Abstract:

The uptake of family planning services in developing countries has been found to avert unintended pregnancies, reduce maternal and child mortality. However, contraceptive prevalence rate still remains low. The objective of this study is to determine factors affecting uptake of family planning in Ungogo Local Government Area Kano State, from June to November 2023. Descriptive mixed-method was used to conduct cross-sectional study in Ungogo local government of Kano State. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Systematic random sampling was employed to recruit 300 residents, aged 15-49 years. The interviewer administered questionnaire and in-depth interview guides were used to obtain information from respondents. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 and manually for quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Socio demographic profile of respondents indicated that a good number of the respondents were between the ages of 15-24 (70%) and 25-34(30%). The study also showed that many of the respondents 40% (120) were married and of Muslim religion 240 (80%). The commonest family planning method used was implants (33%) followed by injectables (30%). Both the husbands and wives were jointly involved in family planning decision-making (96%). Maternal age, husband’s occupation and prior treatment for infertility are factors influencing family planning decision –making. There is need to promote women’s autonomy and control over their bodies and the need for men to be involved in maternal and child health programmes.

References:

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[2].   Weeks, A., 2007, Maternal Mortality: It's Time to get Political. BJOG; .94(1), 74-93 Westoff, C and World Health Organization. 2022, Current Practices and Controversies in Reproduction

[3].   Miller, A., 2010, Mothers" Education and "Childhood Mortality: Health Policy. 64(3), 15.

[4].   United Nation 2003, Population and Development: Programme of Action Adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo. September 1994, New York, and U.N. Population Division.

[5].   Pietila, H., 2007, The Unfinished Story of Women and the United Nations: New York, Geneva, United Nations. 120-126, https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/592517

[6].   Marger, M. H., 2008, Social Inequality. Patterns and Processes. Mountain View, California, London. Toronto. Mayfield Publishing .41(4),528-549

[7].   L., Bernardi, 2014, Social network and fertility; Demographic research. 30(22), 641-670, https://www.demographic-research.org/articles/volume/30/22

[8].   Avatim, W. $., Weeks, J., 2010, Challenging Unequal Gender- Based Power Relation in Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Case Study of SEND Ghana’s Eastern Corridor Livelihood Security Promotion Programme, Graduate school of Development Studies, The Netherlands: The Hague: International Institute of Social Studies. 623-626, Erasmus University Thesis Repository: Challenging Unequal Gender-Based Power Relations in Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Case Study of SEND Ghana‘s Eastern Corridor Livelihood Security Promotion Program (ECLSPP)

[9].   U.N., 2009, Population Bulletin of the United Nations: Prospects for Fertility Decline in High Fertility Countries, New York. U.S.A: U.N. Population Division. 46(42), 16, https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/population-bulletin-united-nations-prospects-fertility-decline-high-fertility-countries

[10].  Oppong, C., & Abu, F., 2007, Sex Roles, Population and Development in West Africa: Policy Related Studies on Work and Demographic Issues 7thEdition, Portsmouth, Heinemann Educational Books Inc https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undp_egm_200107_background_paper.pdf

[11].  Bleek in Stephenson, 2006, Children in the Nigerian cultural setting as social Insurance: Cultural reasons of childbearing. 2(3), 18.

[12].  Billari, F., Philipov, D., & Testa, M. R., 2009, Attitudes, norms and perceived behavioural control: Explaining fertility intentions in Bulgaria. European Journal of Population, 25(4), 439-465.

[13].  McIntosh, C. A., & Finkle, J. L., 2005, The Cairo Conference on Population and Development: A New Paradigm, Population and Development Review 21(2), 224.

[14].  Freyka, T., 2017, Religiousness and fertility – population and development. 33(4), 785-809.

[15].  Cadwell, J.C. 2009. Education as a Factor in Mortality Decline: An Examination of Nigeria Data in Population Studies (Women) 3(21).

[16].  Creative Research System 2012, Formular for calculating sample size: Retrieved January 8,2013 from www.surveysystem.com/sample-size-formular.htm.

[17].  Chandrashekara, S., 2012, Sample size estimation and power analysis for clinical research studies. Journal of human reproductive sciences 5(1), 7-13.

[18].  National Population Commission (NPC), 2014, [Nigeria] and ICF Macro, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. (Abuja: National Population Commission and ICF Macro, 2014), p. 8, http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/SR173/SR173.pdf

[19].  National Population Commission 2014, Housing and Population census, 2006. Abuja, Nigeria; Federal Government Printer.

