Abstract:

This study was conducted to ascertain the relationship between work stress and job satisfaction among nurses in Federal Psychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State. Four research questions were raised and four hypotheses to give the study a sense of direction. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted and data collected through structured and validated questionnaire with high coefficient reliability of 0.86. Using a purposive sampling technique, all the 105 nurses in Federal Psychiatric Hospital were used for the study. Data collected were presented and analysed using frequency table, simple percentages, and weighted mean score. The hypotheses were tested using independent t-test with aid of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Findings revealed that there is significant relationship between working conditions regarding remuneration and availability of working resources; workload regarding attention to many patients; shift duty/long working hours; role conflict/ambiguity in tem of ambiguous organizational goals; and job satisfaction among psychiatric nurses in Federal Psychiatric Hospital, Calabar. This implies that nurses should ensure mutual relationship and understanding between in-mates, colleagues and management bodies enabling dialogue for good working condition and provision of tools. Following the findings, it was recommended among other things that; government should embark on recruitment of more male psychiatric nurses to relieve workload on nursing staff and increase nurse to patient ratio in the hospital for effective health care delivery.

Keywords: For the purpose of this study, these key terms are defined thus:

·     Work: The activities carried out by nurses in the clinical area which are aimed at providing nursing care for the patients.

·     Stress: Any work activity which has unpleasant emotional or physical effect on nurses.

·     Stressor: Any life event or work process that causes stress to a nurse. In this study, the stressors include: working conditions, workload, shift duty/long working hours, and role conflict/ambiguity.

·     Workload: The amount of work compared to the workforce.

References:

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[7].     Etim, J., Bassey P. & Ndep A. (2015). Work-related stress among health care workers in Ugep, Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. A study of sources, effects and coping strategies. International Journal of Public Health, Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. No. 7 pp. 23-34 assessed from www.Eajournals.org on 20/07/16.

[8].     Evans L. (2010). An exploration of district nurses perception of occupational stress. British Journal of Nursing Vol. 11 (8). Pp. 576-585. Assessed from www.google.com on 19/07/16.

[9].     Khamisa N., Oldenburg B., Peltzer K. & Iiiac D. (2015). Work related stress, Burnout, Job satisfaction and General Health of Nurses. International Journal of environmental research and public health. Vol. 12. Pp. 652-666 doi; 10.3390/yerph12000.652.

[10]. Klopper H., Coetzee S. & Bester P. (2012). Practice environment, job satisfaction and burnout of critical care nurses in South Africa, J. Nursing Management Vol. 20:685-695.

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[14]. Mathew, N. (2013). Effect of stress on job satisfaction among nurses in Cenral Kerala. Journal of Business and Management (ISOR-JBM) Vol. 7 (2): 47-51.

[15]. Muthukrishan, N. Sajimon M. & Chaubey D. (2011). Factors driving occupational stress of employers working in hospital in Dehradun. International Journal of Research in IT and Management: 61-77.

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[18]. Spector P. (2007). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes and consequences. London: Sage.

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Abstract:

The study was conducted with the intention to comprehensively identify the nurses and midwives’ perception about the benefits that motivate them for higher education and what ‘they perceive as the barriers faced’ to undertake higher studies. Many nurses would like to go for higher education, but some barriers were strong enough to stop them. Study intended to identify the barriers from their own perception. Survey method with structured questionnaire deployed for data collection. Quantitative and qualitative study design was employed for analysis. Survey on the RNs and RMs’ perception about the benefits of higher education and the barriers to higher education (HE), conducted on 450 multinational nurses and midwives in a multi-specialty hospital in Dubai during September 2018, showed numerical variables like age and years of professional experience are having a significant association with the interest to undertake higher studies. 82.5% of those with DHA experience (21-25 years) shown interest whereas only 30.2% of them with experience more than 26 years Dubai Health Authority (DHA) experience, showed interest. RNs and RMs in the younger age group 22-30 years (73.1%) showed a greater interest for higher studies. No Significant difference in ‘perception of interest to do higher studies’ was observed among nurses and midwives, based on their designation. 61.6% had interest for HE but barriers prevented 83.6% respondents from going for it.

Keywords: nurses’ higher education; higher education benefits; barriers.

References:

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[2].     Bahn, D. (2007). Orientation of nurses towards formal and informal learning: Motives and perceptions. Nurse Education Today, 27, 723–730.

