Abstract:

Online marketing via internet on mobile apps (which includes android, ios and windows app) along with web mining is an essential part of e-commerce. In the recent years, with the more use of mobile devices usage trends that grow exponentially, providing online marketing services for mobile users has been becoming business opportunities. Despite these opportunities, mobile marketing system using mobile apps along with web mining for e-commerce has not been widely studied. As mobile devices are personal tools, mobile marketing systems along with web mining must be properly designed such that users will accept the systems. Nowadays online business breaks the barrier of time and space as compared to the physical office. Big companies around the world are realizing that e-commerce is not just buying and selling over Internet, rather it improves the efficiency to compete with other giants in the market. This paper presents the design and prototype of an e-commerce mobile marketing system using mobile apps and also how web mining helps resolving user acceptance criteria, such as information personalization, privacy protection, up-to-date content, payments, statistics and analysis of usage of e-commerce market on the internet. The proposed system integrates a marketing provider website and mobile applications used by shoppers. The design and prototype are provided for the web mining, website, mobile app applications and the communication between both sub-systems that employs web services and a cloud service. Prototype testing and evaluation have been performed to ensure that the proposed system works properly. Business over internet provides the opportunity to customers and partners where their products and specific business can be found. For this purpose data mining sometimes called as knowledge discovery is used. Web mining is data mining technique that is applied to the world wide web. There are vast quantities of information available over the Internet.

General terms: Data mining techniques, e-commerce applications and web mining.

References:

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[3].     Balan, R.K., Ramasubbu, N., Prakobphol, K., Christin, N., Hong, J. (2009), “mFerio: The Design and Evaluation of a Peer-to-Peer Mobile Payment System”, Proc. of MobiSys’09, June 22–25, Kraków, Poland.

[4].     Berendt, A. Hotho, and G. Stumme, "Towards semantic web mining," Proceedings of the International Semantic Web Conference, vol. 2342, pp. 264-278, 2002

[5]. Criswanto D. Nugroho (2012), Development of Android-Based Mobile Commerce System Providing

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[7]. Freeman, A. and Sanderson, S. (2011), Pro ASP.NET MVC 3 Framework 3rd Ed., Apress Inc., USA.

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[9]. Gao, T., Sultan, F. and Rohm, A. J. (2010), “Factors influencing Chinese youth consumers’ acceptance of mobile marketing”. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 27 No. 7, pp. 574–583.

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[15].  Liu, Z., Bonazzi, R., Fritscher, B. and Pigneur, Y. (2011), “Privacy-friendly business models for location-based mobile services”, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, Vol. 6 Issue 2, pp. 90-107

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Abstract:

Technology has become the bedrock on which all organizations thrive. Rural and Community Banks are no exception from this rule, as such to leverage on the current technological advancement, Rural and Community Banks (RCB) must invest heavily in highly sophisticated Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems. As part of the Core functions of the ARB Apex Bank which serves as a mini central bank, is to provide ICT services and Training of IT staff that manage Rural and Community Banks. This paper highlights on the core mandate of the supervisory bank of the Rural and Community banks, ARB Apex bank on the Management of the ICT infrastructure of RCBs in Ghana, the modalities, the challenges as well as the successes in taking secured and reliable banking services to rural communities in Ghana. ARB Apex Bank has progressively introduced high level technology into Rural and Community banking making them very competitive even on the international space.

Keywords: Rural and Community Bank, ICT infrastructure, ARB Apex Bank, Electronic Banking, Technology Management.

References:

[1]. Awo, J. P., & Akotey, J. O. (2012). Financial Performance of Rural Banks in Ghana: A Case Study of Naara Rural Bank.

[2]. Business News, November 20, 2010, MiDA- sponsored rural banks computerisation project start operations

[3]. Chan, F. M. (2002, October). ICT in Malaysian schools: Policy and strategies. In a Workshop on the Promotion of ICT in Education to Narrow the Digital Divide (pp. 15-22).

[4]. Humphreys, E. (2011). Information security management system standards. Datenschutz und Datensicherheit-DuD, 35(1), 7-11.

[5]. Miller, J., & Doyle, B. A. (1987). Measuring the effectiveness of computer-based information systems in the financial services sector. MIS quarterly, 107-124.

[6]. Project Completion Digests - 2010 - Ghana Rural Financial Services Project (RFSP). Available at https://operations.ifad.org/documents/654016/2154e360-5324-429a-a27c-d2661bb384af (Accessed 14th August, 2017).

[7]. Susanto12, H., Almunawar, M. N., & Tuan, Y. C. (2011). Information security management system standards: A comparative study of the big five. International Journal of Electrical Computer Sciences IJECSIJENS, 11(5), 23-29.

[8]. Tshinu, S. M., Botha, G., & Herselman, M. (2008). An integrated ICT management framework for commercial banking organizations in South Africa. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge & Management, 3.

[9]. Zakaria, M. M. (2013). Evaluation of operational efficiency of the Temenos T24 Core Banking Software on rural banks in Ghana: a case study of South Akim rural Bank Ltd, Eastern Region, Africa Development and Resources Research Institute (ADRRI) Journal, Vol. I, No.1, pp. 40-49.

Abstract:

Human Security was never a concept used in Haiti in the past. As disaster in this country remain a critical factor, the concept become more important than ever. Human Security can respond to the complexity of emerging security threats in an integrated manner. Human security protect the vital core of all human lives. It is important to use processes that build on people’s strengths and aspirations. It means creating, social, environmental, economic and cultural systems that together give people the building blocks of survival, livelihood and dignity. This project work respond to those needs. It is all about empowerment and protection. With this concept, institutions are reinforce with a focus on capacity development of keys partners locally and regionally. The North department was a key focus to build that capacity targeting vulnerable communities. By addressing the full range of insecurities faced by the targeted communities in the North, the project promotes responses that are community-driven, preventive and sustainable in the long run.

References:

[1]. EM DAT (1963-2013), retrieved from http://www.emdat.be/"Human Security and Natural Disasters"-United Nations University Institute for Sustainability and Peace retrieved from http://isp.unu.edu/research/human-security.

[2]. Index Mundi – estimation (2010-2015), retrieved from http://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/ Mission technique Nord – (2013) Political Champions of resilience, UNDP Haiti report 2014 retrieved from http://www.undp.org/.

[3]. Population census- (2009). Haitian Institute of Statistics and Information (IHSI), retrieved from http://www.ihsi.ht/ “The Human Security Implications of Natural Disasters: the recent cases Pakistan and Haiti” - Carlos António Carvalho Observatory for Human Security, ISCSP-UTL (January 2011).

[4]. UNDP Capacity Analysis of preparedness and response, Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (2013), retrieved from http://www.undp.org/.

Abstract:

Governments of Uganda and schools in Uganda have made great efforts to develop the education sector for quality education through Higher Institutions of Learning. In Uganda, the number of these institutions has increased since almost four decades. Unfortunately, through different tracer studies, statistics show that employments are rare to the African graduates and worse in Uganda. Youth unemployment in Uganda is the highest in Africa. More than 62 % of graduates in Uganda are not employed and the African development Bank says it could be as high as 83 %. The main question was to find out all opportunities in Higher Institutions of Learning that could enable graduates and Mbale District dwellers to induce, maintain, and promote sustainable development. The purpose of the research was therefore to identify those opportunities in Higher Institutions of Learning that can be useful to sustainable development of Mbale. The research was conducted in Uganda in Mbale District. The method of research was qualitative. The researcher used interview as well as moderator guides as tools for data collection. The sampling technique was random and convenient in nature. The findings were critically examined and faithfully reported. Identified opportunities in Higher Institutions of Learning were essentially: guided skills based knowledge, technologies, scientific know-how that can be used to induce, maintain, and promote sustainable development through global education, research, and technology and all findings have to lead to special approaches that will satisfy the needs of people in Mbale, Uganda and the world.

Keywords: School leadership, Higher Institutions of Learning, Integral Development.

References:

[1]. Hopper & Potter (2001) Intelligent Leadership. USA: Random House Business books https://www.csrmatch.org/project/transforming-communities-initiative-in-mbale-district-Uganda

Https://www.google.com/#q=uganda+population.

[2]. Kaahwa, M.G. (2008) Research Methodology: Made Simple. Kampala (UG): Sure Technical Association Ltd.

[3]. ___________ (2007) A Search Engine For leaders, communicators, Researchers, and Educator in Research, Communication, Leadership, And Instructional Methods. Kampala: Sure Technical Association Ltd.

[4]. King, K. (2004) The External Agenda of Educational Reform: A Challenge to Educational Self-reliance and dependency in Sub-Saharan Africa. Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh. CICE Hiroshima University, Journal of International Cooperation in Education, Vol 7, No.1, (2004) pp. 85.

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[7]. Musaazi, J.C.S (2011) Planning and Development in Education. New York: Routledge. ____________ (2006) Educational Planning. Kampala: Makerere University Printery.

[8]. Pragmatic Leadership (2014) Pragmatic Leadership. Retreieved from Http://www.pragmaticleadership.ca. Online publication, Cognascent, Inc.

[9]. The Wallace Foundation (2016) School Leadership. New York: The Wallace Foundation. Tilbury, D. (2014) Higher Education for Sustainability, UNESCO Global Monitoring and Evaluation Expert Group for UN DESD, January 2005-December 2014. Retrieved from www.guninetwork.org.