[20].  National institute of health (.gov) https://wwww.ncbi.nlm.gov>pmc. Y.D Guracho.2022

[21].  Momsen, J. H., 2004, Gender and Development. London & New York Routledge https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1958142

Abstract:

This Study aims to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients attending selected General Hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria. The research is a cross-sectional descriptive study involving General Hospital Minna, General Hospital Suleja and General Hospital Sabon Wuse in Niger state. Trained research assistants helped with obtaining data from the files of patients living with diabetes. The study revealed distinct patterns and significant variations in diabetes prevalence rates, with the highest recorded in General Hospital Minna (1.13%) and the lowest recorded in General Hospital Suleja (0.41%). Pre-validated questionnaires were also used to obtain the demographics of 330 patients living with diabetes. The data was analysed using frequency, percentages and chi-square (χ²) tests. The results showed the prevalence of diabetes increased with age, socio-economic status and diet. No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of diabetes among smokers and non-smokers, with a p-value of .356. The study revealed that people living with T1DM and T2DM were predominantly between the ages of 41 to 60, they were mostly middle/lower class and non-smokers. High intake of carbohydrates and food devoid of vegetables and proteins should be avoided for a good quality of life and longevity. The study further revealed that consumption of beverages/food containing high sugar content posed a key risk factor for the development of T2DM. Therefore, the study recommends intensive effort by healthcare providers and stakeholders to facilitate efficient planning, a public enlightenment campaign, advocacy, and allocation of health resources for prevention and management of diabetes.

References:

[1].   Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J., 2017, Type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 389 (10085), 2239–2251. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30058-2.

[2].   Chan, J. C. N., Lim, L.-L., Wareham, N. J., Shaw, J. E., Orchard, T. J., et al., 2020, The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives. Lancet. 396 (10267), 2019–2082. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32374-6.

[3].   Sun, Q., 2010, White rice, brown rice, and risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women. Archives of internal medicine. 170 (11), 961. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.109.

[4].   Vos, T., Lim, S. S., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi, M., et al., 2020, Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 396 (10258), 1204–1222. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30925-9.

[5].   Squires, E., Duber, H., Campbell, M., Cao, J., Chapin, A., Horst, C., Li, Z., Matyasz, T., Reynolds, A., Hirsch, I. B. & Dieleman, J. L., 2018, Health care spending on diabetes in the U.s., 1996–2013. Diabetes care. 41 (7), 1423–1431. doi:10.2337/dc17-1376.

[6].   Zhou, B., Lu, Y., Hajifathalian, K., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., et al., 2016, Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4·4 million participants. Lancet. 387 (10027), 1513–1530. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00618-8.

[7].   Bhutta, Z. A., Salam, R. A., Gomber, A., Lewis-Watts, L., Narang, T., Mbanya, J. C. & Alleyne, G., 2021, A century past the discovery of insulin: global progress and challenges for type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 398 (10313), 1837–1850. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02247-9.

[8].   Flood, D., Seiglie, J. A., Dunn, M., Tschida, S., Theilmann, M., et al., 2021, The state of diabetes treatment coverage in 55 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data in 680 102 adults. The Lancet. Healthy longevity. 2 (6), e340–e351. doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00089-1.

[9].   Scott, A., Chambers, D., Goyder, E., & O’Cathain, A., 2017, Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, morbidity and diabetes management for adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review. PLOS ONE. 12 (5), e0177210. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177210.

[10].  National Population Commission of Nigeria (web). Date of access: 23/03/2025. https://citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/NGA027_niger/.

[11].  Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W., 1970, Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement.

[12].  Lindström, J., and Tuomilehto, J., 2003, The Diabetes Risk Score. Diabetes Care, 26, 725- 731. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.3.725.

[13].  Ugwu, E., Young, E., & Nkpozi, M., 2020, Diabetes care knowledge and practice among primary care physicians in Southeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMC family practice. 21 (1). doi:10.1186/s12875-020-01202-0.

[14].  Dahiru, T., Aliyu, A. & Shehu, A. U., 2016, A review of population-based studies on diabetes mellitus in Nigeria. Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine. 3 (2), 59. doi:10.4103/2384-5147.184351.

