Abstract:

Electronic Community Health Information System (e-CHIS) are increasingly adopted, However, evidence explaining the factors driving their initial uptake compared to those sustaining long-term use continues to be inadequate and neglects contextual nuances. This study explored the predictors of initial adoption and sustained use of e-CHIS among healthcare providers in Migori, with a focus on temporal variations in influencing factors and sub-county disparities, guided by the Technology Acceptance Mode (TAM). Cross-sectional design was employed. Quantitative data were obtained from 357 healthcare providers, complemented by qualitative insights from 14 key informant interviews and 25 focus group discussions. Binary logistic regression identified predictors of initial adoption, linear regression examined determinants of sustained use intention. The adoption rate was remarkably high (94.7%). A distinct temporal pattern was observed: Perceived Usefulness was the only significant psychological predictor of initial adoption (OR = 5.631, p = 0.008), though its internal consistency was modest (α = 0.552). In contrast, Perceived Ease of Use (B = 0.541, p < 0.001) was the strongest determinant of sustained use intention, explaining 71.9% of the variance. Social Influence predicted sustained use (p < 0.001) but not initial adoption (p = 0.089). Geographical disparities were the most powerful overall predictor, with providers in Nyatike over 14 times more likely to adopt e-CHIS (OR = 13.880, p = 0.019) than those in Awendo. Demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, and experience) were not significant predictors. The study calls for enhanced training, further research, and policy integration to strengthen e-CHIS adoption and sustainability in Migori.

References:

Abstract:

Maternal mortality remains a critical public health challenge in Nigeria, with a ratio exceeding 1,000 per 100,000 live births. Beyond timely access to care, health worker knowledge of maternal mortality causes and their clinical definitions is vital for accurate diagnosis, management, and surveillance. This study assessed health worker familiarity with clinical definitions of maternal death causes in Kaduna State and explored system-level influences. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 596 maternal healthcare providers across primary, secondary, and tertiary facilities, both public and private. Respondents included doctors, nurses/midwives, community health officers (CHOs), community health extension workers (CHEWs), and ancillary staff. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire capturing demographics, professional background, and self-reported familiarity with clinical definitions of maternal death causes. Analysis employed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression to examine associations with gender, cadre, education, facility type, and experience. Overall, 96.1% of participants reported familiarity with maternal death definitions. Postpartum hemorrhage (32%) and eclampsia (11%) were most frequently cited, followed by medical mismanagement (12%). Bivariate analysis showed no significant associations between familiarity and age, education, experience, cadre, or facility type. However, multivariable analysis identified male gender (aOR = 4.49; 95% CI: 1.07–18.9; p = 0.041) and CHO cadre (aOR ≈ 31.5; p = 0.017) as significant predictors. All doctors reported familiarity. In conclusion, maternal death cause familiarity is high across cadres and facilities in Kaduna. However, gender and cadre disparities highlight the need for equitable training opportunities, continuous capacity building, adequate resources, and strengthened surveillance systems to effectively reduce maternal mortality.

References:

Abstract:

Prenatal depression is a debilitating mental health condition that affects pregnant women globally and ranks as the third most prevalent condition in the world. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of prenatal depressive symptoms among pregnant women at a tertiary hospital in Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 230 pregnant women aged 15-49 years, who booked in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, had a single gestation, and had no previous or family history of mental health disorders or systemic illness, were recruited using systematic random sampling. Data was collected using a semi-structured, pre-tested, and validated interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The prevalence of antenatal depressive symptoms in this study was 6.5%. Factors associated with prenatal depression were level of education, religion, ethnicity, and history of miscarriage/abortion/stillbirth (p<0.05). This study highlights the need for routine mental health screening and support for pregnant women in tertiary antenatal care settings in Nigeria, particularly for those with identified risk factors. Further research using longitudinal designs and diagnostic tools is recommended to explore the complex interplay of sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychosocial factors that influence prenatal depression in this population.