[10].  The Guardian (2014) Global Development-Why is east Africa facing a hunger crisis and what can be done?-podcast, Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jan/16/uganda-unemployed-graduates-held-back-skills-gap.

[11].  Uganda Bureau of Statistics (2014) National and Population Housing Census, Revised Edition Uganda, UBOS. Retrieved from

http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/NPHC%202014%20PROVISIONAL%20RESULTS%20REPORT.pdf.

[12].  UNESCO (2014) Roadmap for implementing the global action program on education for sustainable development. Paris: UNESCO.

[13].  UN System Task Team on Post 2015 UN Development Agenda (2012) Technological learning and innovation capacity: a cutting-issue for inclusive development (Science, technology and innovation for sustainable development in the global partnership for development beyond 2015).

[14].  Yang, R. (2003) Globalization and Higher Education Development: A Critical Analysis. International Review of Education 49 (3-4): 269-291, 2003. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Abstract:

The study seeks to find out the role of wisdom about good instructional leadership in the classroom. The first thing that came to mind when the issue of wisdom came up as the topic was why we should be concerned about a concept that is very complex to understand. However, a broader perspective about wisdom reveals that wisdom entails features such as understanding the consequences of our actions.  Again, wisdom entails having the knowledge and ability to understand and recognize the right decisions to make. While also recognizing that a good leader must have the courage to abide by their actions and accept their failures. These features constitute the hallmark of an effective and efficient teacher as far as instructional leadership is concerned. The topic is significant because wisdom plays a critical role in good leadership. Wisdom makes it possible for the achievement of goals when it comes to the role of leaders in influencing positive change among their followers. Three research questions were set to guide the study. Purposive sampling was used to select 105 members to participate in the research. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and thematic analysis was adopted together with descriptive statistics to organize data gathered from close-ended and open-ended questions for interpretation. The results show that wisdom plays a crucial role in the teaching and learning process and must not be undermined. Again, it beholds on every teacher to apply whatever wisdom they have in the classroom to ensure that every pupil benefits from their lessons.

Keywords: Wisdom, Leadership, Instruction, Classroom, Head teacher, Develop.

References:

[1]. Anfara, V., & Mertz, N. T. (2006). Theoretical Frameworks in Qualitative Research, Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.

[2]. Ampadu, E., & Adofo, S. (July, 2014). The importance of theoretical underpinning for a school mathematics curriculum: The Ghanaian experience. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 3 (3), pp. 107-118. Retrieved May 12, 2015, from

http://www.consortiacademia.org/index.php/ijrse/article/view/715/342

[3]. Bush, T. (2010). The importance of leadership and management for education. Retrieved June 14, 2015, from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/36574_Bush_4e_revised.pdf.

[4]. Bush, T., &Glover, D. (2014). School leadership models: what do we know? School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organisation, 34(5). pp. 553-571. doi: 10.1080/13632434.2014.928680

[5]. Brugman, G.M. (2006). Wisdom and aging. In J.E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (6th ed., pp. 445-476). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Academic Press.

[6]. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

[7]. Creswell, J. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

[8]. Danmole, B.T. (2011). "Emerging Issues on the Universal Basic Education Curriculum in Nigeria: Implications for the Science and Technology Component". Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 8 (1), pp. 62–68. doi: 10.3923/pjssci.2011.62.68.

[9]. Dawidowicz, P. (2010). Literature Reviews Made Easy: A Quick Guide to Success. Charlotte NC: Information Age Publishing.

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[11].  Fletcher, J., Matschek, C., Siebert, A., & Tycer, G. (2003).Gathering Wisdom: How to Acquire Wisdom from Others While Developing Your Own. Retrieved August 13, 2014, from http://www.gatheringwisdom.com/gwchap1.html.

[12].  Graham, P. (2007). Is it worth being wise? Retrieved June 14, 2017 from http://paulgraham.com/wisdom.html.

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Abstract:

Paracetamol, also known as Acetaminophen is widely used as over the counter or prescription pain reliever and fever reducer that is sold over 50+ different countries. Paracetamol is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with potent antipyretic and analgesic functions and with very weak anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol or Acetaminophen uses diverse brand names, that include not only store brand or generic analgesic but also fever reducers, allergy medicines, medicines for cold, cough, sleeping aids. Other names for Paracetamol include but are not limited to Acetaminodephenol, Acetaminophen, Anacin 3, APAP, Datril, Hydroxyacetanilide, Panadol, Tylenol and etc. ⁽¹⁾

At low doses paracetamol is harmless, but it does have direct hepatotoxic potential when taken systematically or as an overdose. It could case acute liver failure as well as injuries to the extrahepatic tissue due to the transient serum aminotransferase elevations. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is one of the most commonly taken and used medications in the United States with more than 25 billion doses sold every year. ⁽¹⁵⁾

Current article will review the main concepts of paracetamol mechanisms of action, will briefly explain characteristics of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the over –the counter analgesic. The metabolic activation of acetaminophen with closer look to starvation, malnutrition, delays in treatment, alcohol, medications and genetics will be outlined as well. Hepatotoxicity along with nephrotoxicity will include pharmacology/pathophysiology, histopathology and associated side effects.

References:

[1]. 13 Sep, 2008; “Paracetamol (Acetaminophen); Mechanisms of action”; Brian J. Anderson PhD, Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02764.x/epdf

[2]. 2011, Marcia L. Buck, Pharm. D., FCCP, FPPAG; Pediapharm; “Intravenous Acetaminophen Use in Infantts and Children “http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/742445_2.

[3]. Apr, 2000; Br J Clin Pharmacol; Laurie F Prescott " Paracetamol, alcohol and the liver” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2014937.

[4]. December 2003 Laura P. James, Phlip R. Mayeux, Jack A. HInson;” Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity” http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/31/12/1499.full.

[5]. Dr. Regina M. Botting, William Harvey Research Institute, St. Bartholomew's and Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1 M6BQ, UK “Mechanism of Action of Acetaminophen: Is There a Cyclooxygenase 3?” http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/Supplement_5/S202.full.

[6]. February 2008; Janet Woodcock, M.D. Acting Director, Center for Drug Evaluation and research;” Recommendations for FDA Interventions to Decrease the Occurrence of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity “

[7]. http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/31/12/1499/T1.expansion.html.

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[17].  June, 2003; LAURA P. JAMES, PHILIP R. MAYEUX and Jack A. Hinson, , Departments of Pediatrics (L.P.J.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.P.J., P.R.M., J.A.H.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences,Little Rock, Arkansas.

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Abstract:

Technology has created a world governed by computers and computer networks. Today's world is a world of a machines. This world of machines evolves and work 24/7 without pausing. This is a man-made world without geographical boundaries. Technology has created a dynamic world out of nowhere. This dynamic world is called the cyberspace, a world without borders. A new world connected by means of computer networks. A virtual space created by networks of computers and the internet. With cybercrime in a world without borders, a criminal no longer needs to be at the actual scene of the crime. This advanced form of crime is perpetuated by means of computer networks and the internet.

Keywords: Cyberspace, borders, cyber-crime.

References:

[1].     Henry O. Quarshie & Alex Martin Odoom, (2012), Fighting Cyber-crime in Africa. Scientific and Academic publishing. Computer Science and Engineering (Vol.2, No.6,).

[2].     Henry O. Quarshie (2013), Fighting Cyber Crime- Issues of Jurisdiction, Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing Information Sciences (vol 4. No. 1).

[3].     Marco Mayer, Luigi Martino, Pablo Mazurier and Gergana Tzvetkova, Draft Pisa, 19.05.2014 www.academia.edu.

[4].     Michael Hauben, New York and Beppu November 1995 netizens@computer.org.

[5].     Morningstar, Chip and F. Randall Farmer. The Lessons of Lucasfilm's Habitat. The New Media Reader. Ed. Wardrip-Fruin and Nick Montfort: The MIT Press, 2003. 664-667.

[6].     Parthasarathi Pati, (2010) Cyber-crime, The Indian Law Institute.

[7].     Strate, Lance (1999). "The varieties of cyberspace: Problems in definition and delimitation". Western Journal of Communication. 63 (3).

[8].     United Nations, International review of criminal policy - United Nations Manual on the prevention and control of computer-related crime.

[9].     Vakul Sharma (2010) Introduction to Cyber World and Cyber Law, the Indian Law Institute.

[10].       Versha Vahini, Regulatory framework, The Indian Law Institute. New Delhi.

[11].       Vishnu Konoorayar, (2003) Regulating Cyberspace: The Emerging Problems and Challenges, Cochin University Law Review. www.carnegiecyberacademy.com.

Abstract:

Technology plays a critical role in transforming societies and economies through enhancing efficiency, connectivity and access to resources and services. Sustainable development goals require harnessing technological innovation through utilization of information and communication technology. However, the challenge remains of how Africa can harness technologies to achieve sustainable development goals. This paper is a review of journal articles on the role of information and communication technology in sustainable development goals in the African context; it discusses challenges and opportunities in the light of youth employment, financial inclusion and health care. It identifies existing appropriate forms of technology that could enhance sustainable development goals and demonstrates the role of information and communication technology in achieving sustainable development goals in Africa. The paper concludes that Africa will need to vigorously utilize appropriate technology to achieve sustainable development goals.

Keywords: Technology, Sustainable Development Goals, Youth Employment, financial inclusion, health Care, ICT in Africa.