[15].  Adewumi, O. O., Oladele, E. O. & Jegede, O. S., 2022, Risk factors and prevalence of diabetes mellitus among residents of Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment. 3 (1), 35–43. doi:10.52417/ajhse. v3i1.198.

[16].  Ogbera, A. O. and Ekpebegh, C., 2014, Diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: the past, present and future. World Journal Diabetes 5:905–911.

[17].  Volqvartz, T., Andersen, H. H. B., Pedersen, L. H., & Larsen, A., 2023, Obesity in pregnancy—Long‐term effects on offspring hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and associations with placental cortisol metabolism: A systematic review. European Journal of Neuroscience, 58(11), 4393-4422.

[18].  Arpey, N. C., Gaglioti. A. H. and Rosenbaum, M. E., 2017, How Socio-economic Status affects Patient Perceptions of Health Care: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health 8(3)169 -175.

[19].  Cosentino, F., Grant, P. J., Aboyans, V., Bailey, C. J., Ceriello, A., Delgado, V., & Wheeler, D. C., 2020, 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: The Task Force for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). European heart journal, 41(2), 255-323.

[20].  Littman, A. J., Knott, C. J., Boyko, E. J., & Hawes, S. E., 2020, Associations between racial and ethnic groups and foot self-inspection in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 43(5), 956-963.

[21].  Dasgupta, K., Khan, S. & Ross, N. A., 2010, Type 2 diabetes in Canada: concentration of risk among most disadvantaged men but inverse social gradient across groups in women. Diabetic medicine: a journal of the British Diabetic Association. 27 (5), 522–531. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02982. x.

[22].  Lyssenko, V., Jonsson, A., Almgren, P., Pulizzi, N., Isomaa, B., Tuomi, T., Berglund, G., Altshuler, D., Nilsson, P., & Groop, L., 2008, Clinical risk factors, DNA variants, and the development of type 2 diabetes. The New England journal of medicine. 359 (21), 2220–2232. doi:10.1056/nejmoa0801869.

[23].  Redondo, M. J., Gignoux, C. R., Dabelea, D., Hagopian, W. A., Onengut-Gumuscu, S., Oram, R. A., & Rich, S. S., 2022, Type 1 diabetes in diverse ancestries and the use of genetic risk scores. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 10(8), 597-608.

[24].  Zheng, Y., Ley, S. H., & Hu, F. B., 2018, Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nature reviews endocrinology, 14(2), 88-98.

[25].  Yeh, H.-C., 2010, Smoking cessation and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of internal medicine. 152 (11), 755. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-152-11-201006010-00021.

[26].  Almdal, T., Scharling, H., Jensen, J. S., & Vestergaard, H., 2008, Higher prevalence of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and subsequent higher incidence in men. European journal of internal medicine. 19 (1), 40–45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2007.05.011.

[27].  Haghighatdoost, F., Amini, M., Feizi, A., & Iraj, B., 2017, Are body mass index and waist circumference significant predictors of diabetes and prediabetes risk: Results from a population-based cohort study. World journal of diabetes. 8 (7), 365. doi:10.4239/wjd.v8.i7.365.

[28].  Naseer, I. M., Bibi, F. H., Alqahtani, M. G., Chaudhary, A., I. Azhar, E. A., Kamal, M., & Yasir, M., 2014, Role of gut Microbiota in obesity, type 2 diabetes and Alzheimers disease. CNS & neurological disorders drug targets. 13 (2), 305–311. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cnsnddt/2014/00000013/00000002/art00015.

[29].  Wild, S. H., & Byrne, C. D., 2006, Risk factors for diabetes and coronary heart disease. BMJ. 333 (7576), 1009–1011. doi:10.1136/bmj.39024.568738.43.

[30].  Dyson, P. A., 2010, The therapeutics of lifestyle management on obesity. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 12, 941–94.

[31].  Villegas, R., Liu, S., Gao, Y.-T., Yang, G., Li, H., Zheng, W. & Shu, X.O., 2007, Prospective study of dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Chinese women. Archives of internal medicine. 167 (21), 2310. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2310.

[32].  Dataphyte, 2023, Sugar-sweetened beverages harming young people, cutting short lives. Date of access: 9/04/2024. https://www.dataphyte.com/latest-reports/sugar-sweetened-beverages-harming-young-people-cutting-short-lives/.

