Abstract:

The study evaluated the efficacy of Integrated Payroll and Personnel Information System (IPPIS) in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 34,250 NNPC staff in Adamawa State. The sample of 343 was considered. A simple random sampling was adopted. The data collected was analyzed by the use of standard deviation and regression analysis to determine the efficacy of Integrated Payroll and Personnel Information System (IPPIS) in NNPC Adamawa State. The findings revealed that the use of IPPIS prevents ghost workers payments; IPPS helps in paying actual personnel cost monthly/annually and facilitates staff remuneration payment with minimal waste and leakages. The study revealed that the quality of NNPC payroll administration has vastly improved and that IPPIS has reduced the red tape that comes with manual payroll administration. It was recommended that IPPS should be widely be used in NNPC in order to improve the quality of payroll administration and reduce the red tape that comes with manual payroll administration.

References:

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[2]. Abdulrasheed, A., 2024, Corruption And Payroll Fraud In Federal Mdas In Nigeria: An Appraisal Of Ippis And Management Information System. NILDS Journal of Democratic Studies, 4(1).

[3]. Ugada, M. O., 2023, Effect Of Integrated Personnel And Payroll Information System (Ippis) On Personnel Cost In The Nigerian Civil Service (2008 - 2020). Bluesland Journal Of Administration (BJA), 1(1) - January - March, 2023.

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[6]. Effiong, S. A., 2019, Definitions Payroll management; 2017. Available: http://www.farorecruitment.com.vn/defmitionspyroll-management-t-Retrieved 1/3/21

[7]. Ifeyinwa, J. N., 2018, Examination of integrated personnel and payroll information system in the Nigerian Civil Service. Enugu: University of Nigeria Campus Information system, Accounting, Organizations and Society. 2018; 24:317-331.

[8]. Paul, C., 2019, Implementation of Digital Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System: Lesson from Kenya, Ghana and Nigeria.

[9]. Folorunson, G. S., 2017, Assessment of the implementation of the integrated personnel and payroll system in the office of accountant general of the federation, Abuja. Being a Dissertation Submitted for the Award of M.sc, Public Administration, University of Abuja, Abuja-Nigeria.

[10]. Matthew, F., 2023, IPPIS Policy and the Challenges of its Implementation in the Nigerian Universities: A Conceptual Discourse. NIU Journal of Social Sciences.

[11]. Aderounmu, G. A., 2017, Jobs Nowhere but Everywhere: Resolving Nigeria’s Crisis through Information Technology, Inaugural Lecture Series 304 delivered at Oduduwa Hall, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria on Tuesday, 4th July.

[12]. Agboola, T. O., 2016, Service compact and service delivery in Nigeria: An Empirical Study, International Journal of Politics and Good Governance, Vol. 7, No. 7, pp. 1-26, 3 Quarter III.

[13]. Enakirerhi, L., 2017, IPPIIS in Nigeria: Challenges, Benefits and Prospects. International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 2(5), pp. 3490-3497.

[14]. Okoye, P., 2017, Effect of Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS) on Federal Government Recurrent Expenditure in Nigeria, in B.C Osisioma, O, Akenbor and SC Okaro(ed). Awka: SCOA Heritage Nig. LTD.

Abstract:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is evolving rapidly; however, the Real Estate Industry is slow to adopt AI Technologies. From the Real Estate point of view, Artificial Intelligence may be defined as utilization of computing methodologies upon a large dataset of real estate related data, providing insight into prices or trends beyond human cognitive capabilities. In this publication, quires, using natural language, on a dataset using an appropriate AI model running on a local computer is discussed. The dataset selected for this analysis is obtained from the public records of the Palm Beach County Property Appraiser’s website. Palm Beach County is in the State of Florida, USA. Here, all real estate transactions are recorded with the Public Property Appraiser. This data is available to the public, thus providing a reliable low, or no cost dataset.

References:

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[17]. Brownlee, J., 2017, Introduction to Time Series Forecasting with Python, [Online]. Available: https://github.com/Jason2Brownlee

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[19]. Weir, D., 2023, “Property Data Collection: Everything You Need to Know.” [Online]. Available: https://www.mckissock.com/blog/real-estate/property-data-collection-everything-you-need-to-know/

[20]. Joshi, J., 2025, “6 Effective Data Collection Tips for Better Real Estate Marketplaces.” [Online]. Available: https://www.habiledata.com/blog/data-collection-tips-for-real-estate-marketplaces/

[21]. Castle, 111, G. H. & Hemmady, S., 2024, “Artificial Intelligence, Applications Throughout the Real Estate Industry.” Consolidated Predictions, Pages 354-355, [Online]. Available: http://www.realestatebook.ai

[22]. Rafferty, G., 2021, Forecasting Time Series Data with Facebook Prophet, [Online]. Available: https://facebook.github.io/prophet/docs/quick_start.html

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[27]. Tahir, 2025, What is Ollama: Running Large Language Models Locally, [online]. Available: https://medium.com/@tahirbalarabe2/what-is-ollama-running-large-language-models-locally-e917ca40defe

Abstract:

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of teacher training programs and institutions in Guyana. It assesses the roles of key stakeholders such as the Ministry of Education, the Cyril Potter College of Education (CPCE), and the University of Guyana (UG) in shaping the landscape of tertiary, secondary, primary and nursery teacher education. The study examines the historical evolution of teacher training in Guyana, the diverse programs currently offered, and recent initiatives aimed at enhancing teacher quality and addressing existing gaps. It further analyses the effectiveness of existing programs in preparing teachers to meet the evolving needs of the Guyanese Education system. Moreover, it identifies key challenges that are affecting the teacher training system, including access and equity, quality and effectiveness, coordination and collaboration, and the attraction and retention of qualified educators. The analysis concludes with a discussion of the implications for the education sector and offers recommendations for future improvements.

References:

[1]. Ali, B., & Khan, A., 2018, Access and Equity in Teacher Education in Guyana. Journal of Education in Developing Countries, 12(1), 45-62.

[2]. Bissoonauth, R., 2016, Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap in Teacher Education: A Case Study of Guyana. Caribbean Journal of Educational Research, 4(2), 101-115.

[3]. Blimpoy, M., P., & David K., 2011, School-Based Management and Educational Outcomes: Lessons from a Randomized Field Experiment, Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

[4]. Cyril Potter College of Education, 2022.

[5]. Darling-Hammond, L., 2007, Teacher Education Around the World: What Can We learn from International Practice? European Journal of Teacher Education, 40 (3), 291-309.

[6]. Fuchs, T., & Woessmann, L., 2007, What Accounts for International Differences in Student Performance? A Re-examination using PISA Data. Empirical Economics, 32 (2-3): 433-464.

[7]. Glewwe, P., Hanushek, W., Humpage, S., D., Ravina, R., 2011, School Resources and Educational Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the literature from 1990 to 201, Working Paper 17554. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research.

[8]. Henry, L., 2021, Addressing Cultural Diversity in Teacher Training Curricula in Guyana. Journal of Caribbean Education, 8(1), 78-93.

[9]. Ingersol, R., & Strong, M., 2011, The Impact of Induction and Mentoring Programmes for Beginning Teachers: A Critical Review of the Research, Review of Education Research, 81 (2), 201-233.

[10]. Jhaman, S., & Roopnarine, J., L., 2015, Incorporating Learner-Centered Approaches in Teacher Education in Guyana. International Journal of Educational Development, 35, 112-119.

[11]. Hanushek, E., A., & Woessmann, L., 2007, The Role of Education Quality in Economic Growth. Policy Research Working Paper 4122, Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

[12]. Hoxby, Caroline M.,1999, The Productivity of Schools and Other Local Public Goods Producers. Journal of Public Economics, 74 (1): 1-30.

[13]. Khan, M., & Williams, C., 2022, The Role of Practicum in Teacher Preparation: Experiences from Guyana. Teacher Education Quarterly, 49(3), 67-84.

[14]. King, E., M., & Özler, B., 1998, What’s decentralization got to do with learning? The case of Nicaragua’s School Autonomy Reform, Development Research Group. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

[15]. Persaud, N., 2020, Curriculum Reform in Teacher Education: Challenges and Opportunities in Guyana. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 28, 1-18.

[16]. Ramdass, S., 2017, Developing the Capacity of Teacher Educators in Guyana. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 19(2), 55-70.

[17]. Singh, P., 2019, The Impact of In-Service Training on Teacher Effectiveness in Guyanese Primary Schools. Educational Studies, 45(5), 567-582.

[18]. Singh, R., & Cummings, J., 2019, Supporting Newly Qualified Teachers in Guyana: Challenges and Strategies. New Educator, 15(1), 34-49.

[19]. Lavy, V., 2018, Do Differences in Schools’ Instruction Time Explain International Achievement gaps? Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 16227. Cambridge, Massachusetts: National Bureau of Economic Research.

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[25]. Sanders, W., L., & Rivers, J., C., 1996, Cumulative and Residual Effects of Teachers on Future Student Academic Achievement, Knoxville: University of Tennessee Value-Added Research and Assessment Center.

[26]. Santibañez, L., 2006, School-Based Management Effects on Educational Outcomes: A Literature Review and Assessment of the Evidence Base, Working Paper. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

[27]. Schmidt, W., H., McKnight C., C., Valverde, G., A., 2008, Many Visions, Many Aims: A Cross-National Investigation of Curricular Intentions in School Mathematics, Vol. 1. Dordrecht: Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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Abstract:

This study examines the multidimensional impact of structured training and development programmes on organisational performance and employee productivity across various sectors. Drawing on Human Capital Theory and Social Learning Theory, this article synthesises findings from 20 empirical studies to establish a robust theoretical and empirical foundation for understanding the role of training. Through a review of diverse training methodologies—including on-the-job and off-the-job approaches—the paper explores the mediating influences of organisational learning, leadership development, and employee well-being. A conceptual framework is introduced to map out the dynamic linkages among training inputs, mediators such as mentoring and simulation, and outcomes, including job performance and public trust. The study also addresses sectoral differences and the implications for cultivating learning organisations and resilient institutional cultures. Results indicate that effective training initiatives positively correlate with increased productivity, staff engagement, innovation, and leadership competence. The discussion highlights actionable insights for managers and policymakers seeking to optimise training investments. The article concludes with strategic recommendations and a call for the integration of longitudinal assessment mechanisms in future research.

References:

[1]. Becker, G. S., 1993, Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (3rd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226041223.001.0001

[2]. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H., 1977, Social learning theory (Vol. 1, pp. 141–154). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Available at: https://www.asecib.ase.ro/mps/Bandura_SocialLearningTheory.pdf

[3]. Noe, R. A., 2017, Employee training and development (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21333

[4]. Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S. I., Kraiger, K., & Smith-Jentsch, K. A., 2012, The science of training and development in organizations: What matters in practice. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(2), pp.74–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100612436661

[5]. Abdelwahed, N. A. A., & Doghan, M. A. A., 2023, Developing employee productivity and performance through work engagement and organisational factors. Societies, 13(65). https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13030065

[6]. Hussain, A., Khan, M., Rakhmonov, D. A., Mamadiyarov, Z. T., Kurbonbekova, M. T., & Mahmudova, M. Q. K., 2023, Nexus of training and development, organisational learning capability, and organisational performance. Sustainability, 15(3246). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043246

[7]. Nuwagaba, I., Lukamba, M. T., Phionah, T., Molokwane, T., & Nduhura, A., 2023, Staff development projects and the performance of employees in African electoral bodies. African Journal of Democracy and Election Research, 3(1), pp.49–70. https://doi.org/10.31920/2752-602X/2023/v3n1a3

[8]. Drake, G., 2021, Assessing the impact of the national police training program on mental and emotional wellness. Policing: An International Journal, 44(6), pp.999–1013. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-07-2020-0120

[9]. Campbell, E. E., 2009, An evaluation of the cumulative impact of multiple priorities and strong organisational culture on shared vision and cross-functional alignment (PhD Dissertation). Cincinnati, OH: Union Institute & University.

[10]. Scott, J. L., Knezek, G., Poirot, J. R., & Lin-Lipsmeyer, L., 2022, Attributes of learning organisations: Measuring personalised online learning and alternative credentials as part of a learning culture. TechTrends, 67(1), pp.54–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-022-00773-2

[11]. Reichborn-Kjennerud, K., 2022, Key insights into what makes public organisations learn from training programs. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 12(2). https://tidsskrift.dk/njwls/index

[12]. O’Neill, T., et al., 2019, Simulated learning for developing confidence in law enforcement training. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(3), pp. 400–416.

[13]. Johnson, M., & Brown, C., 2018, Leadership development through mentoring: A review of theory and research. International Journal of Training and Development, 22(1), pp. 1–16.

[14]. Wilson, C., 2020, Organisational learning in the public sector: Theory and practice. Abingdon: Routledge.

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[16]. Swart, J., Mann, C., Brown, S., & Price, A., 2015, Human capital theory: A holistic critique. Review of Educational Research, 85(1), pp.123–150.

[17]. Rowe, G., 2017, Strategic talent development: Aligning learning and development with business strategy. London: Kogan Page.

[18]. Martin, A. & Kolomitro, K., 2021, Training evaluation: A state-of-the-art review and implications. Human Resource Development Review, 20(2), pp. 99–123.

[19]. Garavan, T. N., Carbery, R., & Rock, A., 2012, Mapping talent development: Definition, scope and architecture. European Journal of Training and Development, 36(1), pp. 5–24.

[20]. Clarke, N., 2010, Developing emotional intelligence through workplace learning: Findings from a case study in healthcare. Human Resource Development International, 13(5), pp. 511–528.

Abstract:

Open Distance and E-Learning (ODeL) programs provide opportunities for higher education for different people who may otherwise never have access to traditional educational institutions. Access to education, breaking down geographical barriers, and a diverse learner's needs. However, despite their potential to democratize education, ODeL programs face persistent challenges related to learner retention. Understanding and addressing these challenges is paramount for both educational institutions and learners. This article explores the critical intersection of entrepreneurial mindset and institutional support in enhancing learner retention within Open, Distance, and E-Learning (ODEL) environments. It proposes a framework that integrates entrepreneurial principles such as adaptability, resilience, and proactive problem-solving into established retention strategies employed by educational institutions. By examining existing literature, the article highlights the multifaceted challenges faced by ODEL learners and emphasizes the importance of fostering both individual learner attributes and institutional practices. Key strategies for implementation include robust support systems, effective course design, technology integration, and financial assistance. The findings suggest that merging entrepreneurial mindset with institutional support will empower learners to take ownership of their educational pursuits which in no small way will create an engaging environment, enhance learner outcomes, and promote institutional sustainability in ODEL.

References:

[1]. Adamu A. U., 2022 Status of Open and Distance Learning in Nigeria, Commonwealth of Learning, DOI:10.56059/11599/4070.

[2]. Alvin, S., 2023. It's below my expectation: A case study of UMN online learning students. International Journal of Education Review, Law and Social, 843-849.

[3]. Ari, S., and Agus, W., 2018 Do Learning Environment and Self-Efficacy Impact on Students Entrepreneurial Attitude? Research Article: 2018, 22(4), Ari Saptono and Agus Wibowo.

[4]. Bağrıacık Yılmaz, and Karataş, 2022 why do open and distance education students drop out? Views from various stakeholders, Int J Educ Technol High Educ, 19(28), https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00333-x

[5]. Cole, N., 2017. 7 powerful emotions that all entrepreneurs feel. Inc.com. https://www.inc.com/nicolas-cole/7-powerful-emotions-all-entrepreneurs-feel.html Accessed 16 Apr 2020.