References:

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Abstract:

Due to enormous problems associated with manual computation of students’ result and transcript processing in university of Port Harcourt, there is need for efficient method with error free that will enable result to be processed automatically. This system will accept multiple inputs and aid course advisers carry out their responsibilities effectively. A result is an official report and record of student courses with grades. Students result is critical to their graduation.

Currently, there is no reliable way to track incoming results. This creates problems for students and staff. Lost or misplaced result has unwanted consequences and delay graduation.

In this work, a computer software application was developed to facilitate the automated processing of the results. The software was developed in Java programming language in the form of a database, employing PostgreSQL Relational Database Management System. The developed software performed well and produced expected results on completion. With it, it was possible to compute Grade Point Average and Cumulative Grade Point Average for each student based on examination scores entered being the core idea behind the design.

Keywords: Relational, Database, Management, GPA, Software, Hardware, Programming, Java, Computer, Design, Examination, Record, PostgreSQL.

References:

[1].     Afolabi, M. (1991). Education and Training Archives and Records Managers in Africa. Ibadan: Odun Publishing Company.

[2].     https://www.academia.edu/10427266/Student_Examination_Result_Processing_System

[3].     Baje, E. N. (1998). Records Management Program. Ibadan: Adeyomi Printing Press.

[4].     Brian, T. F. (2006). Database Design and Management (3^rd ed.). New York: Practice Hall Publishers pg 30-31.

[5].     Craig, S. M. (2002). Database Administration. Addison: Wesley Professional ISBN: 01741296.

[6].     Codd, E. F. (1970). A Relational Model for Large Shared Data Banks. In Communications Of the Data Banks.

[7].     Date, C. J. (2003). An Introduction to Database System (5^th ed.). Addison: Wesley ISBN 0-201-51381-1.

[8].     Delisle, M. (2009). Mastering phpMyAdmin 3.1 for Effective MySQL Management (4^th ed.). New York: Packet Publishing.

[9].     Enwere, J. C. (1992). Records Management in Nigeria. Nigeria Librar and Information Service Review Lagos: Akin Publishing Ltd.

[10].  French, C. S. (1996). Computer Science. TJ International, UK.

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[17].  Uwaifo, E. O. (199). The Features of RECORDS Management in Nigeria. The Nigerian Archivist. Journal of the Society of Nigeria Archivist. (2 & 3), January and July.

[18].  Adinola, T. K. (2005). Coping With the Challenges of Database. Retrieved from http://databaseentry.org/history. 2008-02-10.

[19].  “History of PHP and Related Projects”. The PHP Group. Retrieved from http://www.php.net/history. 2008-02-25.

[20].  Kenny, S.M. Database Backup and Recovery Basics. Retrieved from http://www.download.oracle.com. 2008-02-12.

Abstract:

Generally, participation, as a concept in development programming, usually refers to the idea of involving target beneficiaries and/or actively seeking their opinions and inputs into decision-making process on issues that directly or indirectly affect them. Involvement of beneficiaries in this manner is one proven means of securing their buy-in into a project or programme intervention. It is a time-tested strategy that guarantees ownership, an indispensable pillar of programme sustainability. Child participation is not any different. Involvement of children and/or seeking and obtaining their opinions and inputs into decisions that affect them is an established strategy in development programming.

Methodology consisted of Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with children randomly selected from four States in Southern Nigeria. A total of four (4) participating States were selected, out of ten, using compulsive non-probabilistic sampling method, purposive sampling. Most suited for exploratory research, this approach enables a researcher to focus on a specific target group for some unique purpose.

In this work, we analyses information obtained from children and adolescents to establish the extent to which they are consulted in decision-making process on issues that concern them. Our data analysis suggest three factors that are significant in determining effectiveness of child participation in decision-making at home, school and community levels. These are age, gender and economic status of parents.

Based on our findings, we strongly recommend the mainstreaming of child participation strategy into development programming by governments and their international development partners.

Keywords: Child participation rights; focused-group discussion; childhood; adolescents; young people; UNCRC.

References:

[1]. Arnstein, S.R. (1969). Eight rungs on the ladder of citizen participation, Journal of the American Institute of Planners 35(4), 216–224.

[2]. Asker, S. and Gero, A. (2012). The Role of Child and Youth Participation in Development Effectiveness: A Literature Review. Sydney: Child Fund Australia.

[3]. Council of Europe. (2011). Child and youth participation in Finland. F- 67075 Strasbourg Cedex, France. Council of Europe.

[4]. DFID. (2010). Youth participation in development: A guide for development agencies and policy makers. DFID–CSO Youth Working Group.

[5]. Hart, R.A. (1997). Children’s participation: from tokenism to citizenship. Florence, Italy: UNICEF International Child Development Centre.

[6]. Ozer, E.J and Piatt, A.A. (2017). Adolescent Participation in Research: Innovation, rationale and next steps. Florence, Italy: UNICEF Office of Research, Innocenti. Innocenti Research Brief, 2017-07.

[7]. Save the Children. (2014a). a toolkit for monitoring and evaluating children’s participation: How to measure the scope, quality and outcomes of children’s participation, Booklet 3. London EC1M 4AR, UK: Save the Children Fund.

[8]. Save the Children. (2014b). a toolkit for monitoring and evaluating children’s participation: How to measure the scope, quality and outcomes of children’s participation, Booklet 5. London EC1M 4AR, UK: Save the Children Fund.

[9]. UNICEF. (2001). The Participation Rights of Adolescents: A strategic approach. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund.

[10].  United Nations. (1989). Convention on the rights of the child. Treaty series, 1577, 3.

Abstract:

This study examined current usage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in a group of private secondary schools in Qatar and explored the barriers to effective integration of technology in Maths and Science lessons. The data was obtained from a total of 40 (18 female and 22 male) high school teachers. Results indicate that most teachers do not use ICTs as part of their pedagogical repertoire, instead, teachers reported using ICTs mostly for administrative work: - tracking attendance, preparing power point presentations, handouts and assessments. The article also reviews personal, institutional and technological factors that hinder teachers’ use of computer technology in teaching and learning processes: - teacher-level, school-level and system-level. These barriers include lack of teacher ICT skills; lack of teacher confidence; lack of pedagogical professional development and a streamlined and effective school policy on ICT; lack of suitable and adequate educational software; limited access to ICT infrastructure and a restrictive curricula, amongst other factors. Teachers also made insightful suggestions on how to ameliorate the current situation. Implications of this study will help the group management and administration in planning, implementation and evaluation of effective integration of ICTs in teaching and learning within the group of schools, efficient use of limited technology infrastructure and resources, and improvement of access to learning for the students.

Keywords: ICT adoption; integration; barriers; teaching and learning.

References:

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   [8].  Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

   [9].  Evoh, C. J. (2007). Policy networks and the transformation of secondary education through ICTs in Africa: the prospects and challenges of the NEPAD e-schools initiative. International Journal of Education and Development Using ICT, 3(1), 64–84.

[10].  Gholami, R., Higon, D. A., Hanafizadeh, P., & Emrouznejad, A. (2010). Is ICT the key to development? Journal of Global Information Management, 18(1), 66–83.

[11].  Hawkins, R. J. (2002). Ten lessons for ICT and education in the developing world. In G. Kirkman, P. Cornelius, J. Sachs, & K. Schwab (Eds.), the global information technology report 2001–2002: readiness for the networked world (pp. 38–43). New York: Oxford University Press.

[12].  Hite, J. M., Hite, S. J., Mugimu, C. B., & Nsubuga, Y. (2010). Strategic “Co-opetition”: Head teacher networking in Uganda’s secondary schools. In A. J. Daly (Ed.), Social network theory and educational change (pp. 197–220). Cambridge: Harvard Education Press.

[13].  James, J. (2001). Low-cost computing and related ways of overcoming the global digital divide. Journal of Information Science, 27, 385.

[14].  James, J. (2011). Are changes in the digital divide consistent with global equality or inequality? The Information Society, 27(2), 121–128.

[15].  Jhurree, V. (2005). Technology integration in education in developing countries: guidelines to policy makers. International Education Journal, 6(4), 467–483.

[16].  Keniston, K. (2002). Grassroots ICT projects in India: some preliminary hypotheses. Information Technology in Developing Countries, 11(3), 60–64.

[17].  Kozma, R., McGhee, R., Quellmalz, E., & Zalles, D. (2004). Closing the digital divide: evaluation of the World Links program. International Journal of Educational Development, 24, 361–381.

[18].  Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2011). Designing qualitative research (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

[19].  Richards, L. (2009). Handling qualitative data: a practical guide (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

[20].  UNESCO. (2010). EFA global monitoring report: reaching the marginalized. Paris: UNESCO.

[21].  Uzunbolyu, H., & Tuncay, N. (2010). Divergence of the digital world of teachers. Educational Technology & Society, 13(1), 186–194.

Abstract:

Adoption of Cryptocurrency has grown significantly over the time and becoming more popular among young generation. People are calling it currency of new digital era. In this research work we are reviewing the dominant Cryptocurrency systems and its underlying disruptive Innovations and Technologies.

References:

[1]. Back, A. (2002, 8 1). Hashcash- A Denial of Service Counter-Measu. Retrieved 4 25, 2017, from hashcash.org: http://www.hashcash.org/papers/hashcash.pdf.