[3].     Bell, S. A., Rominski, S., Bam, V., Donkor, E., & Lori, J. (2013). Analysis of nursing education in Ghana: Priorities for scaling-up the nursing workforce. Nurs Health Sci. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12026.

[4].     Broussard, L., & White, D. (2014). School nurse intention to pursue higher education. J Sch Nurs, 30(5), 340-348.

[5].     Cleary, M., Horsfall. J, Muthulakshmi. P., Happell. B., & Hunt, G. E. (2013). Career development: graduate nurse views. Journal of clinical nursing, 22(17-18), 2605-2613.

[6].     Davey, B., & Robinson, S. (2002). Taking a degree after qualifying as registered general nurses: Constraints and effects.Nurse Education Today,22, 624-631.

[7].     Danielson, E., & Berntsson, L. (2007). Registered nurses' perceptions of educational preparation for professional work and development in their profession. Nurse education today, 27(8), 900-908.

[8].     Delaney C., Piscopo B. (2004). RN-BSN programs: Associate degree and diploma nurses' perceptions of the benefits and barriers to returning to school. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 20 (4), 157-161.

[9].     Dianne Sheryl Watkins, Jane Louise Ryan. Reasons for application and expectations from a post registration degree: Views of Omani nurses and their managers. Published February 12,2015.

[10]. Fentahun, N., & Molla, A. (2012). Determinants of and opportunities for continuing education among health care professionals in public health care institutions in Jimma township, Southwest Ethiopia. Advances in medical education and practice, 3, 89-96.

[11]. Jukkala, A. M., Henly, S. J., & Lindeke, L. L. (2008). Rural perceptions of continuing professional education. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 39, 555-563.

[12]. Lin Muilenberg & Zane L Berge, Barriers to distance education: A factor analytic study. American Journal of Distance Education pg 7-22,

[13]. Volume 15,2001. Published online 24 Sept 2009.

[14]. Masselink, L. E., & Lee, S.-Y. D. (2010). Nurses, Inc.: expansion and commercialization of nursing education in the Philippines. Social science & medicine, 166-172.

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[16]. Mustafa, M. (2005). Barriers to higher education in nursing: Sindh, Pakistan. (Unpublished Master's thesis). Aga Khan University, Karachi.

[17]. Penz, K., D’Arcy, C., Stewart, N., Kosteniuk, J., Morgan, D., & Smith, (2007). Barriers to participation in continuing education activities among rural and remote nurses. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 38, 58-68.

[18]. Reilley J. (2003). The educational participation of female registered nurse baccalaureate student: Motivation, barriers, and persistence to complete the degree (Dissertation). Widener University, Chester, PA.

[19]. Spencer RL Nurses midwives and health visitors’ perception of the impact of higher education on clinical practice. Nursing Education Today.2006,45-53.

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Abstract:

There has been a near absent practice of specialized diabetic foot care observed in health institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study assessed the practice of diabetic foot care among 100 nurses in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and the Rivers State Hospitals Management Board Hospitals (which include General Hospitals from all the local government areas) in Rivers state, Nigeria before and after interventional training. A one-day hands-on training workshop on diabetic foot care, adopted from the National Institute for Healthcare Excellence (NICE), was implemented to train one hundred (100) nursing practitioners. A structured questionnaire on different aspects of diabetic foot care was interviewer-administered to the nurses and scored accordingly before and after the training. Practice of foot inspection, palpation, footwear assessment and assessment of patient’s capacity for self-care was found to be significantly low prior to training. An improvement in practice of the different aspects of diabetic foot care among the nurses after the intervention was observed. This buttresses the need for formal training of nursing practitioners on diabetic foot care for improvement of the quality of diabetes care in Rivers State, Nigeria

Keywords: Diabetes, Diabetic foot, Nurses, Rivers state.

References:

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[2].     Bakker K, Schaper NC. (2012) The development of global consensus guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 28: 116–118.

[3].     Berkhof M, Van Rijssen HJ, Schellart AJ, Anema JR, Van der Beek AJ. (2011). Effective training strategies for teaching communication skills to physicians: an overview of systematic reviews. Patient Educ Couns, 84(2):152–162

[4].     Bluestone G. T (2013). Effective in-service training design and delivery: evidence from an integrative literature review. Human Resources for Health. 11:51.

[5].     Desalu OO, Salawu FK, Jimoh AK, Adekoya AO, Busari OA, Olokoba AB. (2011) Diabetic foot care: Self-reported knowledge and practice among patients attending three tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Ghana Med J. 45(2): 60-65.