References:

[1].   Sulyman, D., Aminu, M. B., Ayanda, K. A., Dattijo, L. M., 2021, Antepartum Depression among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 30(5):556–560.

[2].   Getinet, W., Amare, T., Boru, B., Shumet, S., Worku, W., Azale, T., 2018, Prevalence and Risk Factors for Antenatal Depression in Ethiopia: Systematic Review. Depression Research and Treatment, 2018(1):3649269. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3649269

[3].   Dadi, A. F., Wolde, H. F., Baraki, A. G., Akalu, T. Y., 2020, Epidemiology of Antenatal Depression in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1):1–13. Available from: https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-020-02929-5

[4].   Sergi, M. R., Saggino, A., Balsamo, M., Picconi, L., Anchora, L., Tommasi, M., 2024, Risk Factors of the Antenatal Depression in a Sample of Italian Pregnant Women: A Preliminary Study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 24(1):689.

[5].   Sheeba, B., Nath, A., Metgud, C. S., Krishna, M., Venkatesh, S., Vindhya, J., et al., 2019, Prenatal Depression and Its Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Bangalore: A Hospital-based Prevalence Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 7(APR).

[6].   Babandi, F., Habib, Z. G., Usman, U. M., Gudaji, M. I., Salihu, A. S., Habib, M. A., et al., 2023, A Comparison of Antenatal Depressive Disorders in Urban and Rural Pregnant Women in Nigeria. International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, 20(1):9–28.

[7].   Thompson, O., Ajayi, I. O., 2016, Prevalence of Antenatal Depression and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Abeokuta North Local Government Area, Nigeria. Depression Research and Treatment, 2016:1–7.

[8].   Eyong, E., Omoronyia, E. E., Eyong, M., Charles-Ugwuagbo, I., 2025, Predictors of Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in a Tertiary Hospital. Archives of Mental Health, 26(1):111–115. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390838398_Predictors_of_depression_among_pregnant_women_attending_antenatal_care_in_a_tertiary_hospital

[9].   Adeoye, I. A., Sogbesan, A., Esan, O., 2022, Prevalence, Associated Factors and Perinatal Outcomes of Antepartum Depression in Ibadan, Nigeria. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1):1–8. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359329610_Prevalence_associated_factors_and_perinatal_outcomes_of_antepartum_depression_in_Ibadan_Nigeria

[10].  Wegbom, A. I., Edet, C. K., Ogba, A. A., Osaro, B. O., Harry, A. M., Pepple, B. G., et al., 2023, Determinants of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Hospitals in Urban Centers, Nigeria. Women, 3(1):41–52. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4184/3/1/3

[11].  Tsakiridis, I., Bousi, V., Dagklis, T., Sardeli, C., Nikolopoulou, V., Papazisis, G., 2019, Epidemiology of Antenatal Depression among Women with High-Risk Pregnancies due to Obstetric Complications: A Scoping Review. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 300(4):849–859. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00404-019-05270-1

[12].  Reardon, D. C., 2024, Postpartum Psychiatric Episodes are Often Linked to Prior Abortions or Miscarriages, yet also Often Overlooked. Journal of Public Health and Emergency, 8(0). Available from: https://jphe.amegroups.org/article/view/10007/html

[13].  Saharoy, R., Potdukhe, A., Wanjari, M., Taksande, A. B., 2023, Postpartum Depression and Maternal Care: Exploring the Complex Effects on Mothers and Infants. Cureus, 15(7):e41381. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37546054

[14].  Koly, K. N., Baskin, C., Khanam, I., Rao, M., Rasheed, S., Law, G. R., et al., 2021, Educational and Training Interventions Aimed at Healthcare Workers in the Detection and Management of People with Mental Health Conditions in South and South-East Asia: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12:741328. Available from: www.frontiersin.org

[15].  Kirkwood, B. R., 2003, Essential Medical Statistics, 2nd ed. United Kingdom: Blackwell Science, pp. 420–421.