[2]. Becker, J., Breuker, D., Heide, T., Holler, J., Rauer, H. P., & Böhme, R. (2013). Can We Afford Integrity by Proof-of-Work? Scenarios Inspired by the Bitcoin Currency. The Economics of Information Security and Privacy, 135-156. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39498-0_7.

[3]. Dadda, L., Macchetti, M., & Owen, J. (2004). The design of a high speed ASIC unit for the hash function SHA-256 (384, 512). Proceedings Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (pp. 70-75). IEEE.

[4]. Dai, W. (2017, 04 10). B-money. Retrieved from weidai.com: http://www.weidai.com/bmoney.txt

[5]. Eastlake 3rd, D., & Jones, P. (2001). US secure hash algorithm 1 (SHA1). (No. RFC 3174).

[6]. FCIC. (2011). FINAL REPORT OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE CAUSES OF THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION. Retrieved 04 05, 2017, from http://fcic-static.law.stanford.edu/cdn_media/fcic-reports/fcic_final_report_full.pdf.

[7]. FCIC. (2017, 04 22). History of the commission. Retrieved from Cybercemetery. unt.edu's Archive: https://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/fcic/20110310173617/http://www.fcic.gov/about.

[8]. Finney, H. (2005). RPOW: Reusable Proofs of Work. CodeCon.

[9]. iota.readme.io. (2015). IOTA Introduction. Retrieved 05 22, 2017, from iota.readme.io: https://iota.readme.io/v1.2.0/docs.

[10].  King, S., & Nadal, S. (2012). PPCoin: Peer-to-Peer Crypto-Currency with Proof-of-Stake. Peercoin.net Whitepaper, 1-6. Retrieved 06 05, 2017, from https://peercoin.net/assets/paper/peercoin-paper.pdf.

[11].  Michael, C., Pattanayak, P., Verma, S., & Kalyanaraman, V. (2016). Blockchain technology: Beyond bitcoin. Applied Innovation 2, (pp. 6-10).

[12].  Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. bitcoin.org. Retrieved 04 20, 2017, from https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.

[13].  Peck, M. (2012, 05 30). Bitcoin: The Cryptoanarchists’ Answer to Cash. Retrieved from spectrum.ieee.org: https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/bitcoin-the-cryptoanarchists-answer-to-cash/0.

[14].  Percival, C., & Josefsson, S. (2016, 07). The scrypt Password-Based Key Derivation Function. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Retrieved 03 25, 2017, from https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7914.

[15].  Popov, S. (2014). The tangle. IOTA Whitepaper, 1-25. Retrieved 04 05, 2017, from iota.org: http://iota.org/IOTA_Whitepaper.pdf.

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[17].  Ripple.com. (N.D.). Product Overview. Retrieved 05 13, 2017, from Ripple.com: https://ripple.com/files/ripple_product_overview.pdf.

[18].  Ripple.com. (N.D.). Solution Overview. Retrieved 05 04, 2017, from ripple.com: https://ripple.com/files/ripple_solutions_guide.pdf.

[19].  Szabo, N. (2008, 12 07). Bit gold. Retrieved 04 02, 2017, from unenumerated.blogspot.com: https://unenumerated.blogspot.com/2005/12/bit-gold.html.

[20].  Tangleblog.com. (2015). IOTA- what is it, who is it? Retrieved 05 04, 2017, from tangleblog.com: http://www.tangleblog.com/what-is-iota-what-is-the-tangle/.

[21].  Thomas, S., & Schwartz, E. (2015). A Protocol for Interledger Payments. Retrieved 05 03, 2017, from interledger.org: https://interledger.org/interledger.pdf.

[22].  Williams, M. (2010). Uncontrolled Risk. McGraw-Hill Education.

Abstract:

X-organization is looking for a solution to enables the X-client to identify which contractors are being used in Afghanistan and for what purpose (contracts). The contractor should be defined as business / enterprise / organization / or individual that will commission or employ to perform a specific job for a specific period through a contract with the X-Organization. Furthermore, the application should provide details on where the contracts are as well as the value, and to indicate the performance of the contract / contractor per different clients.

Based on strong research, the Application has been developed in Drupal. After some time, the organization decided to add more features in the application to satisfy their clients for example bulk import, grouping specific fields and a map showing geographical information.

Previously X-organization clients were adding each contractor separately which was quite time consuming, but recently they installed a new module called “Feeds Import” to facilitate their client’s data import process. This new module allows clients to import, a list of their contractor/contracts information just by importing from a CSV file.

By implementing the above features the X-organization faced another challenge. Each CSV file had to be imported several times to accomplish the bulk import process and we later explain in more details in the next sections of this paper why the clients had to import the same file several times?

Now, the organization is looking for a solution to eliminate the need for importing one content type multiple times. So, the purpose of this document is to design and develop a module through which the import process is made dynamic, flexible and user friendly.

Keywords: Drupal, import module, Contractor Information Management System, Feeds Import, Field collection, bulk import.

References:

[1] Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, s. Sudarshan, (2006). Database System Concepts 6th.

[2] “Arrays in PHP”, [Online] Available at: http://php.net/manual/en/language.types.array.php, [Accessed 20-Jul-2017].

[3] “Creating custom modules”, [Online] Available at: https://www.drupal.org/docs/7/creating-custom-modules, [Accessed 22-Jul-2017].

[4] “Dynamic Fields”, [Online] Available at: https://www.formget.com/how-to-dynamically-add-and-remove-form-fields-using-javascript/ , [Accessed 20-Feb-2017].

[5] “Drupal Form”, [Online] Available at: https://www.sitepoint.com/understanding-forms-drupal/, [Accessed 20-Jun-2017]

[6] “Feeds”, [Online] Available at:

http://www.drupalcontrib.org/api/drupal/contributions%21feeds%21feeds.api.php/7, [Accessed 15-Apr-2017].

[7] Mark Allen Weiss, (1999) Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++, fourth Edition, Florida International University Indianapolis.

[8] “Object Oriented Programming”, Paul and Harvey Deitel, [2011] C++: How to Program 8th edition

[9] “Object Oriented Programming”, [Online] Available at:

https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~introcs/Fa15/notes/06.1_OOP/Advantages.html?CurrentSlide=3 , [Accessed 19-Feb-2017].

[10] “Programing with PHP”, [Online] available at: https://www.w3schools.com/php/ , [Accessed 1-Feb-2017].

[11] “Software Engineering”, [Online] Available at:

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_engineering/software_engineering_pdf_version.htm, [Accessed 10-May-2017].

[12] “Triggering element”, [Online] Available at: https://www.drupal.org/node/2546700, [Accessed 18-Jun-2017].

[13] “Using HTML 5 and CSS”, [Online] Available at: http://www.w3schools.com/ , [Accessed 10-Feb-2017]

[14] “Unique #name”, [Online] Available at: https://www.drupal.org/node/1342066, [Accessed 15-Jun-2017].

Abstract:

Educational institutional intercultural competence can only be fully achieved once accreditation bodies commit and embrace a systematic, coherent and explicit standardized framework and process of criteria, dispositions, institutional culture, attributes and policies that are aimed at fostering a real intercultural landscape that is beyond the rhetorical jargon often articulated in institutional mission and vision around the globe. Fostering the development of intercultural skills remains at the forefront of promoting understanding, respect and more equitable communities around the globe.
A clear set of institutional intercultural competence will further buttress accreditation processes and provide institutions with the opportunity to engage on a self-reflective process and to implement tangible and verifiable evidence that once analyzed and verified will validate best practices and the effectiveness of approaches. Hence, this study establishes why institutional intercultural competence is an important element in promoting the development of schools that are interculturally competent and explores the current limitations of international standards.

Moreover, this study reviews the three major accreditation bodies’ (AdvancED, International Baccalaureate and Cambridge) standards of school accreditation and points that currently none have standards that directly endorses the principles of interculturalism based on the universal values of fairness that ought to be reflected and articulated in school’s policies; respect which must be evident in the institution’s commitment to promote a climate of acceptance and understanding; and fairness by establishing an institutional culture of inclusion and equality. Finally, this study presents a comprehensive set of institutional insterculturalism standards and criteria that serves a practical and tangible evaluative tool.

Keywords: Accreditation, Intercultural; Competence; 21st-century; International Baccalaureate; Equality.

References:

[1]. AdvancED. (2011). AdvancED Standards For Quality Schools. Retrieved 12 March 2017 from http://www.advanc-ed.org/sites/default/files/documents/SchoolStndsNolevels.pdf.

[2]. AdvancED. (2017). We are AdvancED. Retrieved 10 March 2017 from http://www.advanc-ed.org/about-us.

[3]. Anderson, S.R. (2017). How many languages are there in the world? Retrieved 20 March 2017 from http://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/how-many-languages-are-there-world.

[4]. Association of American Colleges and Universities. (2017). Intercultural Knowledge and Competence Value Rubric. Retrieved 12 March 2017 from

http://www.crlt.umich.edu/sites/default/files/resource_files/InterculturalKnowledgeVALUErubric.pdf.

[5]. Cambridge. (2016). Becoming a Cambridge International School - A guide to the registration process. Retrieved 11 March 2017 fromhttp://www.cie.org.uk/images/163193-becoming-a-cambridge-international-school.pdf.

[6]. Cambridge. (2016). Who We Are. Retrieved 11 March 2017 from http://www.cie.org.uk/about-us/who-we-are/.

