Abstract:

Multi-morbidity can be defined as the simultaneous occurrence of two or more chronic health conditions in the same person, without defining a primary disease. Most health systems have prominently pure single disease outlook. In these settings, multimorbidity was found to be associated with suboptimal care, increased mortality, poor quality of life and an increased demand on healthcare utilization.

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Abstract:

The objective of this study was to compare the in-vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi to Chloramphenicol and leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera. The in-vitro effects of both substances were evaluated using ethanol, ether, hot and cold water extracts of the plants leaf. The hot and cold water extracts showed no activity against the organism while the organism was sensitive to the ethanol and ether extracts at concentrations of 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120mg/ml with zones of inhibition (mm) of 4.0, 4.0, 7.0, 9.0, 8.0and 4.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 8.0 respectively. The organism was also sensitive to two brands of chloramphenicol A and B with zones of inhibition 15.0, 13.0, 14.0, 23.0, and 25.0. 20.0, 18.0, 16.0, 21.0, and 20.0. Respectively at various concentrations. The findings from this study confirms that chloramphenicol has higher in-vitro activity against Salmonella typhias compared to the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera regardless of the method employed in the extraction process

Keywords: Salmonella typhi, Susceptibility, Leaf extracts, Medicinal plants, chloramphenicol, Moringa oleifera

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Abstract:

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Abstract:

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Abstract:

Accommodative facility refers to the speed in which the eye is able to change focus from one distance to another. Tennis is a dynamic sport in which the targets are focused at different distances. Therefore accommodative facility in tennis players and nonplayers has been compared. Thirty -two young male experienced tennis players and thirty- two male nonplayers (did not take part in any racket sports game) were evaluated. The accommodative facility was tested with accommodative flippers (+/–2.00 sphere lenses) binocularly. The subject having 6/6 monocular and binocular near acuity with habitual refractive correction was included in the study. Nonplayers of the same age and sex were included in the study. The mean value of the accommodative facility for the players was 11.92 cpm. The mean value of accommodative facility for the nonplayers was 6.66 cpm and the P value was 0.0005 so there were high statistical significant changes between tennis players and nonplayers. This result can be used to detect sports talents and for players with reduced accommodative facility, vision therapy can be used to improve their facility of ocular accommodation

Keywords: Accommodative facility, tennis players, accommodative flippers

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