[16].  Levis, B., Negeri, Z., Sun, Y., Benedetti, A., Thombs, B. D., 2020, Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for Screening to Detect Major Depression among Pregnant and Postpartum Women: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data. BMJ, 371:m4022. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4022

[17].  Bawahab, J. A., Alahmadi, J. R., Ibrahim, A. M., 2017, Prevalence and Determinants of Antenatal Depression among Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 38(12):1237–1242. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29209674/

[18].  Jafri, S., Ali, M., Ali, R., Shaikh, S., Abid, M., 2017, Prevalence of Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Pakistan. Acta Psychopathologica, 3(5):1–6. Available from: https://www.primescholars.com/articles/prevalence-of-depression-among-pregnant-women-attending-antenatal-clinics-in-pakistan-104273.html

[19].  Oboro, O. F., Ebulue, V., Oboro, V. O., Ohenhen, V., Oyewole, A., Akindele, R., et al., 2022, The Magnitude and Determinants of Depressive Symptoms amongst Women in Early Pregnancy in Southern Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 2022:1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry

[20].  Akbari, V., Rahmatinejad, P., Shater, M. M., Vahedian, M., Khalajinia, Z., 2020, Investigation of the Relationship of Perceived Social Support and Spiritual Well-being with Postpartum Depression. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9:174. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7482628/

[21].  Shakeel, N., Eberhard-Gran, M., Sletner, L., Slinning, K., Martinsen, E. W., Holme, I., et al., 2015, A Prospective Cohort Study of Depression in Pregnancy, Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Multi-ethnic Population. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15(1):1–11. Available from: https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-014-0420-0

[22].  Sujan, A. C., Nance, N., Quesenberry, C., Ridout, K., Bhalala, M., Avalos, L. A., 2023, Racial and Ethnic Differences in Perinatal Depression and Anxiety. Journal of Affective Disorders, 334:297–301. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032723006080

Abstract:

Vaccine hesitancy remains a threat to public health stemming from low trust in health authorities. In Nigeria, historical events show how eroded trust undermines immunization efforts. This study assessed Nigerians’ trust in vaccine regulatory authorities and its relationship with vaccine confidence and uptake A cross-sectional survey of adults (≥18 y) was conducted across all six geopolitical zones. Mixed-mode data collection (60 % interviewer‐administered; 40 % online) yielded 289 valid responses from a stratified national sample. The questionnaire captured demographics, vaccination history, trust in institutions, exposure to misinformation, and confidence indicators. Descriptive statistics, χ² tests and multivariable logistic regression assessed links between trust and vaccination behaviours. Results indicate median age was 31 y; 58 % were women and 91 % had ≥secondary education. Overall, 83 % had been vaccinated previously and 81 % of parents reported fully immunised children. Two-thirds agreed that NAFDAC is competent and 65 % trusted NPHCDA’s programme management, yet only 42 % trusted the government’s general public-health handling. While 74 % believed vaccines greatly improve health, COVID-19 uptake remained low (50 % unvaccinated). High trust in NAFDAC correlated with strictly following recommended schedules (63 % vs 36 %, p<0.001) and higher COVID-19 vaccination (51 % vs 34 %, p<0.05). Trust in regulators independently predicted routine uptake (aOR≈2.2 per trust-scale point, p<0.001). This study noted that moderate trust in Nigerian regulators strongly influences vaccine confidence and real-world uptake. Policymakers should prioritise visible safety monitoring, clear communication and local forums that build institutional trust to boost national immunisation rates.