[7]. Canadian Broadcast Corporation. (2002). Montreal Protesters Force Cancellation of Netanyahu Speech. Retrieved 12 March 2017 from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal-protesters-force-cancellation-of-netanyahu-speech-1.312529.

[8]. Canadian Broadcast Standards Council National Conventional Television Panel. (2004). Confrontation at Concordia (documentary).Transcript (Appendix A to CIII-TV (Global Television) re Confrontation at Concordia (CBSC Decision 02/03-1340, -1368, -1514 and -1530, April 26, 2004)). Retrieved 15 March 2017 from http://www.cbsc.ca/english/decisions/2004/040511appendixA.pdf.

[9]. Community Tool Box. (2017). Section 7. Building Culturally Competent Organizations – University of Kansas. Retrieved 17 March 2017 from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/culture/cultural-competence/culturally-competent-organizations/main.

[10].  Deardorff , D. K. (2010). Identification and Assessment of Intercultural Competence as a Student Outcome of Internationalization.Journal of Studies in International Education. Retrieved 15 March 2017 from http://www.tru.ca/__shared/assets/Identification-and-Assessment-Intercultural-Competence29342.pdf, 234.

[11].  European Commission. (2012). Intercultural Competence Curriculum Framework. Retrieved 16 March 2017 from http://www.pictllp.eu/download/PICT_Curriculum_Framework.pdf.

[12].  Huber, J. (2012). Intercultural competence for all Preparation for living in a heterogeneous world.Retrieved 15 March 2017 fromhttp://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/pestalozzi/Source/Documentation/Pestalozzi2_EN.pdf.

[13].  International Baccalaureate Organization. (2016). Guide to school authorization: Diploma Programme. Retrieved 12 March 2017 from http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/publications/become-an-ib-school/dp-guide-school-authorization-en.pdf.

[14].  Safie, O. (2014). Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Exploration Assessment Overview.Retrieved 22 March 2017 from http://pitweb.pitzer.edu/institutional-research/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2015/07/IIE-Report-Final-Version.pdf.

[15].  United Nations Education and Scientific Cultura Organization. (2009). Policy Guidelines of Inclusion in Education. Retrieved 20 March 2017 from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0017/001778/177849e.pdf

[16].  University of Jyväskylä. (2017). What is an Interculturally Competent Person Like? Retrieved 18 March 2017 from https://moniviestin.jyu.fi/ohjelmat/hum/viesti/en/ics/54.

Abstract:

Objectives: To evaluate the consequences of individualized education and systematic social contract education through exploring education systems of various training institutes. Materials & Methods: Qualitative design was applied and data were collected through using interview guide/topic guide. Data was collected on emails, telephone, and face to face interviews, till saturation. Data was collected in the months of January and February 2017 with different types of participants. Participants were selected using purposive and networking sampling from various medical/nursing colleges. Finally, 4 patients, 4 students 4 faculty members 6 academic key informants, were selected for interview. Results: After analyzing and data interpretation, the challenges and issues are categorized in four main themes, including 1. Deficient Multidisciplinary /multi-setting teaching methodology, 2. Curriculum paradigm shift, 3. Curriculum misalignment and 4. Need for Professionalism. Each of these main themes comprises several subthemes and accordingly each subtheme encompasses several issues. Each issue is presented in form of verbatim. Recommendations: Curriculum revisions and retreat can help in facing the challenges and fixing up the issues. Research and program evaluation is mandatory for the curriculum paradigm shift.

Keywords: Multidisciplinary teaching, Multi-setting teaching methodology, Curriculum paradigm shift, Curriculum alignment, Curriculum misalignment.

References:

[1]. Earle-Richardson G, Scribani M, Scott E, May J, Jenkins P. A comparison of health, health behavior, and access between farm and nonfarm populations in rural New York state. J Rural Health 2015; 31 (2):157-164.

[2]. Ganle JK, Parker M, Fitzpatrick R, Otupiri E. A qualitative study of health system barriers to accessibility and utilization of maternal and newborn healthcare services in Ghana after userfee abolition. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14: 425.

[3]. Kawamoto R, Uemoto A, Ninomiya D, Hasegawa Y, Ohtsuka N, Kusunoki T, et al. Characteristics of Japanese medical students associated with their intention for rural practice. Rural Remote Health 2015; 15(2):3112.

[4]. Kulig JC, Kilpatrick K, Moffitt P, Zimmer L. Recruitment and retention in rural nursing: it’s still an issue! Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont) 2015; 28(2):40-50.

[5]. McLean G, Guthrie B, Mercer SW, Watt GC. General practice funding underpins the persistence of the inverse care law: cross-sectional study in Scotland. Br J Gen Pract 2015; 65(641):e799-e805.

[6]. Qing Y, Hu G, Chen Q, Peng H, Li K, Wei J, et al. Factors that influence the choice to work in rural township health centers among 4,669 clinical medical students from five medical universities in Guangxi, China. J Educ Eval Health Prof 2015; 12: 40.

[7]. Rahman FR, Maharaj V, Yates R, Beeley C, Moore I, Rose A, et al. Addressing the inverse care law: the role of community paediatric services. Perspect Public Health 2014; 134(2):85-92.

[8]. Unwin J, Peters D. Gatekeepers and the Gateway--a mixed-methods inquiry into practitioners’ referral behaviour to the Gateway Clinic. Acupunct Med 2009; 27(1):21-25.

Abstract:

Majority of developing countries have relayed on aggregate weekly epidemiological data to detect, investigate and respond to outbreak, however as revealed by the West Africa Ebola Outbreak in 2015, these systems were not able to detect the outbreak in time. This has driven countries to building effective case based surveillance systems aimed to link cases to laboratories. Uganda’s journey to a web-based electronic case-based surveillance started in 2013 with the United States Government (USG) Uganda Global Health Security (GHS) demo project.

On 24th March 2016, an alert of a suspected Viral Haemorrhagic Fever (VHF) outbreak was received by the Ministry of Health through the Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (PHEOC) and the case was confirmed on 8 April 2016 for Yellow Fever. A total of 60 suspected YF cases were reported between April and June, with 7 cases testing positive.

Building on the successful GHS Specimen Tracking System, we embarked on rebuilding the DHIS2 tracker expanding the scope and coverage to the now eIDSR. Different disease specific Case notification forms were reviewed and common key notification elements harmonized into a general minimum data case DHIS2 tracker registry for immediate reporting.

The system underwent vigorous testing and fine tuning using the yellow fever outbreak cases. The systems demonstrated that it’s possible to build an effective case notification and lab confirmation system using DHIS2 tracker with automated SMS and email notification. With the success above it recommended to countrywide rollout and adoption.

Keywords: Disease Surveillance, Outbreak, Notifications, Yellow fever, DHIS2, Tracker.

References:

[1]. Jose R, Holman EA, Silver RC. The Importance of the Neighborhood in the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in the United States: Distress, Worry, and Functioning. Health Psychol. 2017 Jul 20. doi: 10.1037/hea0000518.

[2]. MOH Uganda. 2015. Integrated Disease Surveillance Action Plan. Unpublished. Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.

[3]. MOH Uganda. 2016. Press Statement to Declare End of Yellow Fever Outbreak. Unpublished. Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.

[4]. Rolfhamre P, Jansson A, Arneborn M, Ekdahl K, 2006, SmiNet-2: Description of an internet-based surveillance system for communicable diseases in Sweden. Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Europeen sur les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin [01 Jan 2006, 11(5):103-107].

[5]. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/OP_YellowFever_FINAL.pdf: Downolaoded Septemebr, 20th 2017 at 10:00AM

[6]. https://www.dhis2.org/ visited on September 19 at 12:00.

Abstract:

Plants have always been a vital source of medicine since the dawn of time for man. The pharmacological evaluation of substances from plants is an established method for the identification of lead compounds which can leads to the development of novel and safe medicinal agents. Based on literature the Fabaceae or Leguminosae plant family has medicinal properties which have been proved safe for usage on humans. Species such as Cassia fistula, Saraca asoca, Cassia auriculata and Cassia tora have laxative, treating gynecologic disorders, anti-dysentery and treating skin disease respectively are from the Caesalpinioideae; a sub-family of the Fabaceae or Leguminosae plant family. Most of these botanicals contain heterogenous products in them. These products are bioactive in nature i.e. they are secondary metabolites which aids in the protection and survivability of the plant. These secondary metabolites are compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids and polyketides etc. To extract these bioactive compounds from the plant, polar, semi-polar and non-polar solvents are used sequentially for extraction. To help identify if a plant has bioactive properties special bioassays are used which are an inexpensive to carry out on the botanicals. Bioassays offer a special advantage in the standardization and quality control of heterogeneous botanicals products. One such bioassay is the brine shrimp lethality test (BST) a general bioassay. The brine shrimp lethality test (BST) is used to predict the presence, in the plant extracts, cytotoxic activity. This bioassay uses the micro-organisms Artemia salina which is placed in different concentration levels of the plant extracts. The percentage death tells how toxic the plant extract is. The BST is especially sugessted as an inexpensive, simple and rapid means of standardization of bioactivity in heterogeneous botanical products.

Keywords: Artemia salina, brine shrimp lethality test, secondary metabolites, cytotoxic activity, medicinal plants, heterogeneous botanical.