[6].     Dowsett, C. (2009). Use of time to improve community nurses’ wound care knowledge and practice. Wounds UK, 5, 14–21.

[7].     Dugdall, H., & Watson, R. (2009). What is the relationship between nurses’ attitude to evidence-based practice and the selection of wound care procedures? Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18, 1442–1450

[8].     Ekore R, Ajayi I, Arije A, (2010) Knowledge of and attitude to foot care amongst Type 2 diabetes patients attending a university-based primary care clinic in Nigeria. African Journal of Primary Health Care &Family Medicine. 2(1): 1-3.

[9].     Hasnain S, Sheikh NH. (2009). Knowledge and practices regarding foot care in diabetic patients visiting diabetic clinic in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. J Pak Med Assoc. 59(10): 687-90.

[10]. Jinadasa CVM, Jeewantha M. A. (2011). Study to determine the knowledge and practice of foot care in patients with chronic diabetic ulcers. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health. 3(1): 115-122

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[13]. Nuru, N., Zewdu, F., Amsalu, S., & Mehretie, Y. (2015). Knowledge and practice of nurses towards prevention of pressure ulcer and associated factors in Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BioMed Central Nursing, 14, 34 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-015-0076-8.x

[14]. Oseni, O. M., & Adejumo, P. O. (2014). Nurses’ reported practice and knowledge of wound assessment, assessment tools and documentation in a selected hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 43, 149–157.

[15]. Saleh, M. Y., Qaddumi, J. A., & Anthony, D. (2012). An interventional study on the effects of pressure ulcer education on Jordanian registered nurses’ knowledge and practice. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 2196–2206

[16]. Shaid NJ. Prevalence of lower extremity amputation among patients with diabetes mellitus: A 9-year review in Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah. Presented at the 5th Terengganu Scientific Conference. Malaysia, 2014

[17]. Stolt, M. Suhonen, R. Puukka, P. Viitanen, M. Voutilainen, P. and Leino-Kilpi, H. (2015). “Nurses’ knowledge of foot care in the context of home care: a cross-sectional correlational survey study,” Journal of Clinical Nursing. 24(19-20): 2916–2925.

Abstract:

This study was conducted to determine beliefs and perception of stroke among adults in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State. Four research questions were raised and one hypothesis formulated to direct the course of the study. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted and participants selected from five wards in the LGA using multi-stage sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire with high reliability coefficient. Data collected were presented and analyzed using frequency table, charts and simple percentages. Weighted mean scores were computed and used to decide whether or not item is significant based on cut-off weighted score of 3.0. Research hypothesis was tested using chi-square statistical analysis significant at 0.05. Findings revealed that people in the area significantly belief stroke is caused by witchcraft (3.94±1.16), and cause could be revealed by consulting traditional oracle (3.74±1.36). Significant belief exist that treatment is best offered by traditional healers (3.94±1.16); and cause is from curse from the gods and/or ancestors (3.15±1.28). Regarding religious beliefs, that lack of faith and trust in God is why people become sick with stroke (3.96±1.04); and that patients with stroke are possessed by the devil (3.05±1.34). Findings further revealed that there’s poor perception regarding stroke as influenced by individual characteristics like sex, age, ethnicity, religion and educational status. It was recommended that Government through Public Health Department should embark on enlightenment of public on clinical causes of stroke, need for regular blood pressure check, avoidance of stress and stress provoking situations.

Keywords: Stroke: A sudden clinical manifestation challenging cerebral functioning for a period more than 24 hours arising from interference in client’s normal vascular system.

Beliefs: This is an acceptance that something is true and real even without evidence and proof.

Perception: A way of regarding, understanding or interpreting something.

Adult: In the context of this study, adults refer to humans who are more but not less than 18 years of age.

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Abstract:

This study examined the types of stressors that Community Health Nurses at Tamale Teaching Hospital encounter in their work. The sample consisted of 95 Nurses drawn from six health facilities in Tamale. The instrument used in this research was a self-designed inventory. ANOVA and Independent Sample T Tests analyses were used to analyze the data. The responses of the Nurses revealed that gender did not have an influence on the workload. The Staff Nurses perceive more administrative stressors than the other ranks. Those with 1-2years had more environmental workload than the rest. It was also found that the Muslims had more administrative stress than the other religions. The Tamale Hospital had more logistics than the other facilities. The recommendations centered mainly on screening most Nurses with Stress Inventories and organizing stress management workshops for them. It was also recommended that this study be replicated in the other two regional hospitals in Upper East and Upper West in the country.

