Preparation of Activated Carbons from Macadamia nut shell and Coconut shell by air activation. Ind. Eng Chem. Res. 38: 4268-4276

Abstract:

Wi-Fi performs a figurative role for interior surroundings in localization lacking of any supplementary procedure or tools by means of IEEE 802.11principles. User’s site is planned on the foundation of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) commencing of Access Points (AP’s) contained by coverage vicinity through using Revisiting Hata Okumara Formula model and method adopted is Trilateration. Tentative outcomes concluded that results are improved approximately concerning about 1.1m referenced to preceding work using the similar practice. Statistical figures shows upgrading of outcome in efficiency and being exact enough to situate user surrounded by 1m or lesser in an enclosed atmosphere.

References:

[1] Ambili Thottam Parameswara and Mohammad Iftekhar Husain, "Is RSSI a Reliable Parameter in Sensor Localization Algorithms – An Experimental Study," , USA, 2009.

[2] Da Zhang and Wenhong Zhao, "Localization Technologies for Indoor Human Tracking," in Future Information Technology (FutureTech), 2010, pp. 1- 6.

[3]  Binghao Li and Andrew G. Dempster, "On outdoor positioning with Wi-Fi," Journal of Global Positioning Systems, vol. Vol. 7, no. No. 1 :, pp. 18-26, (2008).

[4] Holger Linde, "On Aspects of Indoor Localization," August 2006.

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Abstract:

Clinical hypnotherapy is proven by many research studies as an evidence-based practice. Hypnotherapy is classified as a complementary therapy which regulated by Ministry of Health in Malaysia. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that many patients suffered in Malaysia. However, there is still lack of practitioner who specialized in IBS and offer effective intervention. According to a recent study (Lindfors el at., 2012), gut-directed hypnotherapy is one of the most effective intervention for IBS related issues and the result able to sustain up to 1 year. However, traditional gut-directed hypnotherapy involves 12 sessions of 1 hour therapy session. This case study will demonstrate the advantages of personalized self-hypnosis method which combine with a brief version of gut-directed hypnotherapy session which only involve 3 sessions. Treatment is tailored for Eric Liu, a male client who is 35 years old and diagnosed with Irritable bowel syndrome by medical doctor. 

References:

[1.] Perjohan Lindfors, Peter Unge, Patrik Arvidsson, Henry Nyhlin, Einar Björnsson, Hasse Abrahamsson, Magnus Simrén (2012). Effects of Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy on IBS in Different Clinical Settings—Results From Two Randomized, Controlled Trials Journal: American Journal of Gastroenterology 2012. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2011.340

Abstract:

The purpose of this case study is to serve as a model for educators, family and parents. The study is focus not only on children’s reading or level of intellectual but also outline an intervention plan that can be implemented by educators and family members. Further the intervention strategies are to assist a bilingual learner that experiences a low average reading ability.

References:

[1.] Chafouleas, Sandra., Daly III, Edward., Skinner H., Christopher. (2005) Interventions for Reading Problems. Designing and Evaluating Effective Strategies. The Guilford Press.

[2.] Douglas B, Virginia I., and Parry K, Penny A. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Vol.11, No. 2, pp.313 -326. Effects of Reward on Delayed Reaction a Time Task Performance of Hyperactive Children. 1983.

[3.] Felder N, Richard M., and Silverman V, Linda K. Learning and Teaching Styles in Engineering Education. Engr. Education, 78(7), 674-681. 1988.

[4.] Marcus S, Nadine Z. Understanding Instructions. Journal of Educational Psychology, v88 n1. p49-63. Mar 1996.

[5.] Mather M, Nancy L, Wendling P, Barbara J. (2009) Essentials of Evidence-Based Academic Interventions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.