References:

[1].     Antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts Terminalia bromnii roots and stem; http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1851717.

[2].     Alluri V. Krishnaraju, Tayi V. N. Rao, Dodda Sundararaju, Mulabagal Vanisree, Hsin-Sheng Tsay and Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju; Assessment of Bioactivity of Indian Medicinal Plants Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay; International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2005. 3, 2: 125-134.

[3].     Baby brine shrimp; http://www.bettatalk.com/hatching_brine_shrimp.htm.

[4].     Caesalpinioideae; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesalpinioideae.

[5].     Dichloromethane; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloromethane.

[6].     Fabaceae; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabaceae.

[7].     Jerry L. McLaughlin, PhD and Lingling L. Rogers, Ms; The use of biological assays to evaluate botanicals; Drug Information Journal, Vol. 32, pp. 513-524, 1998.

[8].     Methanol; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol.

[9].     Natural product drug discovery; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_product_drug_discovery.

[10].  Q.A. Nguyen et al; A new Phenylpropaniod Ester; August 2^nd, 2002.

[11].  Secondary metabolites; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolite.

[12].  Screening of Argentine Medicinal Plants using the Brine Shrimp Micro well Cytotoxicity Assay; International Journal of Pharmacognosy; 1996; Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 249-254.

[13].  The use of spices and medicinal as Bioactive for Protectants;

http://www.fao.org/docrep/x2230e/x2230e09.htm.

Abstract:

Globally, Financial Inclusion (FI) and Digital Financial Services (DFS) have become a life-blood and key driver of socio-economic growth and development on the backdrop that economies are dependent on financial services to attain advancement. The paper explored the role of Mobile Money Services (MMS), also known as DFS in enhancing access to financial services.

The research was driven by the increasing mobile network spread, the under-served, ubiquity/ penetration of mobile devices amongst both the poor and low-income earners, factors affecting FI, fees which are disincentive to users, introduction of cashless Nigeria by the Central Bank of Nigeria as well as the emergence of Mobile Money Services in 2009. An in-depth analysis of MMS in driving FI and paradigm shift in traditional payment systems was embarked on and focused on issues associated with services provided MMS Operators viz transaction fees, transaction value and count; stakeholders within the ecosystem, user experience and security of funds, policy and regulation on financial services delivery as well as inclusive participation of the government, regulatory bodies and infrastructure providers.

The findings showed that while the MMS have a huge potential to drive DFS in Nigeria, it would require deliberate actions by all stakeholders to establish an appropriate solution capable of transforming the economy and also the contribution of MMS to FI in reducing the financially excluded is critical to the nation. Advancing this therefore, the government and other critical stakeholders would need to create a framework that will enhance access to financial services.

References:

[1].     Daniel Runde (Forbes), August 2015: M-Pesa and the Rise of the Global Mobile Money Market.

[2].     Duncombe, R, 2009. “Assessing the potential for Mobile Payments in Africa”: Approaches and Evidence from Uganda. Development Informatics Working Paper Series Paper No. 41. Centre for Development Informatics, Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester.

[3].     Enhancing Financial Innovation & Access (EFInA), July 2017: Access to Financial Services in Nigeria 2016 Survey.

[4].     Global Mobile Systems Association (GSMA), 2017: The Mobile Economy West Africa.

[5].     Global Mobile Systems Association (GSMA), 2014: State of the Industry; Mobile Financial Services for the Unbanked.

[6].     KPMG November 2016: Fintech in Nigeria, “Understanding the Value Proposition of Fintech in Nigeria”.

[7].     McKinsey & Company, January 2017: “A Future that Works: Automation, Employment, and Productivity”.

[8].     Nigeria Communication Commission: Subscriber Statistics, June 2017:  http://www.ncc.gov.ng/stakeholder/statistics-reports/subscriber-data.

[9].     National Bureau of Statistics “NBS”, 2017. Nigeria Population/ Demography. www.nbs.gov.ng.

[10].  PricewaterhouseCoopers, February 2016: Disruption of Nigeria’s Financial Service sector by FinTechs is underway.

[11].  The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), March 2015: Digital Financial Inclusion.

Abstract:

The activities of small scale miners in Ghana have had negative effects on the environment and this has hampered security within the environment. The study seeks to assess the role of education on small-scale mining for sustainable development in the Banda/Nkwanta community in the Bole District, the Northern part of Ghana. Small scale mining operations have been a major cause of most of the negative environmental impacts in most parts of Ghana. This activity has now found its way to the Northern part of Ghana which is a serious canker for sustainable development. The environmental effects of these activities are higher because most of the activities are not coordinated and monitored by authorities especially in the Northern part of Ghana. The methods of mining applied by operators determine the severity of threat to environmental security. The chemical method of processing gold is a severe health hazard, especially the amalgamation with mercury. Small scale mining activities have a lot of negative impacts on agricultural activities, the major occupation and source of livelihood for the people. It is recommended that Government and its agencies should encourage the illegal small-scale operators to formalize their operations in order to be accessible for supervision. The issuance of licenses and permit for surface mining should be reduced and most of these companies should be encouraged to explore the underground mining method with appropriate techniques and skills that meet international best practices. The Bole District Assembly should enforce environmentally friendly bye-laws, education and comprehensive environmental protection measures.

Keywords: Education, small-scale Mining, Sustainable development.

References:

[1].   Akabzaa, T. and Darimani, A. (2001), Impact of Mining Sector Investment in Ghana: A case study of the Tarkwa Mining Region, A Draft Report, www.saprin.org/ghana/research/gha_mining.pdf.

[2].   Akabzaa TM (2000). Boom and Dislocation: The Environmental and Social Impacts of Mining in the Wassa West District of Ghana (Accra: Third World Network Africa).

[3].   Akabzaa, T.M., Seyire J.S., Afriyie, K. (2007) - The Glittering Façade: Effects of Mining Activities on Obuasi and its Surrounding Communities. (Accra: Third World Network Africa).

[4].   AfDB Annual report (2009) Overview of the Macroeconomic Situation Economic Outlook for Africa and the Role of the Bank.

[5].   Brooke D. Barton (2005) – A Global/Local Approach to Conflict Resolution in the Mining Sector: the case of the Tintaya dialogue table.

[6].   Bernstein, P.L. (2004) - The Price of Gold - http://www.ethicalmetalsmiths.org/ThePRICEofGOLD.pdf

[7].   Camillo Premoli (2011) - African Gold: Potential, Problems and Opportunities. Pdf accessed on 1st august, 2014 at 1:29 am.

[8].   Carter (2012) - Digging for Frameworks, Theories, and Models in Environmental Policy & Management, the Workshop in Policy Process Research and Environmental Affairs Working Group Seminar.

[9].   Daniel F. (2009). Avoiding Mine-Community Conflict: From Dialogue To Shared Futures Donkor, A. K,. Nartey, V. K., Bonzongo, J.C., and D. K. Adotey (2006) - Artisanal Mining of Gold with Mercury in Ghana.

[10].  Garvin, T., Mcgee, T.K., Smoyer-Tomic, K. E. and Aubynn, E.A. (2009) ‘Community – company relations in gold mining in Ghana’, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 90: 571 – 586.

[11].  Gavin H., (2001) - A Contextual Review of the Ghanaian Small-scale Mining Industry.

[12].  Ghana country paper (2010) The 18th Session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) in May 2010.

[13].  Government of Ghana (2010) - A Report on Ghana’s Mining Sector for the 18th Session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development.

[14].  Halina W. (2009) - Resource nationalism and sustainable development: a primer and key issues.

[15].  Heikkila, T., P. deLeon, P. Stretesky, C. Weible, A. Madden, S. Gallaher, S. Huss, G. Fidelman, and D. Hilson, G., (2002) - Promoting sustainable development in Ghanaian small-scale gold mining operations, the Environmentalist, 22, 51-57.

[16].  Kitula, A.G.N. (2005). The environmental and socio-economic impacts of mining on local livelihoods in Tanzania: A case study of Geita District. Journal of Cleaner Production 14 (2006) 405-414.

[17].  Kessey, K. D., Arko B. (2013) Small Scale Gold Mining and Environmental Degradation, in Ghana: Issues of Mining Policy Implementation and Challenges, Journal of Studies in Social Sciences ISSN 2201-4624 Volume 5, Number 1, 2013, 12-30.

[18].  KPMG (2013) - Mining in Africa towards 2020.

[19].  Milton F (1970) - The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits. The New York Times Magazine, September 13.

[20].  Mining sector report (2010) – Ghana’s Country Paper on UNCSD 2010.

[21].  Miranda M et al, (2005) - Framework for Responsible Mining: A Guide to Evolving Standards.

[22].  Monika W, John E. Strongman, Ramani K., Gary M., and Christopher S., - Macroeconomic and Sectoral Approaches of mining.

[23].  Nita G, Melvin H, and Ryan C., (2010), the cost of Gold – communities affected by mining in Tarkwa Region of Ghana.

[24].  Paul C. Stern (2000) - Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior

[25].  Stephen Y (2008) Surface mining and its socio-economic impacts and challenges in Tarkwa, Ghana. The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.

[26].  Utting, P. (2000) - Business Responsibility for Sustainable Development. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. Occasional Paper No. 2.

[27].  Victoria M (2009), - The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility on Sustainable Development: A Case Study of the mining community in the Obuasi municipality. Master Thesis at the University of Agder, Kristiansand.