Keywords: Logistic stressors, TTH, Community health Nurses, Health facilities in Tamale.

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[20]. McGrath A, Reid N, Boore J. Occupational stress in nursing. Int J Nurs Stud. 2003;40(5):555–65.

[21]. Munro L, Rodwell J, Harding L. Assessing occupational stress in psychiatric nurses using the full job strain model: the value of social support to nurses. Int J Nurs Stud. 1998;35(6):339–45.

[22]. Nullis-Kapp C. Health worker shortage could derail development goals. Bull World Health Organ. 2005 Jan;83(1):5-6. Epub 2005 Jan 21.

[23]. Rowe MM, Sherlock H. Stress and verbal abuse in nursing: do burned out nurses eat their young? J Nurs Manage. 2005;13:242–8.

[24]. Selye H. The stress of life. New York: McGraw Hill; 1956.

[25]. Topf M. Personality hardiness, occupational stress, and burnout in critical care nurses. Res Nurs Health. 1989;12(3):179–86.

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[27]. Yom YH. Analysis of burnout and job satisfaction among nurses based on the Job Demand-Resource Model. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013 Dec;43(6):821.

Abstract:

It can be asserted that knowing where adolescents gain information about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines can be helpful in planning public health interventions aimed at promoting HPV vaccination. This study assessed the following: exposure to specific sources of information about HPV vaccines, self-reported helpfulness of these sources of information, and whether the specific source of information was linked to knowledge about HPV vaccine amongst adolescents. It was discovered that most of the adolescent’s access information about HPV from sources that included Media (Internet, TV, Radio, and Newspapers) and individual (Doctors/nurses, parents/guardians, teachers and peers). However, sources such as TV, Doctors/nurses and Radio were rated to be ineffective in disseminating information. It should be noted that in order to increase awareness of HPV and the vaccine, there is need to fully understand and utilise sources that adolescents are mostly in contact with and easily accessible. Such information sources greatly influence the decisions and actions that adolescents take in their life endeavours. Insufficient access to information about HPV and the vaccine will continue to contribute to the increase in cervical cancer cases in the country. Therefore, more effort is needed to ensure that the adolescents receive the information needed with regards to HPV vaccination.

Keywords: human papillomavirus vaccine, adolescents, knowledge, perceptions, information.

References:

[1].     Conroy K, Rosenthal SL, Zimet GD, Jin Y, Bernstein DI, Kahn JA. (2009). Human papillomavirus vaccine uptake, barriers to vaccination, and predictors of vaccination in young women. J Adolesc Health. 44:S13.

[2].     Dempsey, A.F., Abraham, L.M., Dalton, V., & Ruffin, M. (2009). Understanding the reasons why mothers do or do not have their adolescent daughters vaccinated against human papillomavirus. Annals of Epidemiology, 19(8), 531-538.

[3].     Dorell, C., Yankey, D. & Strasser, S. (2009). Parent-reported reasons for no receipt of recommended adolescent vaccinations, national immunization survey – teen, 2009. Clinical Pediatrics, 50(12).

[4].     Herbert NL, Gargano LM, Painter JE, et al (2013). Understanding reasons for participating in a school-based influenza vaccination program and decision-making dynamics among adolescents and parents. Health Educ Res. 2013; 28:663-672.

[5].     National Cancer Institute (NCI). (2005). Theory at a glance: A guide for health promotion practice [pdf]. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancer library/theory.pdf.

[6].     Thompson GN, Estabrooks CA, Degner LF. (2006). clarifying the concepts in knowledge transfer: a literature review. J Adv Nurs.; 53:691-701.

[7].     Wetzel C, Tissot A, Kollar LM, Hillard PA, Stone R, Kahn JA (2007). Development of an HPV educational protocol for adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 20:281-287.

[8].     World Health Organization, Key Facts, Human Papilloma (HPV) and Cervical Cancer, 15 February 2018. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-and-cervical-cancer.