References:

[1].   Unfried, K., & Priebe, J., 2024, Vaccine hesitancy and trust in sub-Saharan Africa. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 10860, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61205-0

[2].   SAGE, 2014, Report of the SAGE Working Group on vaccine hesitancy, https://www.asset-scienceinsociety.eu/sites/default/files/sage_working_group_revised_report_vaccine_hesitancy.pdf

[3].   Abayomi, K. Q., 2024, Public trust and state management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Frontiers in Political Science, 6, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1334827

[4].   Jegede, A. S., 2007, What Led to the Nigerian Boycott of the Polio Vaccination Campaign?, PLoS Medicine, 4(3), e73, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040073

[5].   Addy, A., Brempong, P., Narh, M., Asamoah-Atakorah, S., Diebieri, M., & Mensah, G., 2024, Public health act and vaccine manufacturing in ghana. JL Pol’y & Globalization, 139(27), https://doi.org/10.7176/jlpg/139-05

[6].   Al-Mustapha, A. I., Okechukwu, O., Olayinka, A., Muhammed, O. R., Oyewo, M., Owoicho, S. A., et al., 2022, A national survey of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Nigeria. Vaccine, 40(33), 4726–4731, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.050

[7].   Olawa, B., Lawal, A., Odoh, I., Azikiwe, J., Olawole, A., Odusina, E., Ayodele, I., & Ajayi, O., 2023, Mistrust in government and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance in Nigeria: investigating the indirect roles of attitudes towards vaccination. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 98(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-023-00129-5

[8].   Kanu, N. M., Adeyeye, C. M., Abiola, V. O., Adekunle–Segun, O., Adegoke, E. M., A. Akapo, & Okezue, M. A., 2024, The safety, quality evaluation, and lot release of COVID-19 vaccines imported and used in Nigeria from March 2021 to March 2022. Discover Health Systems, 3(1), https://doi.org/10.1007/s44250-024-00080-y

[9].   Amodu, D., Ochuba, C. O., Badirudeen, I. T., & Ikeokwu, K. O., 2024, Vaccine inequalities, hesitancy, and media-focused public health interventions in English-speaking West-African Countries. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 23(1), 273–283, https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1944

[10].  Amuzie, C. I., Odini, F., Kalu, K. U., Izuka, M., Nwamoh, U., Emma-Ukaegbu, U., & Onyike, G. 2021, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers and its socio-demographic determinants in Abia State, South-East Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal, 40, https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2021.40.10.29816

[11].  Anuar, H., Shah, S., Gafor, H., Mahmood, I., & Ghazi, H., 2020, Usage of Health Belief Model (HBM) in Health Behavior: A Systematic Review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 16(SUPP11), 2636–9346, https://medic.upm.edu.my/upload/dokumen/2021010809001826_2020_0366_.pdf

[12].  Karimy, M., Bastami, F., Sharifat, R., Heydarabadi, A. B., Hatamzadeh, N., Pakpour, A. H., Cheraghian, B., et al., 2021, Factors related to preventive COVID-19 behaviors using health belief model among general population: a cross-sectional study in Iran. BMC Public Health, 21(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11983-3

[13].  Jennings, W., Stoker, G., Bunting, H., Valgarðsson, V. O., Gaskell, J., Devine, D., McKay, L., & Mills, M. C., 2021, Lack of Trust, Conspiracy Beliefs, and Social Media Use Predict COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccines, 9(6), 593, https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060593

[14].  Eguavoen, A., Larson, H., Chinye-Nwoko, F., & Ojeniyi, T., 2023, Reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and improving vaccine uptake in Nigeria. Journal of Public Health in Africa. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2290

[15].  Jennings, W., Valgarðsson, V., McKay, L., Stoker, G., Mello, E., & Muhammad Baniamin, H., 2023, Trust and vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national analysis. Vaccine: X, 14, 100299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100299

[16].  Pertwee, E., Simas, C., & Larson, H. J., 2022, An epidemic of uncertainty: rumors, conspiracy theories and vaccine hesitancy. Nature Medicine, 28(28), 456–459, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01728-z