[28].  Weber-Fahr, M., Craig A., Leo M. and J.E. Strongman (2002). An Asset for Competitiveness: Sound Environmental Management in Mining Countries. Mining and Development Series. Washington, D.C.: World Bank/IFC.

[29].  World Economic Situation and Prospects (2013) - Update as of mid-2013.

[30].  Yelpaala, K. (2004), Mining, Sustainable Development and Health in Ghana: The Akwatia Case Study, Brown University, U.S.A, and March.

[31].  Yelpaala, K., Ali, S. H. (2005) ‘Multiple scales of diamond mining in Akwatia, Ghana: addressing environmental and human development impact’, Resource Policy, Vol.30: 145 –155.

Abstract:

The intent study of this article is to fortify the protection of sensitive data and information from breach any means necessary from attack either an insider or an outsider in the organizations. In every firm, the core achievement of its information security is to entrust the CIA-Trid; Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of all of their resources and the liable personnel to disclose confidential information from breach is the end users of the system, having them in their respective field of assignment accordingly. This year 2017, research and analysis information gathered on the incident which took event on May/June ransomware cyber-attacks “WannaCry and Petya” affected many organizations such as companies and government agencies in different countries around the world demanding a ransomware bitcoin $300 method of payment, failure to comply will be subject to accumulate in double every day repeatedly. The breadth of study is to introduce the End User Security Awareness Campaign in the Organizations as a routine practice to stay awake from numerous information security threats, vulnerabilities and concurrent cyber-attacks circulating in different organizations around the global countries. To achieve the objectives, end users will partake in continuous awareness training and assessment through social engineering practices and procedures on how to stay vigilant to prevent every user from such attacks. The organizational IT function will also partake the involvement of hardware and software firewall applications, regular windows updates and patches, consistent antivirus updates, which will restrain the vulnerabilities to risk and any associate attacks to that effect.

Keywords: End user security awareness from information security threats, vulnerabilities and cyber-attacks.

References:

[1]. Adam L. Young, M. Y. (27 June 2017.). The Birth, Neglect, and Explosion of Ransomware. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 60 No. 7, Pages 24-26.

[2]. Anderson, J. M. (2003). Why we need a new definition of information security: Computers & Security. ISBN.

[3]. B., M. E. (2001). Information security is information risk management. ACM.

[4]. Evans, M. (2 July 2017.). Business News: Hospital Is Forced To Scrap Computers. The Wall Street Journal.

[5]. Henley, J., & Solon, O. (27 June 2017). Petya ransomware attack strikes companies across Europe and US. The Guardian.

[6]. Jannsen, C. (9 October 2014). "Security Architecture". Janalta Interactive Inc.

[7]. Kiountouzis, E., & Kokolakis, S. (n.d.). Information systems security facing the information society of the 21st century. London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd. ISBN 0-412-78120-4.

[8]. Perrin, C. (31 May 2012.). "The CIA Triad". ISDN.

[9]. Pipkin, D. (2000). Information security: Protecting the global enterprise. New York: Hewlett-Packard Company.

[10].  Schofield, J. (28 March 2016). How can I remove a ransomware infection. The Guardian.

[11].  Uchill, J. (28 June 2017). Overnight Cybersecurity: New questions about 'ransomware' attack – Tensions between NSA chief, Trump over Russia – Senate panel asks states to publicize election hacks. The hill.

[12].  Young, A. (2006). Cryptoviral Extortion Using Microsoft's Crypto API. International Journal of Information Security. Springer-Verlag.

[13].  Young, A. M. (1996). Threats and Countermeasures. ISBN.

[14].  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_security.

[15].  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_security.

[16].  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_security.

[17].  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransomware.

[18].  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_ (security).

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of the research was to study the impact of broadband diffusion in assessing innovation in institutions of higher learning in Kenya.

Background: The Government of Kenya realized the importance of broadband provision to stimulate economic development through innovation and established the Kenya Education Network Trust (KENET) - a national research and education network that promotes the use of broadband in teaching, learning and research in institutions of higher learning in Kenya. The aim of KENET was to interconnect all the universities in Kenya by setting up a cost effective and sustainable private network with high speed access to the global internet.

Methodology: This study applied descriptive survey research design and a logistic regression model was used as an inferential analysis tool in the quantitative analysis. Inferential statistics used to analyse the model were; overall model evaluation, goodness-of-fit statistics, and statistical tests of individual predictors and validations of predicted probabilities.

Results: Reliability measures were above the recommended level of 0.70 as an indicator for adequate internal consistency. Inferential statistics used to analyse the model showed that the model performed well and was appropriate for the study.

Conclusion: Broadband diffusion in institutions of higher learning in Kenya is inhibited by poor infrastructural development attributed to high costs of connections and bandwidth acquisition and a high demand for broadband among the students and staff. Policies in broadband regulation from the national government and institutional governance are prudent in controlling and enabling access to this important resource for innovative purpose.

Keywords: Broadband diffusion, Innovation, Education, Internet, Bandwidth, Regression Model.

References:

[1]. Anderson, J.C., Gerbing, D.W., 1988. Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin 103, 423–441.

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[10].            Grosso, M., 2006. Determinants of broadband penetration in OECD nations. Paper presented to the Australian Communications Policy and Research Forum.

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[12].            Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C., 1995. Multivariate Data Analysis   with Readings. Prentice-Hall International, Englewood Cliffs.

[13].            ITU, 2003. Promoting broadband: Background paper for workshop on promoting broadband. Electronic document at http://www.itu.int.

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[16].            Kim, J. H., Bauer, J.M., Wildman, S.S., 2003. Broadband uptake in OECD countries: Policy lessons from comparative statistical analysis. Paper presented at the 31st             Research Conference on Communication, Information and Internet policy. Arlington, Virginia.

[17].            Koutroumpis, P., 2009. The economic impact of broadband on growth: A simultaneous approach. Telecommunications Policy 33, 471-485.

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[19].            Lohmoller, J.B., 1989. Latent Variable Path Modeling with Partial Least Square Analysis. Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg.

[20].            OECD, 2010. OECD broadband statistics. OECD, Paris.

[21].            Peng, C.-Y. J., Lee, K. L., & Ingersoll, G. M. (2002). An introduction to logistic regression analysis and reporting. The Journal of Educational Research, 96(1), 3– 14.doi:10.1080/00220670209598786

[22].            Rouvinen, P., 2006. Diffusion of digital mobile telephony: Are developing countries different? Telecommunications Policy 30, 46-63.

Abstract:

Objective: The aim was to develop an innovation assessment model to analyse the impact of broadband in spurring innovations in Kenya by studying the role of broadband diffusion, the impact of broadband collaborations, the influence of electronic research and the role of online broadband products usability.

Background: Many countries in Africa invest in broadband infrastructure because they have realized that broadband encourages innovation leading to economic development and prosperity. Understanding the relationship between universities, business enterprises and government enabled by broadband is critical in assessing a country's innovative capacity.

Methodology: This study applied descriptive survey research design. It used a logistic regression model as an inferential analysis tool in the quantitative aspects of the research. The target population for this study was institutions of higher learning (IHL) operating in Kenya by 31st December, 2015 which included both private and public accredited universities in Kenya.

Results: The response rate from the sampled population was at 75% Reliability measures were above the recommended level of 0.70 as an indicator for adequate internal consistency. The overall model evaluation, goodness-of-fit statistics, statistical tests of individual predictors and validations of predicted probabilities. Showed that the data fitted the model and the model performed well.

Conclusion: Institutions of higher learning in Kenya have a positive but low capacity in technological innovation implementation. Broadband diffusion is inhibited by poor infrastructural development attributed to high costs of connections and bandwidth acquisition and a high demand for broadband among the students and staff.

Keywords: Broadband, Innovation, Internet, Education, model.

References:

[1].     Anderson, J.C., Gerbing, D.W., (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin 103, 423–441.

[2].     Bertrand, W. E. (2010). Higher education and technology transfer: The effects of “Technosclerosis” on development. Journal of International Affairs, 64(1), 101–120.

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[4].     Dong, L., Neufeld, D., & Higgins, C. (2008).Testing Klein and Sorra’s innovation implementation model: An empirical examination. Journal of Engineering and Technology, 25, 237–255.

[5].     Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. 1998.The endless transition: A "triple helix" of universityindustry-government relations. Minerva 36, 203-208.

[6].     Etzkowitz, H. 2003. Innovation in Innovation: The Triple Helix of University-Industry- Government Relations. Social Science Information 42, 293-338.

[7].     Etzkowitz, H. 2008. The Triple Helix: University-Industry-Government Innovation in Action. Routledge, London.

[8].     Etzkowitz, H. 2012. Triple Helix Clusters: Boundary Permeability at University-Industry Government Interfaces as a Regional Innovation Strategy. Environment & Planning C: Government and Policy. In Press

[9].     Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. 2000. The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. Research Policy 29, 109-123.