[6]. Daspit, J. J., Fox, C. J., & Findley, S. K., 2023. Entrepreneurial mindset: An integrated definition, a review of current insights, and directions for future research. Journal of Small Business Management.

[7]. De Cock, R., Denoo, L., & Clarysse, B., 2020. Surviving the emotional rollercoaster called entrepreneurship: The role of emotion regulation. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(2), 105936.

[8]. Dinh, A., Oberrauch, L., & Dewalt, S., 2022. What’s in a mindset? Exploring the entrepreneurial mindset. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 25(4), 1-24.

[9]. Fodor, O. C., & Pintea, S., 2017. The “emotional side” of entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of the relation between positive and negative affect and entrepreneurial performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 310.

[10]. Hertwig, R., Barron, G., Weber, E. U., & Erev, I., 2004. Decisions from experience and the effect of rare events in risky choice. Psychological Science, 15(8), 534-539. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00715.x

[11]. Imed Bouchrika, 2023 Distance Learning: The Ultimate Guide to Online Learning in 2023 https://research.com/education/distance-learning-the-ultimate-guide-to-online-learning

[12]. Daspit J. J., Corey J. F., & Findley, S. K., 2023. Entrepreneurial Mindset: An Integrated Definition, A Review of Current Insights, and Directions for Future Research. Journal of Small Business Management. 61. 12-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1907583

[13]. Kara, M., Erdoğdu, F., Kokoç, M., & Cagiltay, K., 2019. Challenges Faced by Adult Learners in Online Distance Education: A Literature Review. Open Praxis.

[14]. Kara, M., Erdoğdu, F., Kokoç, M., 2020. Unraveling the entrepreneurial mindset. Small Business Economics, 54(4), 811-821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-00710-9

[15]. Knowledge at Wharton. 2019. How feelings and friendship factor into startup success and failure. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/role-of-feelings-in-entrepreneurship/ Accessed 16 Apr 2020.

[16]. Kouakou K. K., Li, C., Akolgo I. G., and Tchamekwen, A. M., 2019 Evolution View of Entrepreneurial Mindset Theory - International Journal of Business and Social Science ,10(6).

[17]. Kuratko, D. F., 2020. Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, practice (11th ed.). Mason: Cengage publishers.

[18]. Kuratko, D. F., Fisher, G., Bloodgood, J., & Hornsby, J. S., 2017. The paradox of new venture legitimation within an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 119–140.

[19]. Lemoine, P. A., Garretson, C. J., Waller, R. E., Mense, E. G., & Richardson, M. D., 2021. Online Learning for the Adult Learners Using Andragogy. Ensuring Adult and Non-Traditional Learners’ Success with Technology, Design.

[20]. Lindberg, E., Bohman, H., Hulten, P., & Wilson, T., 2017. Enhancing students’ entrepreneurial mindset: a Swedish experience, Education + Training, 59(7/8), pp.768-779, https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-09-2016-0140

[21]. Matthew Lynch, 2020. Entrepreneurial Mindset - Defining the concept, how to & Cagiltay, K. 2019. Challenges Faced by Adult Learners in Online Distance Education: A Literature Review. Open Praxis

[22]. Moore, A, Nguyen, A., Rivas, S., Bany-Mohammed, A., Majeika, J., Martinez, L., 2021. A qualitative examination of the impacts of financial stress on college students’ well-being: Insights from a large, private institution. SAGE Open Medicine, 9. Doi:10.1177/20503121211018122

[23]. Muljana, P. S., & Luo, T., 2019. Factors contributing to student retention in online learning and recommended strategies for improvement: A systematic literature review. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 18, 19-57. https://doi.org/10.28945/4182

[24]. Napier, E., 2021. Getting Excited for our Class: Instructor Immediacy, Rapport, and Effects for Students. Doctoral Dissertation, East Tennessee State University.

[25]. Ndege, W. M., Ndiritu, A., & Gatotoh, A. M., 2024. Learner technical support services and retention of students in open distance learning programmes in Kenya. International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Research, 11(04), 9759-9763.

[26]. Nyakiringa, 2023. Utilization of Support Services and its Relationship with Retention Among Open and Distance Learners in Selected Public Universities in Kenya. https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke /server /api/core/bitstreams/4bbfdb7a-d35e-4f14-9548-2d2adb2fd2b4/content

[27]. Olugbara, C. T., Imenda, S. N., Olugbara, O. O., & Khuzwayo, H. B., 2020. Moderating effect of innovation consciousness and quality consciousness on intention-behaviour relationship in e-learning integration. Education and Information Technologies, 25(1), 329–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09960-w

[28]. Sánchez-Elvira, P. A., & Simpson, O., 2018. Developing student support for open and distance learning: The Empower: Project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 9, 1–10. Ng.

[29]. Shah, M., & Cheng, M., 2018. Exploring factors impacting student engagement in open access courses. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2018.1508337

[30]. Slettli, V. K., 2019. Developing an entrepreneurial mindset for transformational entrepreneur-ship: The case of Nordic transformative learning circles. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, and Innovation, 15(4), 77–106. https://doi.org/10.7341/201915

[31]. Thanasi-Boce, M., 2020. Enhancing students’ entrepreneurial capacity through marketing simulation games. Education + Training, 62(9), 999–1013. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2019-0109

[32]. Tryba, A., & Fletcher, D., 2020. How shared pre-start-up moments of transition and cognitions contextualize effectual and causal decisions in entrepreneurial teams. Small Business Economics, (In press). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00148-7.

[33]. Weller, M., & van Ameijde, J., 2018. Student retention: The role of course design in influencing withdrawal rates at the UK Open University. Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 6(2), 23-45.

[34]. Xavier, M., & Meneses, J., 2020. Dropout in Online Higher Education: A scoping review from 2014 to 2018. Barcelona: eLearn Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. https://doi.org/10.7238/uoc.dropout.factors.2020

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[36]. Zupan, B., Cankar, F., & Cankar, S. S., 2018. The development of an entrepreneurial mindset in primary education. European Journal of Education, 53(3), 427–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12293

Abstract:

This study explores the application of Project Management Information Systems (PMIS) for sustainability assessment in Ghanaian construction companies. Construction activities significantly impact the environment, peoples and places and effective PMIS may facilitate their sustainable practices. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PMIS use in sustainable construction project management by adopting a document review approach. A thorough review of 252 construction companies using probability random sampling and convenient sampling in the greater Accra regional area is conducted. With these documents, 211 of them integrated PMIS in their project sustainable management plan, focusing on its role in enhancing transparency, accountability, and decision-making. The resulting data is analyzed with the application of Odd Ratio Test, Relative Risk, Sensitivity analysis, Specificity analysis and chi square test of independence. The results revealed that PMIS tools adoption is not related to project sustainable management success in greater Accra region even though, it significantly improves data accuracy and timelines, enabling a proactive sustainable monitoring and reporting, timely identification and the mitigation of adverse effects. The study concludes that although, the strategic use of PMIS can contribute to sustainable construction practices as suggested by the relative risk value (RR=0.8494), ultimately supporting the achievement of sustainability goals, its use is not related to the successful assessment and management of construction projects in the greater Accra region of Ghana since the chi square test statistic of 7.716 is less than the critical statistic of 18.301at p = 0.05.

References:

[1]. Lawrence, A. A., 2024, The Role Of Project Management In Driving Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs), IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 26(6), pp. 44 -47.

[2]. Szajczyk, M., and Krzepicka, A., 2023, Reshaping ProJect Management Towards Sustainable Development – Methodologies and Standards,” Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach, Nr 134, pp. 55 - 61. 

[3]. Itegi, F. M., 2015, Improving Organization Performance: Project Management Approach Sustainable Development in Face of Globalization, Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management, 4(3), p. 4. 

[4]. Rahman, M. L., 2022, Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals: Integrating Sustainability in Project Management, Development Review, 31(1), pp. 18 - 28. 

[5]. Ohiomah, I., Aigbavboa, C., Thwala, W. D., 2022, An assessment on the drivers and obstacles of sustainable project management in South Africa: A case study of Johannesburg, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, p. 3. 

[6]. Gachie, W., 2019, Project sustainability management: risks, problems and perspective, Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(1) 

p. 31. 

[7]. Sabini, L., and Alderman, N., 2021, The Paradoxical Profession: Project Management and the Contradictory Nature of Sustainable Project Objectives, Project Management Journal, 52(4), pp. 380 - 383. 

[8]. Donkers, A., Yang, D., De-Vries, B., and Baken, N., 2021, Real-Time Building Performance Monitoring using Semantic Digital Twins, Proceedings of the 9th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction Workshop, pp. 55 - 56.

[9]. Oluwatosin, E. A., 2024, Project Management Framework for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management, 4(10), pp. 280 - 290. 

[10]. Rego, M. L., and Faillace, J. E. M., 2024, Sustainability Project Management: a New Classification Model, Revista de Gestão e Projetos,15(1), pp. 173 - 181.

[11]. Silvius, A. J. G., and Schipper, R. P. J., 2014, Sustainability in project management: A literature review and impact analysis, Social Business: An interdisciplinary Journal, 4(1), pp. 64 - 81.

[12]. Orieno, O. H., Ndubuisi, N. L., Eyo-Udo N. L., Ilojianya, V. I., and Biu P. W., 2024, Sustainability in project management: A comprehensive review, World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, pp. 657 - 672.

[13]. Pirozzi, M., Quagliarini, A., Apponi, F., Brusciotti, F., Buzzi, C., Mendicino A., Milani, C., and Raguso, D., 2023, Sustainable Project Management: A multidimensional value-based approach, PM World Journal, XII(VI), pp. 1 - 13. 

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Abstract:

This thesis investigates the relationship between training and performance evaluation for secondary school teachers in Region 6/Guyana. Effective teacher training and robust performance evaluation mechanisms are critical to improving educational quality and student outcomes. This study examines how teacher training programs align with the criteria used in performance evaluations, as well as how that alignment affects teachers’ performance. This study investigates the perceived usefulness and fairness of performance evaluation procedures, the perceived efficacy of current training initiatives, and the correlation between participation in particular training programs and subsequent performance evaluation scores using a mixed-methods approach that includes surveys and interviews with secondary school teachers and administrators. Additionally, the study explores the challenges and possibilities of developing a comprehensive, integrated system of teacher development and assessment within the Guyana context. The findings will offer some insights into the strengths and limitations of current approaches, along with recommendations for strengthening their alignment as a means of supporting teacher growth and, consequently, student learning outcomes in Guyanese secondary schools.

References:

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[8]. Baruch, Y., 2006, ‘Career Development in organisations and beyond: balancing traditional and contemporary viewpoints’, Human Resource Management Review, vol. 16, pp. 125-135.

[9]. Bassey, U. A., Bassey, A. O., Ojua, T. A., & Ottong, J. G., 2011, ‘Impact of Training on Teachers’ Productivity: An Empirical Analysis of Public Schools in Calahar South, Nigeria’, Journal of Education Leadership Development, vol. 3, pp 77-79.

[10]. Cherubini, L., 2009, New teachers' perceptions of induction: Insights into principled practices. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 55(2), 185-198.

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[19]. Lambert, C., 2009, ‘Field Sales Performance Appraisal’, (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York.

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[37]. The Unheard Voices: Challenges Facing Teacher Participation in Ghanaian Basic Schools: A Study of Basic Schools in the Central Region of Ghana, 2017, The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 5(11).

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Abstract:

This study investigates the influence of e-commerce adoption on supply chain management (SCM) within Guyana’s retail sector, offering critical insights for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). E-commerce has emerged as a catalyst for enhancing supply chain efficiency, customer satisfaction, and competitive positioning in local and international markets. SMEs in developing countries like Guyana often struggle with challenges such as limited digital infrastructure, financial limitations, and insufficient technical expertise. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from 248 SME survey responses with qualitative feedback from 11 key stakeholders, including business owners, IT specialists, and supply chain managers. The results indicate a strong positive relationship between e-commerce adoption and SCM improvements, particularly in areas like inventory accuracy, lead time reduction, and supplier collaboration. On average, SMEs that embraced e-commerce experienced an 18% increase in annual revenue and a 20% drop in operational inefficiencies. However, barriers such as limited internet access and affordability of digital tools persist, especially in rural areas. To mitigate these issues, the study recommends strategic actions, including government-backed expansion of internet infrastructure, financial incentives for digital adoption, and training programs to boost digital literacy. Collaboration with tech providers to deliver scalable e-commerce solutions is also emphasized. These strategies can enable SMEs to integrate into global supply chains, fostering national economic development.

References:

[1]. Chopra, S., & Meindl, P., 2019, Supply chain management: Strategy, planning, and operation (7th ed.). Pearson.

[2]. McKinsey & Company, 2020, The impact of e-commerce on supply chain efficiency. McKinsey Insights. https://www.mckinsey.com

[3]. Guyana Bureau of Statistics, 2022, Economic performance and SME development in Guyana. Government of Guyana.

[4]. Gunasekaran, A., & Ngai, E. W. T., 2004, Information systems in supply chain integration and management. European Journal of Operational Research, 159(2), 269-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2003.08.016

[5]. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A., 2019, Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson Education.

[6]. Alford, P., & Page, S. J., 2019, Return on investment in digital marketing: A perspective on SMEs in tourism. Tourism Management, 70, 281–289.

[7]. Hajli, N., 2014, A study of the impact of social media on consumers. International Journal of Market Research, 56(3), 387–404. https://doi.org/10.2501/IJMR-2014-025

[8]. Liu, X., Li, J., & Wei, X., 2021, Consumer-driven data analytics in supply chain management. Data & Decision Analytics Journal, 15(4), 145-160.

[9]. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D., 2018, Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

[10]. Walliman, N., 2011, Research methods: The basics. Routledge.

[11]. Turban, E., Outland, J., King, D., Lee, J. K., Liang, T.-P., & Turban, D. C., 2018, Electronic commerce 2018: A managerial and social networks perspective (9th ed.). Springer.

[12]. Bryman, A., 2016, Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.

[13]. Dawson, C., 2009, Introduction to research methods: A practical guide for anyone undertaking a research project. Constable & Robinson.

[14]. Gong, Y., Janssen, M., & von Eije, H., 2018, Improving SMEs' logistics management through collaboration. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 54(3), 55-70.

[15]. Kim, J., & Park, H., 2022, Innovations in consumer-driven supply chains. Journal of Business Strategy, 43(1), 112-130.

[16]. CARICOM Secretariat, 2023, Regional trade agreements: Opportunities for SMEs. Retrieved from https://caricom.org

[17]. Turban, E., Pollard, C., & Wood, G., 2018, Information technology for management: On-demand strategies for performance, growth, and sustainability (11th ed.). Wiley.

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[19]. Amit, R., & Zott, C., 2001, Value creation in e-business. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6-7), 493-520. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.187

[20]. Kshetri, N., 2018, The adoption of e-commerce and supply chain management technologies in developing economies. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 21(3), 150–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198X.2018.148708

[21]. Minatogawa, K., Saito, T., & Yamamoto, S., 2021, E-commerce and logistics: Opportunities for SMEs. Journal of Logistics and E-commerce, 9(2), 221–233.