[17].  Ahmad, S. I., Aliyu, H., Usman, R., Abubakar, A., Maijawa, M. A., Suleiman, B. A., et al., 2025, Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among household heads in northern Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 15(1), e083470, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083470

[18].  CMI. (2023, May 20). Vaccine hesitancy, institutional mistrust and corruption in sub-Saharan Africa: everything is connected. U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre. https://www.u4.no/blog/vaccine-hesitancy-institutional-mistrust-sub-saharan-africa

[19].  Ekwebelem, O. C., Nnorom-Dike, O. V., Aborode, A. T., Ekwebelem, N. C., Aleke, J. C., & Ofielu, E. S., 2021, Eradication of wild poliovirus in Nigeria: Lessons learnt. Public Health in Practice, 2(100144), 100144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100144

[20].  Ayodele, A. M., Fasasi, M. I., Uche, O. R., Ikemdinachi, N. G., & Ugochukwu, U. H., 2024, Factors associated with full childhood vaccination coverage among young mothers in northern nigeria. The Pan African Medical Journal, 47, https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2024.47.4.37517

[21].  Blendon, R. J., & Benson, J. M., 2022, Trust in Medicine, the Health System & Public Health. Daedalus, 151(4), 67–82, https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01944

Abstract:

In Nigeria, Plateau State, with its capital Jos Metropolis (JM), is one of 14 high Tuberculosis (TB) burden states with an increasing TB occurrence. There are no reported spatio-temporal studies from JM, therefore, it is not known how TB spatio-temporal clusters may impact TB transmission in JM. Spatio-temporal patterns of TB cases in JM were analysed in this study. Identifying such patterns may help towards the development of TB prevention and control strategies in the JM. Coordinates from Polling Unit Locator (PUL) at the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) website were used to geolocate TB cases to their nearest Polling Units within an Electoral Ward (EW). SaTScan software was used to identify space-time TB clusters through a retrospective space-time analysis based on the discrete Poisson model. The TB cases mapped were 4,897 over the study period (2019-2022). Three significant (primary) spatiotemporal TB clusters were identified, with one of them occurring within the 2021-2022 time period. Thirteen EWs were present within the primary cluster (LLR = 436.95, RR = 2.68 and P-value = 0.001). The clusters were located in the central areas of the northern parts of the JM. These spatio-temporal TB clusters can potentially serve as a source of further spread of TB infection and disease to other locations in JM. Due to the space-time nature of these clusters, timely and targeted interventions, particularly in the affected areas, are required to limit and prevent the further spread of TB within the Jos Metropolis.

References:

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[2].   KNCV Nigeria, 2023, Tuberculosis in Nigeria. Retrieved from https://kncvnigeria.org/nigeria-is-among-the-14-high-burden-countries-for-tb/

[3].   Ogbudebe, C., et al., 2023, Identifying Hot Spots of Tuberculosis in Nigeria Using an Early Warning Outbreak Recognition System: Retrospective Analysis of Implications for Active Case Finding Interventions. JMIR Public Health Surveill, 9, e40311, Doi: 10.2196/40311.

[4].   Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), 2019. Draft 2019 Annual TB Report. Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.ng/doc/Draft-2019-NTBLCP-Annual-report-22032020.pdf

[5].   National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer Control Programme (NTBLCP), 2023. Retrieved from https://ntblcp.org.ng/resources/2023-annual-tb-report/

[6].   Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), 2019, Draft 2019 Annual TB Report. Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.ng/doc/Draft-2019-NTBLCP-Annual-report-22032020.pdf

[7].   Plateau State Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (PLSTBLCP), 2019, Quarterly report on tuberculosis case finding. National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme.