Abstract:

The National Youth Service Corps scheme is a mandatory one-year programme for Nigerian graduates aimed at fostering national unity, youth development, and community service. In 2022, the Federal Government introduced a national health insurance initiative, known as the Group, Individual and Family Social Health Insurance Programme-n, to cater for the healthcare needs of corps members. This study evaluated the utilisation of health services among corps members under the programme in Rivers State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 415 corps members in Rivers State, Nigeria, using a pretested, self-administered, anonymous, structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics (frequency tables and cross-tabulations) were used to summarise the data, while inferential statistics to test for association between variables were done using the chi-square test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The majority of the respondents were between the ages of 24 and 26 years, with a mean age of 25.9 ± 2.4 years. Outpatient services (85.3%), laboratory/radiological investigations (76.6%), and gynaecological services (15.4%) were the most commonly accessed services. Female corps members reported higher utilisation rates compared to males. This study provides baseline insights into healthcare service utilisation under the national health insurance programme among corps members in Rivers State and recommends further research to inform policy, improve programme effectiveness, and enhance healthcare delivery for corps members and the wider Nigerian population.

References:

[1].   National Youth Service Corps Act, 2004, Cap N84 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria.

[2].   National Youth Service Corps, 2021, Guidelines for mobilisation of graduates into national service [Internet]. Retrieved April 4, 2025, from https://www.nysc.gov.ng/mobguide.html

[3].   Marenin, O., 1990, Implementing deployment policies in the National Youth Service Corps of Nigeria: Goals and constraints. Comparative Political Studies, 22(4), 397–436.

[4].   National Youth Service Corps, 2022, The National Youth Service Year: An overview [Internet]. Retrieved April 4, 2025, from https://www.nysc.gov.ng/serviceyear.html

[5].   National Youth Service Corps, 2017, About the scheme [Internet]. Retrieved April 4, 2025, from https://www.nysc.gov.ng/serviceyear.html

[6].   National Youth Service Corps, 2017, Corps Welfare and Health Services Department [Internet]. Retrieved April 4, 2025, from https://www.nysc.gov.ng/cwi.html

[7].   National Youth Service Corps, 2022, Enrollment of corps members into NHIS–NYSC Group Individual Family Health Insurance Programme (GIFSHIP-n) [Internet]. Retrieved April 4, 2025, from https://www.nysc.gov.ng/nhis2.html

[8].   Daramola, O. E., & Awunor, N. S., 2023, Health insurance for National Youth Service Corps members: A step in the right direction for Nigeria, from policy to practice. Journal of Health Applied Sciences and Management, 7(1), 63–66.

[9].   The Whistler, 2023, 400,000 graduates participate in NYSC scheme annually – Official [Internet]. Retrieved April 4, 2025, from https://thewhistler.ng/nysc-400000-graduates-participate-in-scheme-annually-official/

[10].  National Telescope, 2023, NYSC enrolls 400,000 corps members annually – DG [Internet]. Retrieved April 4, 2025, from https://nationaltelescope.com/nysc-enrols-400000-corps-members-annually-dg /

[11].  Ngugi, A. K., Agoi, F., Mahoney, M. R., Lakhani, A., Mang'ong'o, D., Nderitu, E., et al., 2017, Utilisation of health services in a resource-limited rural area in Kenya: Prevalence and associated household-level factors. PLoS ONE, 12(2), e0172728.

[12].  Rivers State Government, 2022, [Internet]. Retrieved April 4, 2025, from https://www.riversstate.gov.ng/

[13].  City Population, 2022, Rivers State, Nigeria [Internet]. Retrieved April 4, 2025, from https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/NGA033__rivers/

[14].  Bolarinwa, O. A., 2020, Sample size estimation for health and social science researchers: The principles and considerations for different study designs. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 27, 67–75.

[15].  Michael, G. C., Grema, B. A., Aliyu, I., et al., 2020, Awareness, knowledge, and perception of the National Health Insurance Scheme among National Youth Service Corps members in Kano, Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Journal, 61(4), 201–205.

[16].  Emorinken, A., Aikhuomogbe, O., Eigbe, B., Usman, S., & Isuekebhor, C., 2022, Morbidity pattern at the National Youth Service Corps camps in Nigeria. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 9, 4384–4390.