[22]. Ivanov, D., Tsipoulanidis, A., & Schönberger, J., 2020, Global supply chain and operations management: A decision-oriented introduction to the creation of value (2nd ed.). Springer

Abstract:

Emerging oil and gas production nations continually sought for opportunities to boost economic development while ignoring the risks that are associated with the industry especially the environmental risks that can have long lasting and detrimental effects on its citizens’ lives and livelihood. Hence, the researcher was propelled to focus its research on A critical analysis of the effectiveness of systems safety and environmental risks management policies and strategies in averting upstream disasters in the oil and gas industry – Lessons for Guyana. The overall objective of this study is to systematically review and analyse the Risk Management Frameworks adopted in the industry, with the aim to understand the effectiveness of systems safety and environmental risks management policies and strategies in averting upstream disasters and provide recommendations to the Government of Guyana. This study utilises the Systematic Review Framework to evaluate the effectiveness of risk management policies and strategies in averting upstream disasters while, taking into consideration the role corporate governance and transformational leadership plays in the adoption of those policies and strategies. Reliable and valid contemporary secondary academic sources published between the years 2010 to 2021 were used to arrive at evidence-based conclusions.

References:

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[3]. Albasu, J., and Nyameh, J., 2017, Relevance of Stakeholder’s Theory, Organizational Identity Theory and Social Exchange Theory to Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee’s Performance in the Commercial Bank in Nigeria. [Online] International Journal of Business, Economics and Management 2017 Volume 4, No. 5, Journal.62.2017.45.95.105 Available at: http://www.conscientiabeam.com/pdf-files/eco/62/IJBEM-2017-4(5)-95-105.pdf

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Abstract:

The study examines the influence of community engagement on decision-making processes within the Rose Hall Town Municipality and the Kilcoy-Hampshire Neighbourhood Democratic Council in Guyana. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive design, data was collected from a stratified random sample across six villages and two wards in the municipality. A structured questionnaire measured residents' perceptions of transparency, accountability, communication, and inclusiveness in local governance. The findings revealed a strong support for participatory governance, with high levels of agreement on the importance of citizen involvement in planning and policy development. Socioeconomic factors and institutional limitations also emerged as barriers to inclusive engagement. The study concluded that while mechanisms for community participation are present, their effectiveness can be enhanced through structured advisory bodies, improved feedback loops, and more inclusive practices. These findings underscore the need for deeper institutional commitment to participatory governance in fostering democratic legitimacy and sustainable development at the local level.

References:

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Abstract:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is evolving rapidly; however, the Real Estate Industry is slow to adopt AI Technologies. From the Real Estate point of view, Artificial Intelligence may be defined as utilization of computing methodologies upon real estate related data, providing insight into patters or trends of real estate sales prices beyond human cognitive capabilities. In this publication, the basics of Real Estate types, their corresponding recording processes, and data cleaning in preparation for AI modelling are discussed. Data from low-cost reliable source will enable results that will build confidence in utilization of emerging AI. The Dataset selected for this analysis is obtained from the public records of the Palm Beach County Property Appraiser’s website. Palm Beach County is in the State of Florida, USA. Here, all real estate transactions are recorded with the Public Property Appraiser. This data is available to the public, thus providing a reliable low, or no cost dataset. A method to gather, clean, and process this data for analysis for an AI model is discuss.

References:

[1]. Jacks, D., 2023, “Get Sales Search.” [Online]. Available: https://pbcpao.gov/AdvSearch/GetSalesSearch

[2]. Murali, K. M., 2025, “Machine Learning with Python.” GitHub, [Online]. Available: https://github.com/muralimopidevi/Machine_Learning_With_Python

[3]. Abid, A. A., 2025, “AI-Powered Features for Developers and Data Pros.” [Online]. Available: https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/warp-terminal-tutorial

[4]. Alastal, A. I., & Shaqfa A. H., 2022, “Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing.” [Online]. Available: https://scirp.org/journal/paperinformation/paperid=116308

[5]. Mobile Application Development, 2024, FullEstop, “Top 10 AI Solutions for Real Estate Industry.” [Online]. Available: https://www.fullestop.com/blog/top-10-ai-solutions-for-real-estate-industry

[6]. Gabriella, T., 2020, “Impacts and Application of AI in Real Estate.” [Online]. Available: https://www.cbre.com/insights/articles/the-rise-of-the-machine-impacts-and-applications-of-ai-in-real-estate

[7]. Thomas, M., “The Future of AI: How Artificial Intelligence will change the world.” [Online]. Available: https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence/artificial-intelligence-future

[8]. Rai, A., 2023, Coherent Market Insights, “Geospatial analysis market analysis.” [Online]. Available: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/geospatial-analytics-market-5874

[9]. Greiner, B., 2023, “11 Ways Artificial Intelligence Will Disrupt Real Estate Too.” [Online]. Available: https://openaire.co/11-ways-artificial-intelligence-will-disrupt-real-estate-too/

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[11]. Thompson, H., 2021, Forbes, “The Rise of Location in Advanced Analytics.” [Online]. Available: https://www.forbes.com/sites/esri/2021/01/22/the-new-analyst-the-rise-of-location-in-advanced-analytics/

[12]. Belyh, A., 2025, “14 Best Project Management Software for Real Estate in 2025.” [Online]. Available: https://www.founderjar.com/real-estate-project-management/

[13]. Bhagyashree, 2025, “How to Source, Prepare, and Optimize Data for AI Models.” [Online]. Available: https://www.promptcloud.com/blog/ai-training-data/

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Abstract:

Construction projects involve complex task-resource interactions, making optimization crucial for timely completion and cost-effectiveness. This study applies eigenvector analysis to optimize task-resource allocation in construction projects, using a 3-bedroom bungalow case study. A matrix was developed representing tasks to be performed against resource utilization and eigenvector centrality measures applied to identify critical resources and tasks. The analysis revealed key resources driving the project timelines, enabling efficient allocation and minimizing delays. By prioritizing tasks and resources based on their centrality scores, project managers can streamline workflows, reduce idle time, and enhance productivity. The results demonstrate significant improvements in resource utilization, project duration, and overall efficiency. This approach provides valuable insights for construction project managers, enabling data-driven decision-making and optimized resource allocation. The study contributes to the growing body of research on applying network analysis techniques to construction project management, offering a practical tool for improving project outcomes. By leveraging eigenvector analysis, construction professionals can better navigate complex project dynamics, mitigate risks, and deliver projects on time and within budget.

References:

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[2]. Aboagye, A. Q., 2019, Principal Components of Variables Hypothesised to Cause Project Delays and Cost Overruns in Ghana. Rwanda Journal of Engineering, Science, Technology and Environment,, 2(1), 11 - 12.

[3]. Ahsun, A., and Elly, B., 2024, Optimizing Resource Allocation for Enhanced Project Efficiency. 1.

[4]. Bagshaw, K. B., 2021, PERT and CPM in Project Management with Practical Examples. American Journal of Operations Research,, 215 - 225. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/ajor.2021.114013

[5]. Boro, S. N., 2024, Linear Algebra: Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors and their Applications. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 6(5), 3 - 5.

[6]. Elmabrouk, O. M., 2011, A Linear Programming Technique for the Optimization of the Activities in Maintenance Projects. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 11(1), 27 - 28.

[7]. Ghadge, R. B., 2022, Study of Algebra of Linear Transformations. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 9(9), 166.

[8]. Mutinda, M. P., Okaka, J., and Mutungi, S. S., 2025, Adopting Feedback Loops to Enhance Performance in Construction Projects. Africa Habitat Review Journal, 20(1), 3127.

[9]. Nafkha, R., and Wilinski, A., 2016, The Critical Path Method in Estimating Project Duration. Information Systems in Management, 5(1), 78 - 87.

[10]. Ndidiamaka, E. P., Elohor, E. F., Ndidiamaka, N. C., Obasi, I. N., and Arinze, O. C., 2024, Project Management Using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, 12(12), 4641 - 4650. Doi: 10.47191/ijmcr/v12i12.03

Abstract:

The aviation sector in Guyana faces significant challenges due to the presence of Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z all working together. The unique values, work ethics and communication methods from each generational cohort create potential misunderstandings that develop into conflicts, which negatively affect performance and employee satisfaction. The retirement of Baby Boomers brings to light the differing priorities of younger employees who seek career advancement and flexible work conditions, unlike the traditional values held by their older colleagues. The research examines how generational differences impact workplace conflict while identifying key tension sources and offering collaboration solutions. Through effective management of generational differences, organisations can enhance teamwork and creativity, which results in both a more inclusive and productive work environment. The research demonstrates how organisations can use reverse mentoring to connect different generations by enabling younger staff members to teach their older counterparts about technology. Organisations that build a collaborative work environment which values generational diversity will see diminished conflicts and enhanced operational performance. The aviation organisations in Guyana need to effectively manage generational challenges to maintain employee morale and ensure sustainability and growth within the industry.

References:

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Abstract:

This study assesses the adoption and utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for decision-making among administrators in Guyana's education system. Through a comprehensive survey, the study investigates the extent of the adoption and utilization of ICT tools among educational administrators in Guyana for decision-making processes. The research seeks to identify the specific ICT tools employed, the frequency of their use, and their perceived impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making. The findings highlight the critical factors influencing ICT adoption and utilization, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating technology into educational administration. Recommendations are offered to enhance ICT infrastructure, training, and policy frameworks to foster a more digitally empowered educational environment in Guyana, ultimately improving the quality and effectiveness of education administration and decision-making.

References:

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Abstract:

Guyana’s aviation sector deals with considerable workplace challenges stemming from generational diversity. Organisations need to manage the different abilities and work styles as Baby Boomers work alongside Generation X members who collaborate with Millennials and Generation Z professionals. The research investigates the impact of generational diversity on productivity in Guyana’s aviation industry and stresses the need to comprehend these dynamics to achieve organisational success. By combining Generational Cohesion Theory with the Diversity Paradigm Model, Social Exchange Theory and Organisational Behaviour Theory, this research builds strategies which enhance both employee collaboration and workplace productivity across different generations. Effective knowledge transfer and staff integration in the aviation sector requires understanding generational dynamics due to its strict safety protocols and technological advancements. According to the research results, generational diversity has a clear impact on workplace productivity. Research findings demonstrate that generational differences substantially impact productivity levels for 85.96% of employees. Research findings indicate that operational inefficiencies stem from inadequate communication systems combined with incompatible technological skills, which highlights the importance of specialised training solutions to address generational differences. Effective teamwork and enhanced productivity in aviation depend on resolving these identified issues.

References:

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Abstract:

This study examines community perceptions of water governance in Lethem, Guyana, with a focus on equity, access, and stakeholder inclusion. Using a survey of 377 residents, the research reveals generally positive views on fairness and collaboration but also highlights concerns about gender equity and the prioritization of vulnerable groups. The findings emphasize the importance of transparent, participatory, and culturally responsive governance systems. They also underscore the need to strengthen institutional mechanisms and visibility of inclusive policies to build public trust and improve water governance outcomes in hinterland communities. Policy implications are discussed for more effective, inclusive water resource management.

References:

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Abstract:

This study employed the systematic review methodology to examine growth patterns challenges, and potential for development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSEMs) operating in rural indigenous communities. From a theoretical perspective Resource-Based View, Institutional theories, were examined to garner a nuanced understanding of the extent to which internal resources, and external institutions influence the performance of MSMEs. The findings reveal that MSMEs are important catalyst of economic growth for indigenous communities because they provide jobs, generate income for future development, and preserve the cultural identities and business practices. Irrespective of their importance, however, MSMEs are limited in their capacities to expand because of institutional barriers such as restrictive regulatory frameworks, limited access to funding, and poor infrastructure. These challenges can only be overcome with interventions that focus on building capacity, removing regulatory hurdles, and the implementation of policies to support their development. Overall, this study highlights the need for culturally sensitive, evidenced based interventions to address the challenges MSMEs grapple with on a daily basis.

References:

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[21]. Shane, S., 2017, Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organization Science, 11 (4), 448–469. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602

[22]. Sharma, R., & Kumar, V., 2021, Infrastructure challenges facing rural MSMEs in India: A qualitative analysis. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 10 (2), 156-172. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-05-2020-0123

[23]. Sulistyo, B., Wijaya, A., & Prasetyo, H., 2021, Policy interventions and their impact on rural MSME growth in Indonesia. Journal of Small Business Management, 59 (4), 567-582. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1234567

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[25]. Venkataraman, S., 2018, The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence, and Growth, 3, 119–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7540(08)03006-1

[26]. Wells, R., & Banaszak-Holl, J., 2000, A critical review of recent US market-level health care strategy literature. Social Science & Medicine, 51 (5), 639-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00009-5

[27]. World Bank, 2021, Guyana Economic Update: Strengthening Resilience for Sustainable Growth. https://www.worldbank.org

Abstract:

Premised on the assertion that financial digitalization is currently the panacea and game-changer in delivering progress in emerging economies through universal financial inclusion, the purpose of this paper is to establish the effect of transaction tax in Ghana. The paper argues that developing economies, especially Ghana should participate and continue to engage with citizens to deal with the challenges of the digital economy. In Ghana, electronic transactions pose a threat to the government as sellers sell goods and services without having a significant physical presence and also do not correspond to the existing threshold under current tax rules. The paper found that transaction tax exemptions on digital financial innovations such as mobile money services can stimulate economic growth through an increased level of financial inclusion labelled as the main enabler for digital services. Ghanaians have mixed perceptions concerning the electronic transaction tax (e-levy). The study gave recommendations based on the findings.

References:

[1]. Abdoul-Akim, W., Sawadogo, F., & Lastunen, J., 2022. Does the adoption of peer-to-government mobile payments improve tax revenue mobilization in developing countries? WIDER Working Paper 2022/18

[2]. Agrawal, N., & Kirti, H., 2014, Impact of e-commerce on taxation. International Journal of Information and Computation Technology, 4(1), 99-106.

[3]. Andal, D. F., 1997, State and local taxation of electronic commerce: Read my e-mail, no new taxes. In Symposium on Multi–Jurisdictional Taxation of Electronic Commerce, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass (pp. 1387-1395).

[4]. Bach, S., Hubbert, M., & Müller, W., 2000, Taxation of e-commerce: persistent problems and recent developments, vierteljahrshefte zur wirtschaftsforschung, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, 69(4), 657-678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.69.4.657

[5]. David, S., 2014, OECD BEPS Project: Part 2, tax challenges of the digital economy. Journal of International Taxation, 35-47 

[6]. Folarin, P. A., 2019, Taxation of electronic commerce in developing countries: a case for shifting of focus to consumption taxes. Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journal of International Law and Jurisprudence, 10(1), 41-50. 

[7]. Jones, R., & Basu, S., 2002, Taxation of electronic commerce: A developing problem. International Review of Law Computers & Technology, 16(1), 35–52.

[8]. Marawanyika, G., & Sguazzin, A., 2019, Zimbabwe’s High Court annuls 2% digital transactions tax. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-18/zimbabwean-court-annuls-2-digital-transactions-tax-herald-says

[9]. Matheson, T., & Petit, P., 2017, Taxing telecommunications in developing countries. IMF Working Paper, WP/17/247. International Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affairs Department. Available at: https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/WP/2017/wp17247.ashx

[10]. Mekgoe, N., & Hassam, M., 2020, Digital services tax in Africa – The journey so far: Implementation of digital taxes across Africa. Deloitte. https://www2.deloitte.com/za/en/pages/tax/articles/digital-services-tax-in-africa-the-journey-so-far.html

[11]. Ndung’u, N., 2017, Digitization in Kenya: Revolutionizing tax design and revenue administration. In Gupta, S., Keen, M., Shah, A., & Geneviève Verdier, G. (Eds.), Digital revolutions in public finance. International Monetary Fund. http://www.elibrary.imf.org/doc/IMF073

[12]. Nguyen H., DeCenzo, M., & Drucke, M., 2012, Tax challenges for electronic-commerce activities. Journal of Applied Business Research; 28, 861-863.