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to identify the Contribution of Nursing Research to Nursing Administration and Organization in improving patients care among nurses at Consolata Hospital Chuka - Meru, Kenya. The researcher used a descriptive survey, study area being Consolata Hospital Chuka. The target population was composed of eighteen (18) nurses working at the hospital. Eighteen nurses were interviewed as represented by 77.8% (n=14) Registered Community Health Nurses at the diploma level, and 22.2% (n=4) Enrolled Community Health Nurses at the certificate level working in the Hospital. Inclusive criteria were all nurses who had completed two months working in the hospital. Questionnaires were used for data collection. Systematic sampling was adopted in selecting respondents and administering questionnaires. The quantitative data collection method was used and data analyzed through descriptive statistics such as mean, median and percentage to describe the results. Presentation of findings was done using frequency tables, pie charts, and a discussion. The results showed that 100% of the participants agreed that research contributes significantly to the improvement of patients care and 50% were convinced that research contributes much to the improvement of patient care and in administration at Consolata Hospital Chuka. Despite the fact that nursing research is significant in a healthcare organization, it requires a lot of interest and consideration. In addition, all the participants 100% (n=18) recommended Continuous Professional Development (CPD) and further research to be carried out regularly in order to equip nurses with the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to deal with patients.

Keywords: Nursing research, nursing administration, organization, patient care.

References:

[1].     Basavanthappa, B.T. (2004). Nursing Administration. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, Reprint.

[2].     Basavanthappa, B.T. (2007). Nursing Theories. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Publishers (P) Ltd, 2^nd ed.

[3].     Burns, Nancy; Grove, Basavanthappa, B.T. (2004). Nursing Administration. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers

[4].     Burns N. and Grove, S.K. 2009. The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence. Maryland Heights, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier.

[5].     Burns N. and Grove, S.K. 2011. Understanding Nursing Research ‑ Building an Evidence-based Practice (5th ed). Maryland Heights, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders.

[6].     Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Publications, Sage Incorporated.

[7].     Elliott, D., Aitken, L. and Chaboyer, W. 2012. ACCCN’s Critical Care Nursing. Chatswood, Sydney: Mosby Elsevier.

[8].     Joanna Briggs Institute. 2014. Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Retrieve from http://libguides.library.qut.edu.au/databases/jbi (accessed 18.09.14)

[9].     Moxham, L. 2012. Nurse Education, Research and Evidence-Based Practice. In A. Berman, S.J. Snyder, T. Levett‑ Jones, M. Hales, N.

[10]. Mugenda, O. M. and Mugenda, A. G. (2003). Research methods: quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi. Acts Press.

[11]. Mugenda and Mugenda, A. G. (2008). Research methods: quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi. Acts Press

[12]. Susan K. (2010). Understanding Nursing Research-eBook: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Amsterdam Elsevie Health Sciences.

[13]. Urden, L.D., Stacy, K.M. and Lough, M.E. 2014. Critical Care Nursing-Diagnosis and Management (7th ed). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier.

[14]. Wright, St Clair, V., Reid, D., Shaw, S. and Ramsbotham, J. 2014. Evidence-based Health Practice. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

Abstract:

The quality care concept in the health care delivery system continues to remain elusive and subjective despite many theories and models of nursing care provision that were developed many decades ago. Those endeavoring to understand and engage in quality improvements require an in-depth understanding of the various views from key stakeholders of the health care services. This particular survey focused on the aspect of nursing care recipients (novice student nurses) that were particularly engaged to solicit their views on the quality of the current nursing care services in the Zambian health care institutions. Respondents expressed their views as experienced in different institutions where they were attended to at one point in time. Aim: The study aimed at determining the novice student nurses’ perception of quality nursing care. Design: Purposive sampling of pre-nursing students was done to identify and select the appropriate sample to constitute the study. The total number of students sampled was sixteen and only eight returned the questionnaires. The apparently apathetic low response by the respondents could be attributed to the coinciding of the data collection and the end of term final examinations. Tools: A self-administered structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data. Ethical considerations: Permission was sort from Rusangu administration to conduct this study and an informed consent was given to each participant to sign before engaging them in the study. The purpose and objectives of the study were explained to the participants before carrying out the study. Results: Results indicated that 62% of the respondents did not approve of the quality of care they received from the nurses during their encounter with the health care system. The respondents listed elements which they thought could have constituted their care at the time of their last encounter with the nursing services at the hospital. They preferred to be treated in a holistic and individualized approach characterized by respect, love, kindness, good communication, trusting relationship, good interpersonal relationship, in a clean environment and being nursed by staff who engaged in continuing education. Recommendations: Study should be conducted at a larger scale to enable generalization of results and there was need to conduct a comparative study of both the health care provider’s and client perspective of quality care provision so that the two views would guide the development of a care framework.