[8].   World Health Organization (WHO), 2006, Building on and enhancing DOTS to meet the TB-related millennium development goals. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/69241/WHO_HTM_STB_2006.368_eng.pdf?sequence=1

[9].   World Health Organization (WHO), 2008, Implementing the WHO Stop TB Strategy, a handbook for national TB control programmes. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310745/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK310745.pdf

[10].  Teibo, T. K. A., Berra, T. Z., Alves, Y. M., Tavares, R. B. V., Olayemi, O. A., Arcêncio, R. A., 2025, Surveillance of tuberculosis incidence and mortality through spatio-temporal analysis in Oyo State, Nigeria. PloS one, 20(7), e0311739, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311739

[11].  Kefas, I. B., Isiko, I., Okoro, L. N., Isa, H., Asingwire, J. M., Manankong, J. P. I., et al., 2024, Spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis infection in Plateau State, Nigeria, A descriptive ecological study. Student’s Journal of Health Research Africa, 5(12), 13, https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i12.1413

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[20].  Dangisso, M. H., Datiko, D. G., Lindtjørn, B., 2015, Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Smear-Positive Tuberculosis in the Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia. PloS One, 10(6): e0126369, Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126369.

[21].  Tadesse, S., Enqueselassie, F., Hagos, S., 2018, Spatial and space-time clustering of tuberculosis in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia, PloS One, 13(6): e0198353. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198353

[22].  Asemahagn, M. A., Alene, G. D., Yimer, S. A., 2021, Spatial-temporal clustering of notified pulmonary tuberculosis and its predictors in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. PloS One, 16(1):e0245378, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245378

[23].  World Health Organisation (WHO), 2018, WHO Housing and health guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization, Licence:CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535289/

[24].  Lekwot, V. E., Yakubu, A. A., Kwesaba, D. A., Sahabo, A. A., 2015, An analysis of inner city decay, A study of some selected slums in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 4(2), 171–176.

[25].  Im, C., Kim Y., 2021, Spatial pattern of tuberculosis (TB) and related socio-environmental factors in South Korea, 2008-2016. PloS One, 16(8), e0255727, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255727

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Abstract:

The study examined kind of leadership style exhibited by church leaders in transforming society and church growth, and the relationship between leadership style and organisational/church commitment. With a sample size of 384 church members and a quantitative research approach, the findings of the study revealed that most church leaders tend to exhibit a servant leadership style, followed by transformational and then transactional leadership style. The argument that churches leaders tend to exhibit more of servant leadership can be based on the assertion that there is a strong resonance between the concept of servant leadership and the concepts of humility and service, which are often emphasised in religious teachings. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between church commitment and various leadership styles such as servant and transactional but insignificant relationship between church commitment and transformational leadership style. The study therefore recommends that church leaders should always see themselves as servant leaders and adopt rewards and motivation system to boost their subordinate’s commitment other than only compelling their subordinates to move along with their vision.

References:

Abstract:

This study, conducted from March to May 2025 in Mwanza, north-western Tanzania, assessed bacterial contamination, antimicrobial susceptibility, and drug resistance on frequently touched surfaces in public transport vehicles (hiaces). A cross-sectional study of 50 hiaces yielded 385 swab samples from surfaces like seat backs, handrails, and door handles, with data collected via driver questionnaires and analyzed microbiologically within two hours. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 266 samples (69.1%), predominantly coagulase-negative Staphylococci (26.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (24.8%), along with E. coli (14.6%), Enterococcus (8.6%), Klebsiella (8.0%), Salmonella and Shigella (6.1% each), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.1%). S. aureus showed high resistance to ampicillin (94.9%) and clindamycin (42.3%), while coagulase-negative Staphylococci exhibited greater resistance to oxacillin (67.9%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (82.0%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli was notably resistant to ampicillin (91.3%) and ceftriaxone (63.0%), while Klebsiella species demonstrated 100% resistance to ampicillin and substantial resistance to other antibiotics. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 43.6% of isolates, especially in 67.2% of Gram-negative bacteria, with Klebsiella and E. coli as the most frequent MDR pathogens. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 37.2% of S. aureus isolates and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers were found in 31% of Gram-negative isolates. Significant contamination factors included surface type, uncleanliness, and sampling time. The findings reveal high bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance in public transport, emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced hygiene and regular sanitation to reduce infection risks.