[13]. Argilés-Bosch, J. M., Somoza, A., Ravenda, D., & García-Blandón, J., 2020. Accounting, auditing and taxation. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 41, 1-36.

[14]. Li, J., 2014. Protecting the tax base in the digital economy. Paper No. 9. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 1-49.

[15]. Brandas, C., Megan, O., & Graciunescu, M. 2013. Study on the impact of e-commerce on tax and accounting activities. World Applied Sciences Journal, 24(4), 534-539.

[16]. The Conversation, 2022. Ghana’s electronic transaction tax: not a bad idea but must be properly designed. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/ghanas-electronic-transaction-tax-not-a-bad-idea-but-must-be-properly-designed-176595 The Conversation

[17]. Oxford Business Group, 2023. Governments in Africa look to new levies on digital transactions. Retrieved from https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/nigeria/2024-report/banking/intended-consequences-governments-in-africa-have-started-to-implement-new-levies-on-digital-transactions-to-plug-their-respective-tax-gaps-analysis/Oxford Business Group+2Oxford Business Group+2Oxford Business Group+2

[18]. UN Capital Development Fund, 2022. Ghana announces electronic levy: Possible scenarios on the progress of digital financial inclusion. Retrieved from https://www.uncdf.org/article/7408Oxford Business Group+3uncdf.org+3ETrade For All+3

[19]. International Centre for Tax and Development, 2024. Comparative analysis of the implementation of electronic money transfer levies in Ghana and Nigeria. Retrieved from https://www.ictd.ac/publication/comparative-analysis-of-the-implementation-of-electronic-money-transfer-levies-in-ghana-and-nigeria-policies-legal-frameworks-and-outcomes-2/ICTD

[20]. Mbise, K. S., & Baseka, L., 2022. The impact of the digital tax administration system on compliance among SMEs. The Journal of Informatics, 2(1), 69-82.

[21]. Mukuwa, V., & Phiri, J., 2020. The effects of e-services on revenue collection and tax compliance among SMEs in developing countries: A case study of Zambia. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 98-108.

[22]. Nose, M., 2023. Exploring the adoption of selected digital technologies in tax administration. IMF Notes, 008, 1-15.

[23]. Afrobarometer, 2022. Majority of Ghanaians oppose e-levy, not confident it will fund development programmes. Retrieved from https://www.afrobarometer.org/articles/majority-of-ghanaians-oppose-e-levy-not-confident-it-will-fund-development-programmes-new-afrobarometer-study-shows/Afrobarometer

[24]. Adu, G., & Osei-Assibey, E., 2023. Trust in government and electronic levy payment decisions in Ghana. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 39, 100-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2023.100739

[25]. Osei-Assibey, E., 2023. Introducing electronic transaction levy in Ghana: A possible curse or blessing? Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(1). 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2167361

[26]. Nutassey, V. A., Agyei, S., Frimpong, S., & Nokoe, K. S., 2023. Introducing electronic transaction levy in Ghana: A possible curse or a blessing? Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(1), 216-361.

[27]. Mothobi, O., & Gillwald, A., 2023. The e-levy and merchant payment exemption in Ghana. Working Paper 184, 1-42.

[28]. Djokoto, J., Afrane, A. A., Agyei-Henaku, K. A.-O., Badu-Prah, C., & Srofenyoh, F. Y., 2022. Electronic levy in Ghana – Evidence from a pre-implementation survey. Academia Letters, 4906, 1-13.

[29]. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L., 2017. Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Abstract:

For optimal financial stability, regulatory compliance, and operational resilience, commercial banks must manage risks effectively. This research looks at risk management practices in commercial banking, with a particular emphasis on Guyana, drawing on Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) framework, Contingency Theory, Institutional Theory, and the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory to build a construct on which the findings could be explored. A quantitative study design was employed to examine the effects of formal risk management training on banking personnel' views of risk effectiveness. The results show a significant connection between training and risk management efficacy, stressing the importance of ongoing professional development, specifically, in the discipline of risk management. The findings offer policymakers and banking institutions valuable insights into how to improve risk management techniques.

References:

[1]. Armond, A. C. V., Gordijn, B., Lewis, J., et al., 2021. A scoping review of the literature featuring research ethics and research integrity cases. BMC Medical Ethics, 22, 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-021-00620-8

[2]. Barney, J. B., 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108

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[4]. Bessis, J., 2002. Risk Management in Banking (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester.

[5]. Bouma, J. J., Jeucken, M., & Klinkers, L., 2017. Sustainable Banking: The Greening of Finance. Taylor and Francis.

[6]. Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A., & Rustambekov, E., 2015. Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions. Long Range Planning, 48(4), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2014.07.005

[7]. Bruton, G. D., Ahlstrom, D., & Li, H. L., 2010. Institutional theory and entrepreneurship: Where are we now and where do we need to move in the future? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34, 421-440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00390.x

[8]. Bvuma, S., & Marnewick, C., 2020. Sustainable livelihoods of township small, medium, and micro enterprises towards growth and development. Sustainability, 12(8), 3149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083149

[9]. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D., 2018. Research Design (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

[10]. Donnellan, J., & Rutledge, W. L., 2019. A case for resource-based view and competitive advantage in banking. Managerial and Decision Economics, 40(6), 728–737. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3041

[11]. Florio, C., & Leoni, G., 2017. Enterprise risk management and firm performance: The Italian case. The British Accounting Review, 49(1), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2016.08.003

[12]. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M., 2019. A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.

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[15]. Houben, S., 2018. The strategic underreporting of bank risk. CFA Digest, 48(5). https://doi.org/10.2469/dig.v48.n5.4

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[17]. Kulchmanov, A., Hassan, M. K., & Rashid, M., 2016. Contingency theory approach to risk management practices in Islamic banks: A case study on Kazakhstan. International Journal of Islamic Business, 1(2), 35–67. https://doi.org/10.32890/ijib2016.1.2.3

[18]. Lechner, P., & Gatzert, N., 2016. Determinants and value of enterprise risk management: Empirical evidence from Germany. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2735050

[19]. Liff, R., & Wahlstrom, G., 2018. Usefulness of enterprise risk management in two banks. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 15(1), 124–150. https://doi.org/10.1108/qram-11-2016-0084

[20]. Lundqvist, S. A., 2015. Why firms implement risk governance – stepping beyond traditional risk management to enterprise risk management. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 34(5), 441–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2015.05.002

[21]. Meyer, J. W., 2010. World society, institutional theories, and the actor. Annual Review of Sociology, 36(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102506

[22]. Moniz, R. J., 2010. Practical and Effective Management of Libraries: Integrating Case Studies, General Management Theory and Self-Understanding. Chandos Publishing.

[23]. Ringim, K. J., Razalli, M. R., & Hasnan, N., 2015. The relationship between information technology capability and organizational performance of Nigerian banks. International Journal of Business Research and Development, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.24102/ijbrd.v4i2.578

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[25]. Thao, N. T., Anh, N. V., & An, P. T., 2019. Impact of corporate social responsibility on reputation, trust, loyalty of the customers in the banking sector – evidence in Dalat City. Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management, 3(3), 219–234. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v3i3.562

Abstract:

The Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) has become a leading candidate of cosmetic industry as a revolution treatment in skin rejuvenation, anti-aging therapies, and hair restoration. In light of this, the business potential of PRP in the cosmetic industry is explored in this thesis from a market trend, consumer perception and strategic opportunities perspective. Considering it is minimal invasive procedure based on autologous growth factors it became very popular since it is efficient and natural way of enhancing aesthetics. The research looks at PRP treatments becoming of greater need to fill this increasing demand as a result of people preferring non-surgical cosmetic procedures and regenerative medicine advances. It also studies consumers attitude to PRP such as attitude in PRP factor, accept, trust and willing to pay for such treatment. Moreover, the study highlights important market drivers, market challenges and opportunities to new and existing businesses introducing or targeting PRP market. The research presents strategic recommendations for integrators, by reviewing industry reports, consumer surveys and expert insights while using it as a basis to provide insights for stakeholders such as dermatologists, aesthetic clinics as well as investors. Results indicate that PRP’s market growth is due to increasing disposable incomes, technological developments, and moving toward personalized beauty solutions. However, regulatory considerations and the challenges of establishing standards are barriers to adoption of it. This research provides useful information about the commercial viability of PRP, which helps businesses in better positioning themselves for profitable business in a sustainable manner.

References:

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[2]. Allied Market Research, 2024. Platelet Rich Plasma Market Size, Share, Competitive Landscape and Trend Analysis Report, by Type, by Application, by End user: Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2024-2033. Retrieved from https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/platelet-rich-plasma-market

[3]. Allure, 2024. A New "Natural" Filler... Made From Your Own Blood? Retrieved from https://www.allure.com/story/prf-natural-filler-made-from-blood

[4]. Arthurs, J. R., Martin Lillie, C. M., Master, Z., and Shapiro, S. A., 2022. The direct to consumer stem cell market and the role of primary care providers in correcting misinformation. Journal of primary care & community health, 13, p.21501319221121460. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319221121460

[5]. Braun, V., and Clarke, V., 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), pp.77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

[6]. Draelos, Z. D., 2024. Cosmeceuticals: Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series. Elsevier Health Sciences.

[7]. Eun-Jung, S. H. I. N., and KWON, K. H., 2023. Management and Development Potential of the Wig Industry in the Beauty Tech Era. The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 14(7), pp.27-38. https://doi.org/10.13106/jidb.2023.vol14.no7.27

[8]. Fortune Business Insights, 2023. Platelet Rich Plasma Market Size, Share & COVID-19 Impact Analysis, By Product (Pure Platelet Rich Plasma (Pure PRP), Leukocyte-rich Platelet Rich Plasma (L-PRP), Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF), and Others), By Application (Orthopedics, Neurology, Cosmetics, Wound Care, and Others), By End User (Hospitals & ASCs, Specialty Clinics, and Others), and Regional Forecast, 2023-2030. Retrieved from https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/platelet-rich-plasma-market-100581

[9]. Future Market Insights, 2024. Platelet Rich Plasma Market Outlook from 2024 to 2034. Retrieved from https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/platelet-rich-plasma-market

[10]. GQ, 2024. How to Inject Your Way to a Thicker Head of Hair. Retrieved from https://www.gq.com/story/platelet-rich-plasma

[11]. Grand View Research, 2022. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Type (Pure, Leukocyte Rich), By Application (Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Cosmetic Surgery), By End-use, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2023 - 2030. Retrieved from https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/platelet-rich-plasma-prp-market

[12]. Hasiba-Pappas, S. K., Tuca, A. C., Luze, H., Nischwitz, S. P., Zrim, R., Geissler, J. C., Lumenta, D. B., Kamolz, L. P., and Winter, R., 2022. Platelet-rich plasma in plastic surgery: a systematic review. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy, 49(3), pp.129-142. https://doi.org/10.1159/000524353

[13]. Hirose, M., and Creswell, J. W., 2023. Applying core quality criteria of mixed methods research to an empirical study. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 17(1), pp.12-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/15586898221086346

[14]. InsightAce Analytic, 2024. PRP and PRF in the Cosmetics Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Type (Pure-PRP, Leukocyte-rich PRP, Pure-PRF), By Origin (Autologous, Allogeneic, Homologous, Others), By Cosmetic Application, By Region, And by Segment Forecasts, 2024-2031. Retrieved from https://www.insightaceanalytic.com/report/global-prp-and-prf-in-the-cosmetics-market-/1386

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[29]. Rahman, E., Rao, P., Abu-Farsakh, H. N., Thonse, C., Ali, I., Upton, A. E., Baratikkae, S. Y., Carruthers, J. D., Mosahebi, A., Heidari, N. and Webb, W. R., 2024. Systematic Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Medical and Surgical specialties: quality, evaluation, evidence, and enforcement. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(15), p. 4571.

Abstract:

The study set out to examine the effect of service quality aspects on customer satisfaction in Burundi telecommunication industry with reference to Econet wireless Burundi. The study was based on various specific objectives namely to: determine the relationship between Assurance and Customer satisfaction; evaluate the relationship between Responsiveness and Customer satisfaction; assess the relationship between Reliability and Customer satisfaction; examine the relationship between Empathy and Customer satisfaction; ascertain the relationship between Network Quality and Customer satisfaction; and investigate the effect of assurance, responsiveness, reliability, empathy, and network quality on customer satisfaction. Methodologically, the study used descriptive and correlational research design and opted for quantitative approach. The study population of 5,142 subscribers that gave the sample size of 130 determined using Roscoe’s Rule of Thumb was used. Simple random sampling technique was used to select customers to be participated in the study. Both primary source and secondary source of data were used. The study employed survey method and self-administered questionnaire as data collection tool. The collected data was processed and analysed using SPSS version 25.0 whereby descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to evaluate the relationship between study variables, the nature, the degree, and the direction of that relationship. The regression analysis was employed also to compute the effect of Service quality aspects on customer satisfaction and draw conclusion and recommendations.

References:

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[16]. Schneider, B., Mayer, D. M., Ehrhart, M. G., Saltz, J. L., & Niles-Jolly, K., 2005. Understanding organization-customer links in service settings. Academy of Management Journal, 48(6), 1017-1032. Service Industry Management,12(1), 60-69.

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[20]. Tao, F., 2014. Customer Relationship management based on Increasing Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(5): pp. 256-263.

Abstract:

Effective water governance ensures resourceful management of water resources, including, equitable access to clean water, especially in hinterland communities where there are limited stakeholder engagements, and significant constraints on institutional resources. Grounded in institutional, stakeholder, social capital, and sustainable development theories, a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methodology was employed to analyze the perceptions of stakeholders in the town of Lethem, located in Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Region 9), Guyana about the state of water governance in the community. More specifically, the goal of the study was to garner stakeholders’ perception of governance effectiveness including institutional capacity, transparency, accountability, community engagement, and water resource sustainability. The findings show that institutional capacity and transparency significantly impact governance perceptions, while community engagement and sustainability also have positive contributions. These outcomes highlight the relevance and need for capacity-building initiatives, improved policy enforcement, and inclusive governance mechanisms to enhance water management outcomes in Lethem and similar communities. The insights provided offer valuable recommendations for policymakers and practitioners seeking to strengthen water governance frameworks in developing regions.

References:

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Abstract:

This research examines the experiences, in terms of growth patterns and challenges Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in rural indigenous communities of Guyana, from the perspectives of owners of these businesses. Employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the key factors that contribute to the growth of MSMEs were analyzed. These factors include market barriers, infrastructure, access to funding, entrepreneurial acumen, government policies and other related initiatives. A Likert Scale data collection instrument was employed to gather pertinent data related to the experiences and performance of MSMEs. The findings show that while market limitations, poor infrastructure, and restricted access to funding severely impair MSMEs ability to operate successfully, they also can benefit from government assistance, and business training. These findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions, increased access to finance, and infrastructure development to improve the resilience and growth of MSMEs in indigenous communities. This study adds to the larger conversation about economic empowerment, rural development, and indigenous entrepreneurship within Sustainable Development Theory, Agency Theory, and Innovation Systems Theory.