[17].  Odega, C. C., & Mofolorunsho, K. C., 2020, Prevalence of ailments in a youth camp in southern Nigeria. Central African Journal of Public Health, 6(6), 346–350.

[18].  Amoko, A., Ayodapo, A. O., Dele, T. O., & Abitare, H., 2021, The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and associated factors among Nigerians newly posted for National Youth Service Corps programme in North-Western Nigeria. Research Journal of Health Sciences, 9(3), 236–244.

[19].  Daramola, O. E., Adesina, C. T., Abu, J. M., & Akande, T. M., 2019, Health services utilisation patterns among enrollees of the National Health Insurance Scheme at a tertiary health facility in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) – Abuja, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Medical Principles and Clinical Practice, 2(1), 25–32.

[20].  Daramola, O. E., Adesina, C. T., & Akande, T. M., 2019, Referral services under the National Health Insurance Scheme: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study in Abuja, Nigeria. World Journal of Innovative Research, 6(2), 134–138.

[21].  Ngo, A., Gandhi, P., & Miller, W. G., 2017, Frequency that laboratory tests influence medical decisions. Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, 1(4), 410–414.

[22].  Larson, D. B., & Langlotz, C. P., 2017, The role of radiology in the diagnostic process: Information, communication, and teamwork. American Journal of Roentgenology, 209(5), 992–1000.

[23].  Sule, S. T., Dieng, B., & Danmadami, A. M., 2023, Reproductive health issues of concern among Nigerians: An online survey. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 11(1), 104–110.

[24].  Ogedegbe, A. E., et al., 2025, Two decades of women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights in Nigeria: Successes, challenges, and opportunities. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 29(1), 25–37.

[25].  Ojo, T. O., Owoseni, M. O., Abiodun, O., Bamidele, E. F., Sodeinde, K., Ogunkoya, J. O., et al. 2022, A review of morbidity pattern among undergraduate law students that accessed healthcare at a private university clinic in South-west, Nigeria. Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, 34(1), 111–127.

Abstract:

West Demerara Regional Hospital has its fair share of mixed reactions to the public. This reaction ranges from complimentary feedback to complaints about the quality of care received at the institution, some of which have even reached the media. Patient experience is considered as one of the pillars of quality healthcare, along with patient safety and clinical outcomes. Providing feedback on the experience of patients and encouraging the healthcare team to address the identified problems, thus improving quality, is the best way to ensure that services meet objectives.

References:

[1].   Baldie, D. J., Entwistle, V., et al., Exploring the impact and use of patients’ feedback about their care experiences in general practice settings-a realist synthesis. Fam Pract 2018; 35:13–21. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmx067pmid: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28985368

[2].   Donabedian, A., The Lichfield lecture. quality assurance in health care: consumers' role. Qual Health Care 1992; 1:247- 51.doi: 10.1136/qshc.1.4.247pmid: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10136873

[3].   https://newsroom.gy/2019/04/25/father-blames-negligence-at-gphc-for-death-of-baby/

[4].   https://newsroom.gy/2017/09/13/negligence-at-gphc-almost-led-to-death-of-young- mother/

[5].   https://www.inewsguyana.com/former-patient-to-sue-gphc-claims-negligence/

[6].   Department of Health: Creating a Patient-led NHS, Delivering the NHS Improvement Plan. 2005, London: The Stationery Office

[7].   Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, and Institute of Medicine Staff. Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2001.

[8].   Coulter, A., Patient feedback for quality improvement in general practice: a mixed bag of poorly evaluated methods leaves patients frustrated, and doctors little wiser. BMJ 2016;352: i913.

[9].   Draper, M., Cohen, P., Buchan, H., Seeking consumer views: what use are results of hospital patient satisfaction surveys? Int J Qual Health Care. 2001; 13:463–8. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/13.6.463.

[10].     Edwards, A., Evans, R., White, P., Elwyn, G., Experiencing patient-experience surveys: a qualitative study of the accounts of GPs. Br J Gen Pract. 2011; 61:157–66. doi: 10.3399/bjgp11X567072

[11].     Kumah, E., Osei-Kesse, F., Anaba, C., Understanding and Using Patient Experience Feedback to Improve Health Care Quality: Systematic Review and Framework Development. J Patient Cent Res Rev. 2017;4(1):24-31. Published 2017 Jan 31. doi:10.17294/2330-0698.1416

[12].     https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/HospitalQualityInits/HospitalHCAHPS