Keywords: Quality, nursing, caring, novice, perspective.

References:

[1].     Ayyub R., Kanji Z., Dias J., Roshan R., (2015) Perceptions of Patients Regarding Quality Nursing Care (QNC) at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. J Clin Res Bioeth 6:254. doi: 10.4172/2155-9627.1000254 https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/perceptions-of-patients-regarding-quality-nursing-care-qnc-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-karachi-pakistan-2155-9627-1000254.php?aid=65338

[2].     Burns N., and Grove S., (2001), The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique, and Utilization. 5th edition. Elsevier, Saunders. USA

[3].     Elewa A. H., Etway E.A. and Guindy H. A., (2016), Nursing Interns’ Perception Regarding Patients’ Rights and Patients’ Advocacy. SOJ Nursing and Health Care, volume 2, Issue No 3, pages 1-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2471-6529/2/3/00123 https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/nursing-healthcare/nursing-health-care23.php

[4].     Forsberg A., Vikman I., Walivaara B., & Engstrom Å., (2015), Patients' Perceptions of Quality of Care During the Peri-operative Procedure. Journal of Peri-Anesthesia Nursing. Volume 30, Issue No 4, pages 280–289. DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2014.05.012 https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00062704-201508000-00008&isFromRelatedArticle=Y

[5].     Gonzalo, A., (2011), Theoretical Foundations of Nursing. Florence Nightingale: Notes on Nursing

[6].     Izumi S., Baggs J. G., and Knafl K. A., (2010) Quality Nursing Care for Hospitalized Patients with Advanced Illness: Concept Development., Res Nurs Health. 33(4): 299–315. doi: 10.1002/nur.20391 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241609/

[7].     Kombo K.D, and Tromp A.L.D., (2016), Proposal and Thesis writing – An introduction. Paulines publications Africa.

[8].     Kapborg I, and Berterö C., (2003), The phenomenon of caring from the novice student nurse's perspective: a qualitative content analysis. IntNurs Rev. 2003 Sep;50(3):183-92. PMID:12930287 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12930287

[9].     Levine R., Shore K., Lubalin J., Garfinkel S., Hurtado M., Carman K., (2012); Comparing physician and patient perceptions of quality in ambulatory care, International Journal for Quality in Health Care, Volume 24, Issue No. 4, Pages 348–356, https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzs023 https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article/24/4/348/1795027

[10]. Nursing times (2008 – 3 March), Why are there so few men in Nursing. https://www.nursingtimes.net/why-are-there-so-few-men-in-nursing/849269.article

[11]. Ryan C., et al (2017) Nurses' Perceptions of Quality Care. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, volume 32, Issue No 2, pages 180–185. DOI: 10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000211

[12]. Rachel Williams (2017 Wed – 1 March); Why are there so few male nurses? Nursing in focus, Health care network. The Weekly Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/healthcare-network/2017/mar/01/why-so-few-male-nurses

[13]. Schneider Z., Elliot D., LoBiondo-Wood G., and Haber J., (2005), Nursing Research: Methods, Critical Appraisal and Utilization. 2nd Edition. Mosby. London- UK

[14]. Watson J., (2010), Watson Theory of Human Caring, Core-Concepts and evolution to Caritas process. Caring Science Institute

https://int.search.tb.ask.com/search/GGmain.jhtml?searchfor=views+about+caring+by+nursing+theorists&n=&p2=%5EYP%5Exdm031%5EYYA%5Ezm&ptb=D0A81A44-0AD0-40E6-A249-7074E5737A08&qs=&si=CLfnkbSuj8sCFXMz0wodfNgE7A&ss=sub&st=hp&trs=wtt&tpr=sbt&ts=1518145052932

[15]. Wilkes L. M., andWallis M.C., (1998), A model of professional nurse caring: nursing students' experience. J AdvNurs. 1998 Mar; 27 (3):582-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9543045

[16]. Williams S. A., (1998), Quality and Care: Patients' Perceptions. Journal of Nursing Care Quality. Volume 12, Issue No. 6, pages 18 – 25. https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=9682568

Abstract:

The healthcare system refers to the way of treatment and policy which more than just medicine and doctors. In this regard, the developed nations rely on traditional medicine health care system model which engages doctors, nursing staff, pharmacists, and healthcare experts and professionals to deliver medicines and surgeries to provide individuals with health care services. Holistic medication or Naturopathic emphasizes the overall wellbeing and treatment of an individual. The developed countries invest a reasonable amount of their budget to their healthcare system. However, the developing and underdeveloped countries lack resources as compared to developing nations. As a result of inadequate resources, the developing and underdeveloped nations do not allocate required resources in their health sector which affects the overall health of the population at large scale regarding life expectancy, infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, prevention against diseases, and the crude death rate.