References:

[1]. Abrahim, S., Mir, B. A., Suhara, H., Mohamed, F. A., & Sato, M., 2019. Structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis of social media use and education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16 (32), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0157-y

[2]. Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Levine, R., 2005. SMEs, growth, and poverty: Cross-country evidence. Journal of Economic Growth, 10 (3), 199–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-005-3533-5

[3]. Bruton, G. D., Ahlstrom, D., & Li, H. L., 2010. Institutional theory and entrepreneurship: Where are we now and where do we need to move in the future? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34, 421–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00390.x

[4]. Bruton, G. D., Ahlstrom, D., & Li, H. L., 2017. Institutional theory and entrepreneurship: Where are we now and where do we need to move in the future? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37 (3), 421–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00390.x

[5]. Bvuma, S., & Marnewick, C., 2020. Sustainable livelihoods of township small, medium and micro enterprises towards growth and development. Sustainability, 12 (8), 3149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083149

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[7]. Chicha, M., & Phiri, J., 2024. Factors influencing the adoption of e-marketing in the tourism industry by SMEs in developing countries based on UTAUT model. Open Journal of Business and Management, 12, 521–539. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2024.121032

[8]. Chilembo, T., 2021. A study of the factors affecting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) access to finance: A case of Lusaka based SMEs. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 11, 437–460. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.115028

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Abstract:

This study examines the impact of organizational culture, particularly innovation and adaptability, on employee productivity in primary healthcare facilities (PHCs) in Northern Nigeria. Using quantitative research design, data were collected from 400 healthcare workers across 30 primary healthcare facilities and analyzed using regression techniques. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression results reveal that innovation (β = 0.4892, p < 0.001) and adaptability (β = 0.2948, p < 0.001) both significantly enhance employee productivity, explaining 81.2% of the variance (R² = 0.812). The findings align with Dynamic Capabilities Theory, emphasizing that organizations fostering creativity and flexibility achieve superior workforce efficiency. Empirical evidence supports prior studies demonstrating that innovative-driven workplaces encourage knowledge-sharing and engagement, while adaptability ensures effective response to technological and policy changes. The study highlights the need for structured HRM policies, leadership strategies, and continuous professional development programs to cultivate an environment conducive to innovation and adaptability. Healthcare policymakers should prioritize incentivizing creative problem-solving, implementing structured change management programs, and enhancing digital transformation efforts to optimize employee efficiency. By fostering a culture that values innovation and embraces change, healthcare organizations can improve service delivery, workforce resilience, and overall performance. Future research should explore sector-specific variations in these relationships for broader generalizability.

References:

[1]. Cherian, J., Gaikar, V., Paul, R., & Pech, R., 2021. Corporate culture and its impact on employees’ attitude, performance, productivity, and behavior: An investigative analysis from selected organizations of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 45.

[2]. Sugiarti, E., Finatariani, E., & Rahman, Y. T., 2021. Earning cultural values as a strategic step to improve employee performance. Scientific Journal of Reflection: Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 4(1), 221-230.

[3]. Khan, M., Raya, R. P., & Viswanathan, R., 2022. Enhancing employee innovativeness and job performance through a culture of workplace innovation. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(8), 3179-3204. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-07-2021-0453

[4]. Rubel, M. R. B., Kee, D. M. H., & Rimi, N. N., 2023. Promoting technology innovation performance through high involvement HRM, technology adaptation, and innovativeness. Business Process Management Journal, 29(5), 1277-1302. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-05-2022-0277

[5]. Sony, M., & Mekoth, N., 2022. Employee adaptability skills for Industry 4.0 success: A road map. Production & Manufacturing Research, 10(1), 24-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2022.2023321

[6]. Wardhani, N., Noermijati, N., & Sunaryo, S., 2022. Knowledge-worker productivity in defense industry: The role of knowledge management through employees’ adaptability and job satisfaction. Media Ekonomi dan Management, 37(1), 140-160.

[7]. Savitri, E., Dp, E., & Syahza, A., 2021. Can innovation mediate the effect of adaptability, entrepreneurial orientation on business performance. Management Science Letters, 11(8), 2301-2312.

[8]. Chughtai, M. S., Syed, F., Naseer, S., & Chinchilla, N., 2024. Role of adaptive leadership in learning organizations to boost organizational innovations with change self-efficacy. Current Psychology, 43(33), 27262-27281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03261-x

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Abstract:

Open and Distance Learning (ODL) provided flexible, inclusive learning opportunities but challenges hinder learner satisfaction and retention. BUCODeL framework should help with motivation, accessibility, and intervention. This study appraises the framework's effectiveness using a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative survey data and qualitative feedback from 82 learners. 49% of learners in the finding express satisfaction with the support system, 30% remain neutral, and dissatisfaction is higher among older learners (40+) and male respondents. The frequency of interaction with support services is a factor, highlighting the critical role of regular engagement in reducing transactional distance and fostering a sense of community. Female learners reported higher satisfaction levels, suggesting existing services align more closely with their needs compared to male learners, who require tailored interventions. The research draws on the Transactional Distance Theory and the Community of Inquiry Framework. Enhanced communication channels, proactive engagement, and personalized support are identified as strategies to reduce psychological distance and foster social presence. The findings suggest that targeted interventions, such as improved technical and emotional support for older learners and tailored communication for male learners, are essential to address demographic-specific challenges. My recommendation is personalized feedback, peer mentoring programs, and increased outreach to promote regular engagement based on the gaps that remain in addressing the diverse needs of learners. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts of these interventions and refine support mechanisms to ensure sustained learner success. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of ODL and provides practical insights for enhancing learner support frameworks.

References:

[1]. Akindele, A. T., Akande, N. O., Fajobi M. O., Olagoke H. B., Ajagbe O. A., and Badmus T. A., 2021. Assessing Learners’ Perceptions and Experiences in Distance Education — A Case Study of LAUTECH Open and Distance Learning Centre (LODLC). International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 11(10), pp. 479-485.

[2]. Chakuchichi, D., 2011. Student retention as a function of the quality of learner support in open and distance learning: Students’ perceptions at the Zimbabwe Open University. Zimbabwe International Journal of Open & Distance Learning, 1(1).

[3]. Dubey, P., & Sahu, K. K., 2021. Students' perceived benefits, adoption intention, and satisfaction to technology-enhanced learning: Examining the relationships. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching and Learning, 14(3), 310-328.

[4]. Garg, M., 2018. Student satisfaction as determinant of academic success of distance learners: A study across distance learning courses. The Online Journal of Distance Education and e-Learning, 6(3), 30-43.

[5]. Goh, C., Leong, C., Kasmin, K., Hii, P., & Tan, O., 2017. Measuring teachers and learners' learning outcomes and satisfaction in e-learning. Journal of E-Learning and Knowledge Society, 13, 117-128.

[6]. Imed B., 2023 Distance Learning: The Ultimate Guide to Online Learning in 2023 https://research.com/education/distance-learning-the-ultimate-guide-to-online-learning

[7]. Kurucay, M., & Inan, F., 2017. Examining the effects of learner-learner interactions on satisfaction and learning in an online undergraduate course. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 115, 20-37.

[8]. Lemoine, P. A., Garretson, C. J., Waller, R. E., Mense, E. G., & Richardson, M. D., 2021. Online Learning for the Adult Learners Using Andragogy. Ensuring Adult and Non-Traditional Learners’ Success with Technology,

[9]. Lumadi, R. I., 2021. Enhancing student development through support services in an open distance learning institution: A case study in South Africa. Higher Education, 35(1). https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-high-v35-n1-a9

[10]. Luo, N., Zhang, M., & Qi, D., 2017. Effects of different interactions on students' sense of community in e-learning environment. Computers and Education, 115, 153-160.

[11]. Nyathi, M., & Sibanda, E., 2023. E-learning: Substitutability of learner–learner, and learner–facilitator interactions to enhance learner satisfaction in higher education. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 16(2), 210-225. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-04-2022-0018

[12]. Patphol, M., Saengloetuthai, J., & Intalapaporn, C., 2021. Learning Management Model to Promote Growth Mindset of Student Teachers. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 396-408. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.95021

[13]. Quadir, B., Yang, J., & Chen, N., 2022. The effects of interaction types on learning outcomes in a blog-based interactive learning environment. Interactive Learning Environments, 30(2), 293-306.

[14]. Radebe, T., Tebeta, R., & Maladzhi, R. W., 2023. The impact of technology adoption in teaching and learning within ODeL. Education and Information Technologies.

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[19]. Xavier, M., & Meneses, J., 2020. Dropout in Online Higher Education: A scoping review from 2014 to 2018. Barcelona: eLearn Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. https://doi.org/10.7238/uoc.dropout.factors.2020

Abstract:

This study critically analyzes the existing credit monitoring systems and the adequacy of provisions and reserves in banks within Guyana, offering recommendations for efficient implementation. Effective credit risk management is vital in contemporary economies due to the significant volume of problematic debt held by financial institutions globally. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) emphasizes the need for banks to monitor individual credits and determine the adequacy of provisions and reserves. This mixed-methods study uses substantial literature evaluation and primary data from interviews, questionnaires, and field observations. It examines how the Bank of Guyana, which regulates six commercial banks, applies its principles. The paper compares debt monitoring methods to Bank of Guyana risk structure directives and international norms. It also compares Guyana's financial industry growth and risk appetite. Key findings indicate a significant reduction in non-performing loans (NPLs) from 13.98% in 2016 to 3.57% in 2023, coinciding with substantial growth in performing loans, attributed to the oil and gas industry's impact on Guyana's economy. While banks in Guyana utilize models such as CAMPARI, 4M Risk Analysis, Score Card, and SWOT Analysis for lending assessments, challenges persist in regulatory enforcement, technological limitations, and maintaining adequate provisions. The study proposes best practices including advanced credit scoring models, strengthened regulatory frameworks, automation, capacity building, and enhanced watch-listing of debts. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a diverse approach to improve the efficiency and stability of Guyana's banking sector, addressing regulatory gaps, integrating financial technology, ensuring adequate provisions, and enhancing capacity-building initiatives.

References:

[1]. Agwu, E., 2018, Implications on Bank Performance and Lending Growth. Credit Risk Management.

[2]. Al-Tamimi, H., 2002, Risk management practices: Finance India, 16(3) & 1045-1057.

[3]. Bo, H. P. Q., 2005, Research on Credit Risk.

[4]. Brahmaiah, B., 2021, Credit Risk Management Practices of Indian Banking. Hyderabad, India: ICFAI Business School, (IBS) IFHE.

[5]. Fan, L., 2004, Efficiency versus Risk in large Domestic US Banks. Managerial Finance, 30(9), 1-19.

[6]. FIA, L., o.-A., 1995, March 20. Retrieved from Bank of Guyana: https://bankofguyana.org.gy/bog/images/Legislation/BOG%20Act/Financial%20Institutions%20Act%201995.pdf

[7]. Ganga, G., 2023, Bank of Guyana Report. Governance. Georgetown: Bank of Guyana.

[8]. Gazette, Governement of Guyana. Georgetown, 2010. https://officialgazette.gov.gy/

[9]. Guyana, Bank of. 2016-2023, BOG Annual Report. Georgetown: Dr. Gobin Ganga as Central Bank Governor.

[10]. Guyana, C. O., 2016, Laws of Guyana. Gerorgetown: State of Guyana.

[11]. Hon. Oneidge Walrond. 2024, December 19. Security Interest in Movable Property Bill 2024. Guyana, Georgetown, Demerara.

[12]. Jagdeo, H. B., 2022, July 29, Ghana to assist Guyana spur their oil and gas industry. Petroleum Commission of Ghana, Demerara.

[13]. Michel Crouhy, Dan Galai, Robert Mark. 2006, The Essentials of Risk Management. The Essentials of Risk Management.

[14]. Morgan. 2021, Classroom Lecture. Materials-Cash Flow. Jamaica.

[15]. Qaisar Ali Malik, S. F., 2015, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issue. International Journal of Economics and Financial IssuesISSN: 2146-4138available at http: www.econjournals.comInternational Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2015, 5(2), 574-579.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues | Vol 5 • Iss, 575.

[16]. Salas, V., and Saurina, J., 2002, Credit risk in two institutional regimes: The Journal of Financial, Services Research, 2(3), 203-224.

[17]. Sanjeev, G., 2007, Bankers’ perceptions on causes of bad loans in Banks. Journal of Management Research, 7(1), 40-46.

[18]. Singh, Dr., Ashni Kumar. 2025, February 17, Steps taken overtime by Government to lay the foundation through various financial sector legislation to allow for a stable, sound and strong financial system. Georgetown, Guyana, Guyana.

[19]. Yun-Quan, H. B.-P., 2005, Research on credit risk of state owned commercial banks. Proceedings of the Fiuyrth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybermetrics, pl-6.

[20]. International Monetary Fund, 2023.

[21]. Trump, D., 2025, President of the United States of America.

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Abstract:

This study explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in strengthening disciplinary procedures within Guyana’s public service. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, the study analyzes secondary data from various countries to identify challenges faced in disciplinary case management, public servants’ perceptions of AI’s role, and AI’s potential in improving transparency, efficiency, and fairness. Findings highlight inconsistencies, procedural delays, and bias in traditional disciplinary processes, emphasizing the need for AI-driven solutions to enhance decision-making and accountability. The study recommends strategic AI integration through policy reforms, training programs, and ethical oversight to ensure a more effective and impartial disciplinary framework in Guyana’s public sector.

References:

[1]. Government of Guyana. 1980. The Constitution of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana. Georgetown.

[2]. Professor Harold, A., Lutchman, et al. 2016 The Commission of Inquiry into the Public Service of Guyana.

[3]. Alon-Barkat, S., & Busuioc, M., 2023. Human–AI interactions in public sector decision-making: "Automation bias" and "selective adherence" to algorithmic advice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 33(1), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muac007

[4]. Inter-American Development Bank. 2020. Artificial intelligence in the public sector: Opportunities and challenges for Latin America and the Caribbean.

[5]. Hood, C., & Heald, D., 2019. Transparency: The key to better governance? Oxford University Press.

[6]. Public Service Commission Rules, 1988.

[7]. Chapman, R. A., & Lindquist, E., 2022. Public sector governance and accountability. Oxford University Press.

[8]. Sathe, S. P., 2001, Judicial activism: The Indian experience. Washington University Journal of Law & Policy, 6(1), 29 107,  https://journals.library.wustl.edu/lawpolicy/article/id/1069/

[9]. Organization of American States. 1969, American Convention on Human Rights. Retrieved from https://oas.org/en/iachr/mandate/Basics/conventionrat.asp

[10]. Binns, R., 2021. Human oversight in automated decision-making: The role of public administration. Public Administration Review, 81(4), 569-582. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13300

[11]. Osborne, S. P., & Hansen, M. B., 2020. Public service innovation and AI governance: Ethics, efficiency, and oversight. Public Management Review, 22(6), 890-908. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1686565

[12]. Sullivan, C., 2021. Ensuring data privacy and security in AI-driven government systems. Information Policy Journal, 47(1), 23-41. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-200123

[13]. Perry, J. L., & Hondeghem, A., 2019. Handbook of public administration. Edward Elgar Publishing.

[14]. Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S., 2020. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice (15th ed.). Kogan Page.

[15]. Osborne, S. P., & Hansen, J., 2020. Public sector innovation: AI in governance and decision-making. Policy & Administration, 59(2), 200-215.

[16]. Chapman, C., & Lindquist, E., 2022. AI and public administration: The challenges of automation in government decision-making. Public Administration Review, 82(1), 45-62.

[17]. Inter-American Development Bank. 2020. Enhancing public sector accountability through digital governance. Inter-American Development Bank. https://www.iadb.org

[18]. Smith, J., & Brown, T., 2020. Legal representation and access to justice in public sector disciplinary hearings. Cambridge University Press.

