Abstract:

A gender gap exists in biomedical research because more Caucasian men take part than women. As a result, recommended dosages are based on the male physiology with the risks to women unknown. The symptoms, severity, prevalence and age of onset of many diseases may be different in men. Warning signs, and adverse effects may also be different in women and the number of women who have Adverse Events from taking male based recommended dosages is unknown. The gender gap may contribute to medication errors which cause an increasingly large amount of deaths each year. Although women participants are needed and mandated, they may be underrepresented because of child-bearing age and its fluctuating hormones. The possible long-term effect of study drugs on women's gonads is unknown. Women may have a knowledge gap that needs to be bridged as they may not be aware of biomedical medicine research, are unfamiliar with the terms being used to describe the topic, and when faced with multiple therapeutic options, may worry about making informed decisions. Shareholders and women benefit when the gender gap is decreased, safety and efficacy is increased and the result of research become more generalizable. This study investigated perception barriers to participation in Clinical Trials of the women of Liberty City who were 94% African-American, were contrasted with the women of Coral Gables who were 90% Latin-American. This study has never been done before and investigates the barriers that prevent women who are ambulatory patients, from participating in clinical studies.

Keywords: Gender gap, Women’s health research, Barriers to participation.

References:

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Abstract:

Safety profile always remains the highest concern for everyone undergoing an invasive medical procedure. The severity, duration and extent of side effects matter to both the team and the patient. The assurance that stems from the doctor’s experience and confidence plays a major role in the patient’s acceptance to undergo the procedure. The paper discusses the side effects that were commonly seen with other methods of liposuction and Laser assisted Liposuction is compared along with. The subjects were ‘primed’ before laser Assisted Liposuction and ‘priming’ is defined here. Priming methodology used here is Monopolar and Bipolar Radio frequency and the systems used are BTL Exilis and Med 360, a system combining Vacuum rollers, Bipolar radio frequency and Infra-Red light. The priming is used as an adjuvant to the process of liposuction to facilitate the procedure. The study covers a wide range of subjects in the age group 30-74 years with BMI above 30 and wt between 70-140 Kg. The subjects included those with many other chronic debilitating illnesses like Diabetes, Hypertension, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver degeneration, infertility etc. The study gives a wide profile of the post-operative period to find that LAL under TA is quite safe and is well withstood by people of all ages with many coexistent chronic disorders. The findings concur with existing reports on the safety profile of Laser assisted Liposuction which is discussed here. The study concludes that Laser assisted liposuction is a safe procedure free from many common side effects even in the presence of other illnesses.

Keywords: LAL, Laser assisted Liposuction, Tumescent Anaesthesia.

References:

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[9].     Malcom Paul, Robert Stephen Mulholland. Aesthetic plastic Surgery- 2009 September Volume 33 issue 5 pp 687-694.

[10]. Rohrich R. Levels of triglyceride in aspirate after liposuction, Presented at Lipoplasty Society of North America Annual Meeting-San Francisco, CA: 1997 3. Zocchi M. Ultrasonic Assisted Lipectomy instructional course. American society for Aesthetic Plastic surgery1995; 2:27-65 4.

[11]. Yi Sun, others. Laser lipolysis used to treat localized adiposis; Aes. Plas. Surgery; Sep 2009 volume 33 issue 5 pp 701-705 11. Palm MD, Goldman MP. Laser lipolysis: current practices. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2009; 28:212–219 12. Melvin A. Shiffman; Liposuction Principles and Practice: 321-324.

Abstract:

Epidemiological studies suggest that there may be an association between environmental exposure to waste dumpsites and malaria. The aim of this study was to investigate whether residential proximity to waste dumpsites result in increased rate of morbidity for malaria among the most vulnerable population groups such as children under the age of five. A total of 150 children between the ages of one and five years were sampled in a residential neighbourhood in Ikom, Ikom. Data were obtained from the parents of the subjects with the aid of a specially- designed and well-structured questionnaire, review of hospital records, and assessment of exposure and assessment of larval abundance. Results showed that among the subjects within the total sample of 150 subjects, there were 1670 reported cases of malaria among the subjects within 11months study period. Of this total, 1272 (76.1%) cases were treated in zone A (distance below 500 meters) and 398 (23.8%) in zone B (distance more than 500 meters). The Spearman correlation coefficient calculated between rate of morbidity and distance from dumpsite in zone A was r = 1.12 (p < 0.05) and was adjusted for other factors that may have contributed to the disease. The overall results showed that children living within a distance below 500 meters from the dumpsite (zone A) are 3.5 times more likely to suffer malaria than those living beyond 500meters’ distance (zone B). A trend of lower incidence of malaria was therefore noted among children living in zone B. These results show that municipal waste dumpsites create pathological zones in which disease vectors proliferate and pose significant dangers within the residential neighbourhood.

Keywords: Waste disposals, residential neighbourhoods, malaria, proximity, under-five children.

References:

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Abstract:

Blood hemolysis is one of the major problems encountered in hospitals. The purpose of the study is to determine the causes for sample hemolysis and measure the effect of an intervention to reduce sample hemolysis in the emergency department of a large hospital. Here they have used a phased, prospective, interventional study. In phase 1, factors associated with urea and electrolyte sample lysis were studied. Based on the results an educational program consisting of a 15-minute presentation and discussion was implemented. In phase-2, questionnaires were distributed to the doctors and medical students regarding blood sampling and data analysis done after the samples were processes. In phase 1(n=227), it was found that the percentage of lysis is more with the use of vacutainer (35.8%) than without the use of it (11%). While in phase-2 (n=204) after the implementation of educational programme it was found that there is an increase rate of lysis with the use of syringe rather than vacutainer. They were able to attain a reduction in sample hemolysis from 19.8%to 4.9% through the change in operator behaviour which was brought by the educational interventions. Finally, with the introduction of an educational program they were succeeded in bringing reduction in sample hemolysis.

Keywords: sample hemolysis, venipuncture, Emergency department, Vacutainers, Educational programme, chemistry testing.

References:

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