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Abstract:

The phenomenon of adolescents’ antisocial behavior in schools has become a globally discussed issue. Even though there are various factors leading to antisocial behavior in adolescents in schools, poverty has been identified as one of the contributing factors. Adolescents from low socio-economic status families are confronted by environmental pressures that lead to aggressive behaviors. This does not only lead to high failure rate, but also hinders the country’s progress in terms of nurturing future human resource pool and the nation’s productivity. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of poverty on adolescent misbehavior in Windhoek High Schools. A quantitative methodological technique was used to conduct the study. The adolescents for this investigation were from the age of 13 to 17 years who were in public secondary (high) schools in Windhoek, Namibia. The sample consisted of 300 participants who were chosen using stratified sampling throughout Windhoek from under privileged settings. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Ethical considerations were cautiously adhered to before and during the research process. Consent forms were given to parents and the purpose of the study was clearly explained to both parents and participants during data collection. The instrument’s reliability was tested by means of a pilot study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The results were in the context of the influence of poverty on adolescents’ behavior. Lastly, suitable recommendations were highlighted to fit the observed trends.

Keywords: Antisocial behavior, economic status, environment, school, Poverty and teenagers.

References:

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[2].     Altschul, I. (2012). Linking Socio –economic Status to the Academic Achievement of Mexican American Youth through Parent Involvement in Education. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research 3 no.1: pp13-30 DOI 10.5243/jsswr.2012.2. University of Denver.

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Abstract:

The Multi-biometrics system is designed as a measure for security purposes to recognize individuals using all available features. It is a thrilling research domain carried out to boost the security level of a country or of an organization. The integration of muti-modal biometrics in real time application resolves the limitations of the uni-modal applications. Although, the design and assessment of the multi-biometrics systems raises much issues, this paper tends to unravel the clumsiness and trade-offs in its applications, the benefits of fusion level, integration strategies and check to spoofing. In conclusion, a thorough reviewing of multi-modal secured biometrics techniques and approaches was carried out to ensure data identification integrity. Some points were suggested for consideration as subjects of interest for future research.

Keywords: Multi-Biometrics; Multimodal application; Unimodal application; Secured Biometrics; fusion levels Spoofing.

References:

[1].     Amirthalingam, "A Multimodal Approach for Face and Ear Biometric System," International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 234-241, 2013.

[2].     Ahuja M. S. and S. Chabbra, "A Survey of Multimodal Biometrics," International Journal of Computer Science and its Applications, vol. 1, no. pp. 157-160, 2011.

[3].     Anwar, M. A. Rahman, and S. Azad, "Multibiometric Systems Based Verification Technique," European J. Scientific Research, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 260-270, 2009.

[4].     Asha S. and C. Chellappan, "Authentication of E-Learners Using Multimodal Biometric Technology," presented at the Biometrics and Security Technologies, 2008. ISBAST 2008. International Symposium on, Islamabad, 2008. pp. 1-6.

[5].     AlMahafzah and M. Z. AlRwashdeh, "A Survey of Multibiometric Systems," International Journal of Computer Applications vol. 43, no. 15, pp. 36-43, 2012.

[6].     Bhatia R., "Biometrics and Face Recognition Techniques," International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 93-99, 2013.

[7].     Bhargava and R. S. Ochawar, "Biometrics in Access Control System," International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 269-273, 2013.

[8].     Deriche, "Trends and Challenges in Mono and Multi biometrics," presented at the Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications, 2008. IPTA 2008. First Workshops on, Sousse, 2008. pp. 1-9.

[9].     Delac and M. Grgic, "A Survey of Biometric Recognition Methods," in Electronics in Marine, 2004. Proceedings Elmar 2004. 46th International Symposium, ELMAR-2004, Zadar, Croatia, 2004, pp. 184-193.

[10].  Elumalai and M. Kannan, "Multimodal Authentication for High End Security," International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 687-692, 2011.

[11].  Feng, K. Dong, D. Hu, and D. Zhang, "When Faces are Combined With Palmprints: A novel Biometric Fusion Strategy," presented at the In proc. of 1st Int. Conf. on Biometric authentication, Hong Kong, China, 2004. pp. 701-707.

[12].  Gad R., M. Mohamed, and N. El-Fishawy, "Iris Recognition Based on Log-Gabor and Discrete Cosine Transform Coding," Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 19-26, 2011.

[13].  Gavrilova L. and M. M. Monwar, "Current Trends in Multimodal Biometric System Rank Level Fusion," in Pattern Recognition, Machine Intelligence and Biometrics, ed: Springer, 2011, pp. 657-673.

[14].  Geethanjali and K. Thamaraiselvi, "Feature Level Fusion of Multimodal Biometrics and Two Tier Security in ATM System," International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 70, no. 14, pp. 17-23, 2013.Karray, J. A. Saleh, M. N. Arab, and M. Alemzadeh, "Multi Modal Biometric Systems: A State of the Art Survey," Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, no. 2007.

[15].  Jain K., A. Ross, and S. Prabhakar, "An Introduction to Biometric Recognition," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 4-20, 2004.

[16].  Kalra S. and A. Lamba, "A Survey on Multimodal Biometric," International journal of computer science and information technologies, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 2148-2151, 2014.

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Abstract:

In the current world, in this 21^st century being healthy is very important and is linked to the food we eat. Having nutritious diet helps to maintain healthy Body Mass Index and also helps to reduce the risk of having diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, arthritis and stroke. In the present situation it is a challenge to nurses working with patients on improving both their nutrition and overall health depending on the diseases. Medical Nutrition Therapy gives us an idea about Causes of the disease and the Diet to be followed for each individual disease (Roth. R. A, 2016). Here are 10 diet concepts for maintaining overall quality of health with respect to that disease. In this article diet concepts for Weight Control, Diabetes, Cardio vascular disease, Renal Disease, Gastro intestinal, Cancer, Blood Pressure, Arthritis, Asthma and Fever have been discussed.

If we change our life style and have healthy eating habits we can avoid being excess weight or obese. Diet for weight control should not focus on weight loss rather follow healthy diet plan. Most of the diseases controlled by Replacing saturated and trans fats with unsaturated fats include omega-3 fatty acids; Increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables and adequate folic acid intake; Consuming high fiber diet such as whole-grain; Limiting consumption of sugar and sugar based products and sodium intake. Even though genetics play important role, a diet plan (vegan diet) which is high in fiber and low in fat with minimum amount of saturated food is recommended for Diabetes disease. By avoiding fatty and fried food and having high fiber diet which is rich in raw fruits and vegetables is recommended for Heart diseases.

Once we realize the connection between good health and wholesome balanced diet, then our food will become our medicine for maintaining good health. The health conditions such as making right food choices and leading healthy lifestyle helps to prevent, treat and cure of the diseases.

References:

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Abstract:

Research into health communication seeks to refine communication strategies to inform people about ways to enhance health or to avoid specific health risks. As per many reports, current scenarios the health risks are generally like Cardiac arrest, Blood pressure, Sugar etc. This paper proposes a Smart Wrist Watch which will measure the Blood pressure, sugar and Pulse rate of the individual and if risk has been found it will inform the group of persons with the location of the mobile.

Keywords:  Health Communication, Mobile health, Smart Watch, Healthy app, Wrist Watch BP monitor, Wrist Watch Glucose monitor & Wrist Watch pulse rate monitor.

References:

[1]     Caroline Free, Gemma Phillips, Louise Watson, Leandro Galli, Lambert Felix, Phil Edwards, Vikram Patel, Andy Haines “The Effectiveness of Mobile-Health Technologies to Improve Health Care Service Delivery Processes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” PLOS Medicine, Volume 10, Issue 1 January, 2013.

[2]     Eliza Strickland “How mobile helth app and wearable could make actually people more sicker,” Spectrum. IEEE, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, February 2017.

[3]     Hoang D. Nguyen & Danny Chiang Choon Poo, “Analysis and design of mobile health interventions towards informed shared decision making: an activity theory-driven perspective” Taylor & Francis ISSN: 1246-0125 (Print) 2116-7052 (Online) Journal.

[4]     Selime Ozaktas1, Feyza Galip2, Ibrahim Furkan Ince3, Md. Haidar Sharif4, “An Automatic Monitoring System For Vehicle Drivers,” (IJSRISE) Turkey Volume 2, Issue 1, April-2016. ISSN 2380-8128.

[5]     Yousuf Gandapur, Sina Kianoush, Heval M. Kelli, Satish Misra, Bruno Urrea Michael J. Blaha, Garth, Francoise A., and Seth S. Martin “The role of mHealth for improving medication Adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review,” Received 17 February 2016; revised 5 April 2016; accepted 6 April 2016.

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to examine the legal aspect of insidious diseases in Botswana mining sector. Sixty respondents from Jwaneng mine will take part in this study involving top management and the rest of the staff members. And they will be served with questionnaires as a primary source of data collection. The approach gives opportunity to collate, process, present and analyse data from courts and authors. In so doing the study will identify the gap and inability of workers in Jwaneng mine to file a claim for compensation when faced with insidious diseases.

Early in the life of a Motswana miner, the legal aspect of insidious diseases wasn’t necessary; because insidious diseases take a long time to manifest and most miners are not aware of their rights to compensation and so it becomes very difficult and complicated to file for a claim. Although Jwaneng mine has a good safety management record, there are instances when accidents still happen and therefore requiring some form of compensation and one way this can be done is by having it clearly stated in a contract of employment agreement. Employees may also be sensitized on their rights so they know the channels to take in seeking redress. This is aimed at ensuring there is harmony between the top management and workers in their respective endeavours.

Keywords: Botswana, Compensation, Debswana Diamond Mine, Jwaneng, legal aspect, Insidious diseases.

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