[19]. Rosenbloom, D. H., & Kravchuk, R. S., 2021. Public administration: Understanding management, politics, and law in the public sector (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

[20]. Smith, J., Johnson, R., & Taylor, L., 2020. AI-driven transparency in public sector disciplinary procedures: A case study approach. Journal of Public Administration, 45(6), 1127-1139.

[21]. Miller, C., 2020. Artificial intelligence and public sector transformation: The road to transparency and efficiency. Government Technology Journal, 34(3), 34-50.

[22]. Sullivan, S., 2021. Efficiency in public administration: The role of AI in modernizing disciplinary procedures. Public Policy and Technology Review, 25(4), 84-96.

[23]. Williams, H., 2019. Ensuring fairness in public sector AI: The role of algorithms in improving decision-making. Public Administration and Ethics, 27(1), 45-59.

[24]. Miller, J., 2020. Artificial intelligence in public administration: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Government Information, 46(3), 187-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101567

[25]. Gartner. 2021. AI adoption in government: Strategies for success. Gartner Research. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/en/research

[26]. Binns, R., 2021. The impact of AI on public sector decision-making: Addressing biases and ensuring fairness. Public Administration Review, 82(4), 1005-1017.

[27]. Williams, L., 2019. AI and workforce transformation: Training civil servants for the digital age. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 32(5), 678-694. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-2019-0345

[28]. Osborne, S. P., 2021. Public service logic: Creating value for public service users, citizens, and society through public service delivery. Routledge.

[29]. Misuraca, G., & van Noordt, C., 2020. AI governance in the public sector: Three tales from the frontiers of automated decision-making in democratic settings. Telecommunications Policy, 44(6), 101976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101976

[30]. Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Geyer, C., 2019. Artificial intelligence and the public sector—Applications and challenges. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(7), 596–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1498103

[31]. Young, M. M., Bullock, J. B., & Lecy, J. D., 2019. Artificial discretion as a tool of governance: A framework for understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on public administration. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 2(4), 301–313. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvz014

[32]. Sousa, W. G., Melo, E. R. P., Bermejo, P. H. S., Farias, R. A. S., & Gomes, A. O., 2019. Artificial intelligence in public sector: A study on the determinants of adoption in Brazilian government. Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1145/3325112.3325266

Abstract:

Globally there is a demand for accountability and transparency in governments thus, the expectancy of Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) is no longer geared towards financial and compliance audits only but performance audits (measuring governments performance). While the expectancy is there, SAIs are faced with independence, political interferences, and funding challenges. Moreover, the functionality of SAIs in emerging oil and gas production nations have also changed drastically taking into consideration the vast revenue this sector brings, the shock of plenty, increased legislators’ responsibilities and power, the tendency of governments being secretive, and the non-disclosure and non-availability of information. Thus, SAIs independence, leadership, professionalism, and stakeholders’ engagement have become pivotal in enhancing accountability and transparency of governments. Hence, the researcher is propelled to focus its study on Evaluating the Role of Supreme Audit Institutions in Fostering Accountability and Transparency in Emerging Oil and Gas Economies: Strategies for Improved Efficiency, Effectiveness and Relevance. Currently, there is no research on the transparency and accountability of governments being enhanced through the efficient, effective, and relevant functionality of SAIs in emerging oil and gas production nations. The researcher applied a systematic review of the literature to identify the key challenges and barriers hindering the efficiency and effectiveness of SAIs in fostering accountability and transparency within the oil and gas sector; and determine the role of SAIs’ leadership (Head of SAIs); professionalism, independence; and stakeholders’ engagement in the process with the aim of enhancing governments’ accountability and transparency.

References:

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Abstract:

This dissertation is aimed at exploring the effectiveness of e-procurement systems towards reducing corruption in oil and gas procurement procedures in Guyana, which is a big problem considering the prevalence of corruption in the old practice. Through a qualitative interview focused on questioning individuals who largely work in the industry as well as quantitatively analyzing the results of procurement before and after the installation of e-procurement systems, the study reveals that indeed e-procurement, in broad terms, has a substantial reduction effect on the level of corrupt practices taking place, hence making the process of procurement more transparent and accountable. The results indicate that the irregularities and disputes have declined significantly. Trust by stakeholders in the procurement processes is enhanced as well. Such findings indeed speak volumes of the need to implement digital solutions in areas where corruption is typical and, using an e-procurement solution as an example, ensure that a large market is made to be more equal, as well as act as a pattern of embracing integrity in procurement in other sectors. The healthcare sphere is also associated with the implications of this study. The said corrupt practices can compromise service delivery as well as resource allocation there. This study therefore shows that e-procurement is good in terms of lower corruption, and therefore it calls upon the idea of e-procuring these kinds of mechanisms in the procurement aspect of healthcare to achieve transparency as well as effectiveness in improving efficiency, thereby improving service delivery in the long term, contributing to the process of defining good governance as well as clean practices in many aspects of procurement.

References:

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[7]. Weerasinghe, G., KanaheraArachchi, B., Jayaweera, M., Aryaratne, I., Samarasinghe, U., Karunaratna, N., 2022. Effectiveness of implementing e-government procurement in Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. pp. 548–555. IEOM Society.

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Abstract:

This study takes a close look at how Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices affect the operational performance of private hospitals in Nigeria’s Niger Delta—tackling the important need to integrate sustainable and eco-friendly practices into healthcare to boost efficiency and reduce costs. The objective of the study focuses on evaluating the current GSCM practices these hospitals are employing and how they relate with operational performance indicators such as service quality/patient satisfaction and cost efficiency. The study employs a mixed-methods approach (Qualitative and Quantitative) to collect data from about 198 respondents (hospital administrators, supply chain managers, and procurement officers) in 45 private hospitals within the Niger Delta Region. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample size appropriate for the study, and a multiple linear regression was employed to examine the relationship between GSCM implementation and operational outcomes.  The findings suggest that private hospitals which adopt GSCM practices tend to show significant improvement in their operational performance especially through enhanced service delivery and cost efficiency. These findings have the potential to inform healthcare administrators and policymakers that the benefits of environmental sustainability are not just about being eco-friendly but also about improving operational metrics. The study contributes to the wider field of healthcare management by emphasizing that strategic integration of GSCM can improve resource use and patient care—even nudging institutions in Nigeria and similar areas to rethink how they operate.

References:

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Abstract:

Lackadaisical attitude and high employee turnover, and broken morals are becoming normal phenomena among employees at the Demerara Harbour Bridge Corporation, Ministry of Public Works, Guyana. This study aims to examine factors that affect the behaviour, attitude and performance of the employees at the Demerara Bridge Corporation and to determine the relationship between the employees and work-related factors on job satisfaction of the remaining employees. A total of 100 questionnaires were completed in this survey. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that there are factors, namely the employee’s maturity level and coworkers and supervisor support significantly contribute to job satisfaction among the employees, highlighting that the relationship shared plays a very important role in their satisfaction within the workplace. The implication of this study is of great importance for the organisation in developing its retention package and recommendations to increase job satisfaction among the recruits of the organisation.

References:

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Abstract:

This research examines the effectiveness of employee motivation on job performance within the Parliament Office of Guyana. The sample is 111 staff across 11 departments, of all levels – upper, middle and lower-level management as well as lower than lower-level management. Emanating from senior management meetings was the issue of dwindling employee performance which may be owing to the need for motivation. As such, this study endeavours to identify the factors of motivation which may be needed and whether those factors influence the job performance of employees. A purposive sampling method was employed, with questionnaires distributed to all 123 employees, the entire employee population. The pre-tested questionnaire includes 15 closed-ended questions capturing demographics, factors of motivation and effects. The analysis off the data collected was analysed with SPSS version. The results of the findings showed that monetary factors such as allowances, stipends, bonuses, and annual increments dominated in influencing job performance while an insignificant number of employees are self-motivated or influenced by intrinsic factors. Non-monetary factors such as working conditions, opportunities for personal growth, job interest, and social prestige, have influenced performance in a smaller magnitude. The study also showed that the factors of motivation influenced dedication, productivity, initiative, efficiency, and work quality. A significant number of respondents testified to being more engaged and effective when motivated. Nevertheless, punctuality was not influenced. In conclusion, both monetary and non-monetary factors of motivation influence employee performance at the Parliament Office of Guyana.

References:

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[10]. Alrawahi, S., Sellgren, S., Altouby, S., Alwahaibi, N., & Brommels, M., 2020, The application of Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation to job satisfaction in clinical laboratories in Omani hospitals. Heliyon, 6(9), 1-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04829.

[11]. Sarfo, F., Adu, M., Koompong, S., Attoh, A., & Baidoo, P., 2021, The Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Public Universities in Ghana. American Journal of Operations Management and Information Systems, 6(3), 58-66, https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajomis.20210603.14

[12]. Engidaw, A., 2021, The effect of motivation on employee engagement in public sectors: in the case of North Wollo zone. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(43), 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-021-00185-1

[13]. Ullah, A., Bavorova, M., & Verner, V., 2025, Determinants of job satisfaction and motivation among community forest workers: insights from the Hindu Kush Himalaya, Pakistan. The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2025.2456546

[14]. Elamalki, D., Kaddar, A., & Beniich, N., 2024, Impact of motivation on the job performance of public sector employees: the case of Morocco. Future Business Journal, 10(53), 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00342-4

[15]. Mohamud, S., Ibrahim, A., & Hussein, J., 2017, The effect of motivation on employee performance: Case study in Hormuud company in Mogadishu Somalia. International Journal of Development Research, 9(11), 17009-17016, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jamaal-Hussein/publication/321974170_THE_EFFECT_OF_MOTIVATION_ON_EMPLOYEE_PERFORMANCE_CASE_STUDY_IN_HORMUUD_COMPANY_IN_MOGADISHU_SOMALIA/links/5a3bc900a6fdcce934e3192d/THE-EFFECT-OF-MOTIVATION-ON-EMPLOYEE-PERFORMANCE-CASE-STUDY-IN-HORMUUD-COMPANY-IN-MOGADISHU-SOMALIA.pdf

[16]. Olusadum, N., & Anulika, N., 2018, Impact of motivation on employee performance: A study of Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Eduaction. Journal of Management and Strategy, 9(1), 53-65, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Japhet-Nnaeto/publication/323111666_Impact_of_Motivation_on_Employee_Performance_A_Study_of_Alvan_Ikoku_Federal_College_of_Eduaction/links/5ea1b1bca6fdcc88fc38e803/Impact-of-Motivation-on-Employee-Performance-A-Study-of-Alvan-Ikoku-Federal-College-of-Eduaction.pdf

[17]. Sitorus, M., Humairah S., & Sembiring, R., 2024, Literature Review: The Role Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation In Improving Employee Performance. Jurnal Syntax Fusion, 4(11), 305-318, DOI:10.54543/fusion.v4i11.433.

[18]. Akhtar, N., Aziz, S., Hussain, Z., Ali, S., & Salman, M., 2014, Factors Affecting Employees Motivation in Banking Sector of Pakistan. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 4(10), 125-133, https://archive.aessweb.com/index.php/5006/article/view/4132/6392

[19]. Naile, L., & Selesho, J., 2014, The Role of Leadership in Employee Motivation. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 175-182, DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n3p175.

[20]. Rauben, M., 2023, Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation and Employees’ Job Satisfaction in the Local Government: A Case of Kamwenge District, Uganda. Metropolitan Journal of Social and Educational Research, 2(9), 695-701, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376893338_Influence_of_Intrinsic_and_Extrinsic_Motivation_and_Employees'_Job_Satisfaction_in_the_Local_Government_A_Case_of_Kamwenge_District_Uganda

[21]. Makwana, D., Engineer, P., Dabhi, A., & Chudasama, H., 2023, Sampling methods in research: A review. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 7(3), 762-768, www.ijtsrd.com

[22]. Sukmawati, Sudarmin, & Salmia, 2023, Development of quality instruments and data collection techniques. Jurnal Pendidikan & Pengajaran Guru Sekolah Dasar, 6(1), 119-124, http://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jppguseda

Abstract:

In Cameroon, formal social protection systems cover only a small fraction—approximately 15 and 25%—of the active population, while the informal sector accounts for 86.6% of employment, predominantly in non-agricultural activities. A significant portion of this population lives in poverty (37.7% below the national poverty line) and faces major barriers to accessing contributory insurance schemes, including income instability, limited education, lack of awareness, and complex administrative procedures. Notably, around 60% of poor individuals are employed, underscoring their heightened vulnerability to social risks. In response to this exclusion, informal and community-based mechanisms—particularly tontines and health mutuals—have emerged as vital alternatives. These systems, though informal, provide essential financial protection and social support, highlighting the need to better understand their role and explore pathways for integrating informal workers into broader social protection frameworks.

References:

[1]. Statistique, Institut National de la. 2023, Enquête sur l’emploi, RAPPORT PRINCIPAL. Yaounde : INS.

[2]. Institut national de la Statistique, 2024, 5ème Enquête Camerounaise Auprès des Ménages (ECAM5). Publication officielle, Yaounde: INS.

[3]. OIT., 2023, Social protection coverage around the world. Statistiques sur la protection sociale.

[4]. Le Centre International de Politiques pour la Croissance Inclusive est un partenariat entre le Programme des Nations Unies, 2017, « Les travailleurs du secteur informel et les régimes contributifs d’assurance sociale : le cas de la Tanzanie. » ONE PAGER : Policy centre for inclusive growth.

[5]. Centre des liaisons européennes et internationales de sécurité. 2024, « Le régime camerounais de sécurité sociale. » CLEISS 3.

[6]. "Tontine et banque en contexte camerounais." La Revue des Sciences de Gestion 2011/3 n°249-250 163 à 170Louis Roger Kemayou, François Guebou Tadjuidje et Marie Sophie Madiba. 2011.

[7]. Loi, N., 2002/003 du 19 avril 2002, portant code général des impôts.

[8]. State of Social Protection Report 2025, The 2-Billion-Person Challenge (2025), page 31, Figure 2.1, World Bank

Abstract:

This study investigates the influence of digital change on rural communities, determining if it protects their socio-cultural fabric while still promoting growth. The article is written based on the thesis “Transformational Resilience: Digital Transformation in Guyana while safeguarding rural communities and mental wellness – A Case Study,” authored by Praem Narine Rambharak, one of the co-authors of this article. Through data and analysis, the researcher assesses the efficacy of digital interventions and makes practical recommendations to improve their benefits. The analysis was conducted using statistical tools such as Microsoft Power BI, Tableau, Google Forms, and Microsoft Excel. The study's goal is to inform policy and decision-making, ensuring that future initiatives are also aligned with community needs. The researcher expects the findings to have an impact on behaviours, interventions, and policies, as well as serve as a foundation for future studies on sociocultural development through digital transformation. By engaging communities, the studies emphasise technology's dual capacity to disrupt and empower, while calling for inclusive, culturally sensitive implementation tactics.