References:

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[3].   Schöll, M., et al., 2024, Bus Riding as Amplification Mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission, Germany, 2021,” Emerg. Infect. Dis, 30(4), pp. 711–720, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10977817/

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Abstract:

Burnout among healthcare workers continued to impact their health and productivity. This scoping review mapped and merged existing literature on burnout, work-related stress, and its factors among health professionals in non-governmental organizations(NGOs) in Nigeria. The implications and strategies for enhancing well-being were highlighted. This scoping review was conducted in five stages, and the report was aligned to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. Multiple databases were searched for English-language articles posted between January 2003 and December 2024. Studies were filtered based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected using a customized Excel-based table and analyzed thematically. Twenty-one studies were reviewed across five regions (Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Multiregional), with Nigerian studies representing 38%. Studies among the NGOs' health professionals were few. Most studies used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and a combination of tools to measure burnout. Our study showed that the distribution of Burnout in Nigeria varied by cadre and settings. The burnout prevalence among primary care physicians was 13.6% driven by emotional exhaustion, 45% in public state facilities in Delta, 75.5% among tertiary hospital physicians in South-East, and 85% among Nurses and healthcare workers in private hospitals in Abuja. The common causes were excessive workload, limited resources, overcommitment, understaffing, and inadequate support. Research on burnout among NGO healthcare workers in Nigeria remained limited. Focused studies are needed to expand the evidence base, guide targeted interventions, and promote supportive workplace policies to enhance staff wellbeing.

References:

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Abstract:

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental health condition that can affect a mother's motivation, confidence, and ability to sustain breastfeeding practices. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD among mothers attending a postnatal clinic in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and to examine the association between breastfeeding intention and PPD. A total of 149 postpartum women were recruited using systematic sampling. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The prevalence of PPD (EPDS ≥10) was found to be 6.7%. The majority of women (90.6%) expressed a strong intention to breastfeed. No significant association was observed between breastfeeding intention and PPD (p=0.599). However, marital status (p=0.023), average monthly income (p=0.044), and complications during the most recent pregnancy (p=0.037) showed significant associations with PPD. Women who were cohabiting, earning between ₦70,000 and ₦150,000, and those who experienced pregnancy complications had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating psychosocial and obstetric risk assessment into postnatal care and the need for further research to understand how social factors, economic pressures, and pregnancy experiences shape maternal mental health in the postpartum period.

References:

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Abstract:

Ethiopia is among the countries with a high burden of measles outbreaks. Moreover, studies investigating the burden of measles in Ethiopia, particularly those that systematically analyze measles cases at the subnational level and their determinants, are scarce. Hence, thirty years of measles data were extracted and evaluated from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify the overall burden of measles, including incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and temporal trends from 1990 onwards were analyzed. Subnational disparities in measles burden were assessed to identify high-burden areas requiring targeted interventions. Uncertainty in the estimates was quantified through 1,000 iterations of the model, producing 95% uncertainty intervals (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) for all metrics. Measles incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years were 709/100,000 (95% UI: 461.66-1017.29), 19/100,000 (95% UI: 12.65-27.87), 8/100,000 (95% UI: 4.28-14.35), and 728/100,000 (95% UI: 377.52-1264) in Ethiopia in 2021.Moreover, the national measles incidence rate decreased by 96% in 2021 compared to that of 1990. The measles burden was higher in the Afar, Somali, and Benishangul Gumuz regions and lower in Addis Ababa. After the introduction of the second dose of measles, there was a notable decrease in the burden. However, the measles burden remains substantial in Ethiopia, despite a notable decline over the past three decades. Therefore, our results suggest that there is an urgent need to improve measles vaccination service in Ethiopia, especially in high-burden regions.

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