References:

[1]. FrancoGavonel, M., Adger, W. N., Safra de Campos, R., Boyd, E., Carr, E. R., Fábos, A., Fransen, S., Jolivet, D., Zickgraf, C., Codjoe, S. N., Abu, M., & Siddiqui, T., 2021, The migration-sustainability paradox: transformations in mobile worlds. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 49, 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust

[2]. Guyana lands and surveys commission`s., 1999, Admin regions detailed., fact page on guyana. (n.d.). https://factpage.glsc.gov.gy/admin-regions-detailed/Books

[3]. Hope, Kempe, R., 1978, Strengthening Rural Cooperatives in Guyana, Journal of Rural Cooperation, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 163-164 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kempe_Hope/publication/279740942_Development_Planning_in_Guyana_Promise_and_Performance/links/5639633908ae2da875c7a613/Development Planning-in-Guyana-Promise-and-Performance.pdf

[4]. Hope, K. R., and Davim L Vvilfred., 1974, Planning for Development in Guyana: The Experience from 1945 to 1973. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kempe_Hope/publication/284399550_Planning_for_develop ment_in_guyana_The_experience_from_1945-1973/links/5a2c2657a6fdccfbbf872e8c/Planning for-development-in-guyana-The-experience-from-1945

[5]. IICABiblioteca Venezuela. Retrieved., 2024, from https://books.google.gy/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hO8qAAAAYAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA233&dq=developments+in+rural+guyana&ots=J2uoerg0Bw&sig=R3i1y9Z9WjlrF64ZHZRh5QyEIk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=developments%20in%20rural%20gu yana&f=false

[6]. Köhler, J., Geels, F. W., Kern, F., Markard, J., Onsongo, E., Wieczorek, A., Alkemade, F., Avelino, F., Bergek, A., Boons, F., Fünfschilling, L., Hess, D., Holtz, G., Hyysalo, S., Jenkins, K., Kivimaa, P., Martiskainen, M., McMeekin, A., Mühlemeier, M. S., & Nykvist, B., 2019, An agenda for sustainability transitions research: State of the art and future directions. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 31, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.01.004

[7]. Land Use Planning and Housing Development in Guyana., 2024, A Case Study of Two Housing Schemes - ProQuest. (n.d.). www.proquest.com. https://www.proquest.com/openview/30a5407b054cbb9808f413710d7a13c6/1?pqorigsite=gscholar&cbl=5529408

[8]. Le, T. H.; Nakagawa, Y., Kobayashi, Y., 2021, Conditions under Which Rural-to-Urban Migration Enhances Social and Economic Sustainability of Home Communities: A Case Study in Vietnam. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158326

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[11]. McIntyre, Dr. M. A., 2023, Guyana: Economic Diversification Key to Long-Term Development | OilNOW. https://oilnow

[12]. Melville, J. L., Kuznesof, S., & Franks, J. R., 2023, From hinterland to heartland: Knowledge and market insecurity are barriers to crop farmers using sustainable soil management in Guyana. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1037368.gy/featured/guyana-economic-diversification-key-to long-term-development/

[13]. Narain, F., 2007, Historical information events & dates on the parliament of Guyana from 1718 to 2006 Parliament of Guyana. https://parliament.gov.gy/GUYANA%20PARLIAMENT%20HISTORY%202009-1.pdf

[14]. OECD., 2018, How Immigrants Contribute to Developing Countries’ Economies. In OECD iLibrary. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2018/01/how-immigrants-contribute-to-developing-countries-economies_g1g88c66.html

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[18]. United Nations Guyana., 2018, Empowering Rural Communities with Climate Smart Techniques | United Nations in Guyana. (n.d.). Guyana.un.org. https://guyana.un.org/en/52617-empowering-rural-communities-climate smart-techniques

[19]. United Nations Guyana, 2021, Mainstreaming Sustainable Land Development and Management in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana (n.d.). https://guyanareddfund.org/images/stories/ProjectDocuments/SLDM-Project Document-v3-for-Submission-to-GRIF-Steering-Committee-29-11-17.pdf

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Abstract:

This study investigates the impact of Management Information Systems (MIS) on the performance of selected business organizations in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A survey research design was employed, targeting a population of 167 registered business enterprises. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 119 enterprises. Data collection was conducted through structured questionnaires, and the analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Z-test and chi-square). The results indicate that MIS enhances business performance by improving staff monitoring, supporting non-discriminatory hiring practices, optimizing business processes, and providing valuable data for strategic decision-making. The findings further show that MIS software contributes to operational efficiency by automating routine tasks and reducing human errors. Based on these findings, the study recommends increased adoption of MIS by businesses in Adamawa State to streamline operations, improve accuracy, and enhance competitive advantage.

References:

[1]. Tapos, A., 2024, Role of Management Information Systems in Enhancing Decision-Making in Large-Scale Organizations.

[2]. Asadul, A., 2024, Integrating Artificial Intelligence into MIS Transforming Business Processes and Predictive Analytics . Pacific Journal of Business Innovation and Strategy. 1(1). Nov-Dec.

[3]. Markus, M. L. 2021. Theoretical diversity in IS research: A causal structure framework. Advancing information systems theories: Rationale and Processes. 75-130.7.

[4]. Khalil, E., 2022. The information inelasticity of habits: Kahneman’s bounded rationality or Simon’s procedural rationality? Synthese, 4 343.11.

[5]. Syed, A. 2025, ERP-Driven Data Analytics for Personalizing Advertising and Strengthening CRM Strategies. Pacific Journal of Business Innovation and Strategy. 2(1) Jan-Mar.

[6]. Shohanur, R., 2024, Cloud-Based Management Information Systems Opportunities and Challenges for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Pacific Journal of Business Innovation and Strategy, 1(1), Nov-Dec.

[7]. Nazma, B., 2024, Big Data Analytics and Its Impact on Customer Behavior Prediction in Retail Businesses . Pacific Journal of Business Innovation and Strategy, 1(1), Nov-Dec.

[8]. Tasmia, T., 2025, Functions and Contribution of Ansar-VDP Members in National Development of Bangladesh . Pacific Journal of Business Innovation and Strategy, 2(1), Jan-Mar.

[9]. Ubaldo, C., 2024, Sustainable Business Practices: Innovation for a Better Future . Pacific Journal of Business Innovation and Strategy, 1(1), Nov-Dec.

[10]. Serrat, O., & Serrat, O. 2021, Mintzberg’s model of managing: Random thoughts from an observation. Leading Solutions: Essays in Business Psychology, 157-169.4.

[11]. Gawer, A. 2021, Digital platforms for development: Foundations and research agenda. Information Systems Journal, 31(6), 869-902.3.

[12]. Abereijo, I. O., 2021. An business organizationships of the choice and performance of business organizations in technological and non-technological enterprises in south-western Nigeria. African Journal of Business Management. 2(10), pp.165-176. 

[13]. Akpan-Obong, P. 2020, Information and Communication Technologies in development: Contextuality and promise. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Implications of Management information systems in Developing Countries, São Paulo, Brazil, May 2020. [4].

[14]. Asha, N. B., 2023. Data-Driven Business Strategies: A Comparative Analysis of Data Science Techniques in Decision-Making. Sch J Econ Bus Manag, 9, 257-263.14.

[15]. Mouazen, A. M., 2023, Transformational and Transactional Leaders and their Role in Implementing the Kotter Change Management Model Ensuring Sustainable Change: An Empirical Study.Sustainability.16(1), 16.9.

[16]. Pearlson, K., 2019, Managing and using information systems: A strategic approach. John Wiley & Sons.10.

[17]. Adeniran, A., 2020. The essence of knowledge management in the air transportation sector. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 5(2).12.

[18]. Stephan, D. F., 2020. Basic business statistics: Concepts and applications. Pearson.

[19]. Hernandez, J. 2019., Bounded rationality in decision–making. MOJ Research Review, 2(1), 1-8.13.

[20]. Abdullah, R. 2021. A systematic review of the DeLone and McLean model of information systems success in an E-learning context (2010–2020). IEEE Access, 9, 81210-81235.15.

[21]. Egidi, M. 2020. Bounded rationality and organizational decision making. Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality. 509-521.32.

[22]. Chtourou, B., 2020. Organizational culture and information systems strategic alignment: Exploring the influence through an empirical study from Tunisia. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 33(1), 95-119.34. 

[23]. Wessel, L. 2021. Unpacking the difference between digital transformation and IT-enabled organizational transformation. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 22(1), 102-129.29.

[24]. Mishra, A. N., 2022. Functional IT complementarity and hospital performance in the United States: A longitudinal investigation. Information Systems Research, 33(1), 55-75.35.

[25]. Rafiq, M. 2023. DeLone and McLean’s reformulated information systems success model: A systematic review of available literature in public sector (2011-2023).Global knowledge, Memory and Communication.

[26]. Hossain, M. Z., 2024. Advancements in Natural Language Processing: Leveraging Transformer Models for Multilingual Text Generation. Pacific Journal of Advanced Engineering Innovations, 1(1), 4-12.36

Abstract:

This study explores the connection between e-commerce literacy and Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory management practices among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Guyana, a developing country with varying levels of digital adoption. As SMEs face increasing pressure to meet higher customer expectations and manage more complex supply chains, JIT inventory management can be an effective way to implement lean practices without maintaining excess stock. Successfully using JIT requires SMEs to enhance real-time inventory visibility and coordinate purchasing, logistics, and supplier deliveries. These improvements can be particularly challenging for small, resource-limited SMEs. This qualitative study employs a mixed-methods approach, collecting quantitative data through structured surveys from 248 SMEs and qualitative data via semi-structured interviews with 11 stakeholders across industries such as retail, agriculture, manufacturing, and services. The analysis of the quantitative data supports the hypothesis, showing that SMEs utilizing digital tools, such as procurement apps, cloud-based inventory systems, or e-commerce platforms, experience operational benefits, including shorter lead times, improved stock availability, faster inventory turnover, and more efficient order fulfillment. Furthermore, there is a strong negative correlation between firms using digital procurement tools and procurement and inventory inefficiencies, indicating that e-commerce facilitates successful JIT. However, structural barriers still hinder many firms from fully adopting JIT, especially in remote areas. These barriers include digital literacy gaps, limited access to affordable technology, and inadequate digital infrastructure with reliable connectivity. The findings suggest that while e-commerce has significant potential to aid JIT adoption, SME success depends on initial and ongoing investments in digital infrastructure, staff training, and supply chain coordination. This research contributes to the growing literature on digital transformations guided by lean principles in the Southern Hemisphere, providing both theoretical insights and practical recommendations for policymakers and SME managers. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the importance of adopting universal digital strategies that can help SMEs in emerging economies, like Guyana, improve inventory management, organizational resilience, and business growth.

References:

[1]. Christopher, M., 2016, Logistics & Supply Chain Management (5th ed.). Pearson Education.

[2]. UNCTAD, 2022, E-commerce and Development Report. United Nations.

[3]. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2021, Measuring digital development: Facts and figures. ITU.

[4]. Caribbean Development Bank, 2021, Digital Transformation Strategy for the Caribbean. Bridgetown: CDB.

[5]. Deloitte, 2020, SME digital maturity index: Unlocking growth through digital tools. Retrieved from https://www.deloitte.com

[6]. Ramírez Martínez, A., Zepeda, E., & Luna-Reyes, L. F., 2022, Digital transformation and supply chain resilience in developing countries. Information Systems Journal, 32(1), 3–25.

[7]. Musara, M., 2021, E-commerce, digital tools, and lean operations in SMEs in Southern Africa. African Journal of Business Management, 15(7), 213–224.

[8]. Gunasekaran, A., & Ngai, E. W. T., 2004, Information systems in supply chain integration and management. European Journal of Operational Research, 159(2), 269–295.

[9]. McKinsey & Company, 2020, How digital tools are reshaping smes in developing economies. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com

[10]. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2021, digital economy report: cross-border data flows and development. United Nations.

[11]. Srivastava, S., & Kumar, A., 2020, Adoption of ERP systems in Indian SMEs: Drivers and barriers. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 33(2), 439–460.

[12]. Njenga, K., & Fourie, L. C. H., 2010, The myths about mobile banking: Lessons from Kenya. International Journal of Electronic Finance, 4(3), 222–235.

[13]. Singh, R., & Sharma, S., 2019, Mobile commerce in India: Progress and prospects. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47, 48–54.

[14]. Bhatt, G. D., 2001, Knowledge management in organizations: Examining the interaction between technologies, techniques, and people. Journal of Knowledge Management, 5(1), 68–75.

[15]. Ivanov, D., 2020, Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 136, 101922.

[16]. Schober, Patrick & Boer, Christa & Schwarte, Lothar., 2018, Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. anesthesia & analgesia. 126. 1. Doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864.

[17]. Tashkinov, Aleksey., 2024, The implementation of lean and digital management techniques using artificial intelligence in industrial settings. Discover Artificial Intelligence. 4. 10.1007/s44163-024-00186-5.

[18]. Pourasiabi, Hamed & Pourasiabi, Hamid., 2012, Just In Time (JIT) production and supply chain management.

[19]. Abdullahi, A., 2023, The cumulative effects of ICT adoption and integration practices on [supply chain practices] (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Central Lancashire. Retrieved from https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/id/eprint/52509/1/Final%20Thesis%20-%20Abdullahi.pdf

[20]. Sohn, S. Y., & Lee, K., 2017, Contextual factors affecting the innovation performance of manufacturing SMEs: Evidence from metropolitan Korea. Sustainability, 9(7), 1193. https://doi.org/0.3390/su9

Abstract:

Despite decades of global advocacy for gender equity, women remain significantly underrepresented at senior levels within organizations—particularly in multicultural, male-dominated environments. Drawing upon both conceptual literature and lived personal experience, this study explores how structural barriers (such as opaque promotion systems and entrenched “old boys’ networks”) intersect with psychological mechanisms (including stereotype threat and the imposter phenomenon) to hinder women’s leadership advancement. The author reflects on her journey as a female principal of a leading Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institution in Guyana—navigating a professional landscape historically dominated by men. Early skepticism from male colleagues and deeply rooted systemic biases posed formidable challenges. However, through resilient, inclusive, and transformative leadership, the author led a decade of institutional growth and renewal. Under her stewardship, student enrolment increased from 1,200 to over 1,900 annually; graduation rates improved from 45% to 75%; institutional accreditation was achieved; ISO quality standards were initiated; student industry attachments surged from 15% to 86% and more women ascended to senior positions at the institute. By integrating academic frameworks with authentic leadership experience, this paper highlights the complex dynamics affecting women in leadership and presents practical, evidence-informed strategies for CARICOM employers. Recommendations include transparent promotion practices, gender-sensitive mentorship models, and organizational cultures that value diverse leadership styles—ultimately aiming to create more inclusive and equitable leadership pathways across the region.

References:

[1]. Barnett, C., 2024, CARICOM secretary general says regional women still facing challenges to equality, Jamaica Gleaner.

[2]. Bieri, F., 2021, Gender and leadership in vocational education. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(3), 318–334.

[3]. Braun, V., & Clarke, V., 2006, Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.

[4]. CARICOM Secretariat / UN Women., 2019, CARICOM Gender Equality Indicators.

[5]. Catalyst. 2023, Women in leadership: Progress and setbacks.

[6]. Cokley, K., McClain, S., Enciso, A., & Martinez, M., 2022, Toward an understanding of the measurement of imposter phenomenon among women of color. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 69(1), 76‑90. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000623

[7]. Clance, P. R., & Imes, S. A., 1978, The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 15(3), 241–247.

[8]. de Vries, R., & Binns, J., 2018, Sponsorship: Creating career opportunities for women in higher education. Research Gate.

[9]. Du, Y., Nordell, J., & Joseph, K., 2021, Insidious nonetheless: How small effects and hierarchical norms create and maintain gender disparities in organizations. arXiv.

[10]. Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L., 2018, Women and the labyrinth of leadership. Harvard Business Review, 96(6), 62‑71.

[11]. Eagly, A. H., & Heilman, M. E.,  2016, Gender and leadership: Introduction to the special issue. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3), 349‑353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.04.002

[12]. Ellemers, N.,  2024, Bias in organizations: A multilevel perspective. Cambridge University Press.

[13]. Ellis, C., Adams, T. E., & Bochner, A. P., 2011, Autoethnography: An overview. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 12(1).

[14]. Ely, R. J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D. M., 2020, Taking gender into account: Theory and design for women’s leadership development programs. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 19(3), 302–324.

[15]. Ford, J., et al., 2021, Leadership programs for academic women: Building self efficacy and organizational leadership. Drexel University Research.

[16]. Geyik, S. C., Ambler, S., & Kenthapadi, K., 2019, Fairness aware ranking in recommendation systems with application to LinkedIn Talent Search. arXiv.

[17]. Gupta, V., & Jaiswal, M., 2021, Dissecting gender bias in promotion decisions: Evidence from Indian IT. Gender in Management, 36(4), 497‑512.

[18]. Ibarra, H., Carter, N., & Silva, C., 2019, Why men still get more promotions than women. Harvard Business Review, 97(4), 34‑42.

[19]. International Labour Organization., 2024, The gender divide at work – 2024 global report. Geneva: ILO.

[20]. International Labour Organization., 2024, Women in business and management: The business case for change. ILO.

[21]. Jacob, S. E., Pullot, P. L., & Thomas, M. R., 2024, Gender-based microaggressions, impostor phenomenon, and turnover intention among women IT employees. In Global Practices on Effective Talent Acquisition and Retention. IGI Global.

[22]. Latu, I. M., Mast, M. S., Lammers, J., & Bombari, D., 2019, Empowering women in leadership: The role of coaching and identity safety cues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(5), 611–624.

[23]. Ministry of Labour, 2025, Gender and employment survey: Guyana 2024‑2025. Georgetown: Government Printery.

[24]. Ministry of Labour, 2025, Annual labour market report: Guyana 2024–2025. Government of Guyana.

[25]. Morley, L., 2013, Women and higher education leadership: Absences and aspirations. Leadership Foundation for Higher Education.

[26]. Northouse, P. G., 2021, Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). Sage Publications.

[27]. Ramdial, A., 2022, Intersectional barriers facing women leaders in Trinidad & Tobago’s energy sector. Caribbean Journal of Management, 14(2), 55‑73.

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Abstract:

This study examines the effect of managerial efficiency on organisational performance in Nigeria’s health sector. It employs a longitudinal research design using secondary panel data from six publicly listed health and pharmaceutical companies over a nine-year period. Ordinary Least Squares regression, supported by descriptive and correlation analysis, was used to test the relationships among key variables, including managerial efficiency, compensation, and ownership, while controlling for firm size and leverage. The findings show that managerial efficiency and compensation have statistically insignificant effects on organisational performance, while managerial ownership significantly enhances performance outcomes. Firm size is positively and significantly associated with performance, while firm leverage has no statistically significant effect. The study introduces methodological novelty through robust panel diagnostics, including multicollinearity and model specification tests, which affirm the reliability of the findings. Based on the results, the study recommends the adoption of ownership-based strategies and improved managerial structures to enhance organisational outcomes in Nigeria’s health sector. The paper contributes new insights to the literature on performance management and governance within emerging health systems.

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[35]. Olayemi, O., Okonji, P. S., Oghojafor, B. E., & Orekoya, O., 2020, Strategic planning and performance in Nigeria’s health sector. Journal of Management and Strategy, 11(3), 45–54.

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Abstract:

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), today, an estimated 1.3 billion people, or 16% of the global population, are living with a major impairment. As digital usage rises in Guyana, managing technological risk among the elderly (ages 65 and above), and disabled is a crucial concern. Barriers that vulnerable communities must overcome include low levels of computer literacy, limited financial resources, problems with accessibility, and vulnerability to cyberattacks. This research specifically examines the main technological hazards that these populations face, such as internet fraud, privacy issues with data, and challenges in obtaining necessary services. It examine Guyana's current support networks and policies while suggesting ways to reduce risks, like more robust cybersecurity, inclusive technology design, and focused digital literacy initiatives. The paper emphasises how government organizations, non-governmental organizations, and private sector players must work together to provide secure and fair digital inclusion for Guyana's elderly and disabled citizens.

References:

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Abstract:

Youth unemployment persists across many African cities despite policy attention and episodic programmes. This paper evaluates whether micro snack enterprises, specifically plantain chips and chinchin ventures, function as employment incubators for young people in dense urban economies. Anchored in Informal Sector Theory, Youth Empowerment Theory, and Human Capital Theory, we implement a mixed-methods study in Lagos (Ikeja), combining structured surveys (n = 300) and semi-structured interviews (n = 20). Reliability and construct checks indicate acceptable psychometrics (Cronbach’s α = 0.84; KMO = 0.79; Bartlett p < 0.001). Descriptives show that 78% of workers are aged 18–35; mean firm size is 4.6 employees. Multivariable OLS models reveal that access to microfinance (β = 0.23, p = 0.003), technical training (β = 0.19, p = 0.011), and regulatory ease (β = 0.17, p = 0.018) are independently associated with profitability; model fit R² = 0.58. Robustness checks and sensitivity tests preserve significance. Qualitative data triangulate mechanisms: low entry costs, short working-capital cycles, and rich value-chain spillovers. We conclude that micro snack enterprises absorb youth labour and stimulate grassroots incomes, but scale is constrained by finance, infrastructure, and informality frictions. Policy priorities include targeted micro-credit, food-hygiene/production training, light-touch formalisation, and micro-industrial clusters aligned with youth enterprise. The findings generalise to comparable African cities with thick informal markets and similar regulatory conditions.

References:

[1]. Aderemi, T. A., 2022, Informal economy and youth employment in Lagos State. African Journal of Development Studies, 18(1), 45–61.

[2]. Obafemi, A. A., and Daramola, O., 2021, Urban youth unemployment and the rise of informal businesses in Nigeria. Journal of African Socioeconomic Studies, 9(3), 130–148.

[3]. Akpan, F. I., 2023, Fast-moving consumer goods in informal settings: A study of ready-to-eat snacks in urban Lagos. Nigerian Business Review, 17(2), 25–42.

[4]. Ekanem, O. B., 2020, Micro food processing enterprises and food security in Nigeria. Journal of Food Systems Research, 12(4), 205–222.

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[9]. Becker, G. S., 1994, Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press.

[10]. ILO, 2020, Youth Employment in Africa: Improving Prospects in the Rural Economy. Geneva: International Labour Organization.

[11]. Akinyele, A. B., and Eze, R., 2021, Food microenterprises and informal employment: Evidence from Nigerian cities. Development Policy Review, 39(5), 603–619.

[12]. Onyema, E. N., and Bello, T., 2022, Women entrepreneurs and food processing SMEs in Lagos. African Journal of Women’s Studies, 8(1), 57–73.

[13]. Ojong, I. N., 2020, Gender dimensions of the informal economy: The case of food vending in Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Social Issues, 14(2), 114–129.

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[15]. Meagher, K., 2018, Disrupting the African informal economy: Hybrid governance and the politics of inclusion in Nigeria. Africa Spectrum, 53(2), 139–163.

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[22]. Oyedele, A., and Abdulraheem, M., 2021, Youth and innovation in food microenterprises in Nigeria. African Journal of Business Innovation, 9(2), 44–60.

[23]. Uduak, M. A., and Ekeh, L. E., 2020, Financial inclusion and microenterprise development in Nigeria. Journal of Development Finance, 6(3), 142–155.

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Abstract:

This study provides the first large-scale examination of the nomological net and incremental validity of assessment center (AC) dimensions identified by. Using two large managerial samples (N = 4,985), investigate the relationships between seven primary AC dimensions and key individual difference variables—cognitive ability and the Big Five personality traits. Findings indicate that AC dimension scores offer meaningful incremental validity beyond traditional psychometric tests. While overall AC ratings showed modest validity (r = .36, mechanically combined composites of AC dimensions produced substantially higher operational validities (unit-weighted r = .44–.50; optimally weighted r = .45–.52), especially when used in conjunction with cognitive and personality assessments. Notably, dimensions such as “problem solving” and “influencing others” showed the strongest associations with cognitive ability and extraversion, respectively, and provided significant incremental gains in predicting job performance (ΔR² = .09–.12). Moreover, single AC dimensions like “problem solving” yielded comparable predictive utility to full composites when paired with personality or cognitive tests. The results underscore the added value of construct-based dimension scoring over holistic AC ratings, which are often diluted by subjective assessor judgments. This research contributes critical evidence supporting the construct validity and applied utility of AC dimension scoring in managerial selection contexts. It also highlights the potential for slimmed-down ACs targeting high-validity dimensions to improve efficiency without sacrificing predictive accuracy.

References:

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Abstract:

This research explores the impact of civic education on voter turnout in Guyana’s Local Government Elections (LGEs), particularly in light of the prolonged 24-year gap between the 1994 and 2016 elections. Despite legal provisions requiring LGEs every three years, turnout has remained below 50%, indicating low civic engagement. Utilizing a mixed-methods, phenomenological approach, the study combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with electoral stakeholders and content analysis of civic education materials. The findings reveal a significant correlation between civic knowledge and electoral participation. Key barriers include limited understanding of local governance, political interference, inadequate civic education outreach, and a general lack of trust in the process. Youths and men were less likely to vote, underscoring demographic disparities in engagement. The study recommends a holistic civic education strategy integrating school-based learning, targeted social media campaigns, and collaborative efforts among electoral bodies, government ministries, and civil society. The findings offer valuable insights for policy reforms at the Guyana Elections Commission and may inform strategic planning in similar electoral contexts across the region.

References:

[1]. Brennan, J., 2020, Increasing voter turnout in local elections. National Civic Review, 109(1), 16–23, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.32543/naticivirevi.109.1.0016

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[9]. Marschall, M., & Ruhil, A. V., 2024, Local democracy in America: How access, competition, and place shape turnout in mayoral race. Urban Affairs Review, https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874241280036

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Abstract:

Telemedicine is an important solution for increasing the availability of health care services, with an emphasis on adequate geographic distribution, which enhances the fairness of health care service delivery. The research also outlines various limitations, some of which include the ability to overcome user acceptance barriers, the requirement for extensive training, and the integration turbulence with existing workflows. Based on these findings, it is clear that decision-makers in strategic organizational settings, particularly hospitals, should encourage IT investment and ensure staff enrollment undergoes extensive orientation in an effort to produce the expected value. It is recommended that prior indicators be established to gauge the performance of the framework for supporting the IT structure in healthcare. Future research should try to conduct long-term research to analyze the overall effects of IT systems on hospital performance and discover new strategies to reduce IS implementation issues. The result of this study shows that IT is a breakthrough in hospital management, hence the call for the adoption of IT for the further improvement of the health sector.

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Abstract:

This study presents a comparative analysis of voter turnout in Guyana’s Local Government Elections (LGE) held in 1994, 2016, 2018 and 2023 which revealed a declining trend: 48%, 47%, 37%, and 35% respectively. The sharp decline in 2018 generated significant public discourse, prompting the Guyana Elections Commission (GECOM) to issue an official statement attributing the low turnout to voter apathy and limited voter education. Grounded in both literature and stakeholder perspectives, this study aimed to identify the key determinants influencing voter turnout in the 2016, 2018 and 2023 LGEs. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining survey data with expert interviews. The findings highlight that voter understanding of the local government system, perceived benefits of voting, apathy, and gender are significant predictors of turnout. Conversely, education level, registration barriers, and access to polling stations had limited influence. The study underscores the pivotal role of voter education in enhancing participation and informs policy development aimed at increasing electoral engagement. Expert interviews further reinforced the need for targeted civic education and active political party involvement. The study concludes with recommendations focused on strengthening voter and civic education initiatives as a strategic response to mitigate apathy and foster higher participation in future LGEs.

References:

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Abstract:

Stress in healthcare workers is increasingly common in recent times and among healthcare personnel it impacts both individual well-being and the quality of healthcare delivery. Individuals’ coping strategies have a profound effect on how well they respond to negative life events. Coping is a continuous, goal-directed process in which individuals consciously and unconsciously engage to adjust their cognitive and behavioural efforts to maintain personal control during specific stressful situations. This study investigated stress coping strategies among health workers in Dekina Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 97 purposively selected health personnel. The Coping Behaviour Inventory (CBI) was employed to measure stress coping mechanisms. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses including ANOVA, Kendall’s Tau-b, and Point-Biserial correlation, were used to assess patterns and relationships among variables. Results revealed that coping strategies showed less variation (mean = 2.49), suggesting a uniform adoption of coping behaviours. However, no demographic or occupational variables significantly predicted coping behaviours. Correlation analyses also indicated weak associations among variables. The findings portrayed limited influence of demographic characteristics on coping strategies. In summary, the study effectively met its general and specific objectives. It suggests targeted interventions, particularly for experienced personnel, and institutional policies that promote psychological support and resilient coping across all workforce levels. The study recommends future study on this topic domain to be geared towards discovering the solutions to ameliorate stress among senior health workers in Dekina Local Government area, Kogi State, Nigeria.

References:

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Abstract:

This study investigates the impact of training and development programs on the performance of the Guyana Police Force (GPF). “The Role of Training and Development in Fostering Performance in the Guyana Police Force”, authored by Suelle Findlay-Williams, the co-author of this article. The study was done utilising survey data drawn from 250 officers in the Guyana Police Force and integrating a cross-section of global research studies across law enforcement, military, corporate, and public service sectors. This paper examines how structured training affects police confidence, decision-making, and overall effectiveness. The results reveal a strong correlation between continuous training and improved professional outcomes, with 95% of officers reporting enhanced public interaction and 93% citing increased productivity. Key findings of this study emphasise the value of scenario-based training, mentorship, emotional regulation, and feedback mechanisms in law enforcement training design. The study concludes with recommendations to refine training delivery, enhance leadership development, and integrate international best practices.

References:

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Abstract:

This paper examines three strategic tools used by organizations globally. This examination would be a theoretical diagnostic perspective in analyzing these strategic planning tools. The three strategic tools that would be investigated are SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, Porters 5 forces. These strategic planning tools play an important role in the fields of strategic planning, assessing the business environment, mitigating risks, assessing external and internal factors, developing strategies, analyse the competitive industry, profitability. These three pivotal strategic marketing and business analytical tools, each of these offers an exceptional perspective for assessing internal capabilities, and external environments factors, business dynamics, and marketing strategies. SWOT analysis presents a systematic method for recognizing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, fundamental for strategic decision-making. The PESTEL analysis proposal several insights into macro-environmental factors, these include political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal that heavily influence an organization. Porter’s Five Forces model investigates the competitive forces within an industry, emphasizing impending threats and market attractiveness. By incorporating these frameworks, businesses can enhance they, competitive positioning, strategic planning and market responsiveness in a progressively complex business landscape. These insights from the study would be critical for firms aiming to enhance they organizations using these strategi tools. This study analysed, accessed, and synthesized the SWOT, PESTEL, Porters five forces literature, acknowledging for new theoretical perspectives and frameworks to surface.

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Abstract:

Lazy attitude, conflict and broken morals are normal behaviour among employees at the Demerara Harbour Bridge Corporation, Ministry of Public Works, Guyana. This study aims to examine the relationship shared among the employees and management at the Demerara Harbour Bridge Corporation, examining the behaviour, attitude and performance to determine the relationship between the employees and work-related factors on job satisfaction of the remaining employees. A total of 100 questionnaires were completed in this survey. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyses the data. The findings reveal that there are factors, namely the coworkers and supervisor relationship significantly contribute to job satisfaction among the employees, highlighting that the relationship shared plays a very important role in their satisfaction within the workplace. The implication of this study is of great importance for the organisation in developing its retention package and recommendations to increase job satisfaction among the recruits of the organisation.

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