References:

[1].Acharya, B., Maru, D., Schwarz, R., Citrin, D., Tenpa, J., Hirachan, S., ... & Kohrt, B. (2017). Partnerships in mental health care service delivery in low-resource settings: developing an innovative network in rural Nepal. Globalization and health, 13(1), 2.

[2].Akay, M., & Tamura, T. (2015). Global Healthcare: Advances and Challenges [Scanning the Issue]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 103(2), 147-149.

[3].Bai, Y., Shi, C., Li, X., & Liu, F. (2012). Healthcare system in Singapore. USA: Columbia University.

[4].Busse, H., Aboneh, E. A., & Tefera, G. (2014). Learning from developing countries in strengthening health systems: an evaluation of personal and professional impact among global health volunteers at Addis Ababa University’s Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (Ethiopia). Globalization and health, 10(1), 64.

[5].Duckett, S., & Willcox, S. (2015). The Australian health care system (No. Ed. 5). Oxford University Press.

[6].Gatrell, A. C., & Elliott, S. J. (2014). Geographies of health: An introduction. John Wiley & Sons.

[7].Health Care Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries | NEJM. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1110897

[8].Ketelhöhn, N., & Sanz, L. (2016). Healthcare management priorities in Latin America: Framework and responses. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), 3835-3838.

[9].Khoo, H. S., Lim, Y. W., & Vrijhoef, H. J. (2014). Primary health care system and practice characteristics in Singapore. Asia Pacific family medicine, 13(1), 8.

[10]. Kieny, M. P., Evans, D. B., Schmets, G., & Kadandale, S. (2014). Health-system resilience: reflections on the Ebola crisis in western Africa.

[11]. Olivier, J., Tsimpo, C., Gemignani, R., Shojo, M., Coulombe, H., Dimmock, F., ... & Haakenstad, A. (2015). Understanding the roles of faith-based health-care providers in Africa: the review of the evidence with a focus on the magnitude, reach, cost, and satisfaction. The Lancet, 386(10005), 1765-1775.

[12]. Primeau, M. S. (2016). Perspectives on Global Healthcare. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 30(2), 125-127.

[13]. Marvin, W. F., & Seib, C. D. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 9,020,826. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

[14]. Mossialos, E., Wenzl, M., Osborn, R., & Sarnak, D. (2016). 2015 international profiles of health care systems. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health.

[15]. Squires, D., & Anderson, C. (2015). US health care from a global perspective: spending, use of services, prices, and health in 13 countries. The Commonwealth Fund, 15, 1-16.

[16]. Stoddart, G. L., & Evans, R. G. (2017). Producing health, consuming health care. In Why are some people healthy and others not? (pp. 27-64). Routledge.

[17]. Van Der Wees, P. J., Nijhuis‐Van Der Sanden, M. W., Ayanian, J. Z., Black, N., Westert, G. P., & Schneider, E. C. (2014). Integrating the Use of Patient‐Reported Outcomes for Both Clinical Practice and Performance Measurement: Views of Experts from 3 Countries. The Milbank Quarterly, 92(4), 754-775.

[18]. Vázquez, M. L., Vargas, I., Unger, J. P., De Paepe, P., Mogollón-Pérez, A. S., Samico, I., ... & Bertolotto, F. (2015). Evaluating the effectiveness of care integration strategies in different healthcare systems in Latin America: the EQUITY-LA II quasi-experimental study protocol. BMJ open, 5(7), e007037.

[19]. Wilson, M., Sleutel, M., Newcomb, P., Behan, D., Walsh, J., Wells, J. N., & Baldwin, K. M. (2015). Empowering Nurses with Evidence‐Based Practice Environments: Surveying Magnet®, Pathway to Excellence®, and Non‐Magnet Facilities in One Healthcare System. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 12(1), 12-21.

[20]. Zhang, P., Zhang, X., Brown, J., Vistisen, D., Sicree, R., Shaw, J., & Nichols, G. (2010). Global healthcare expenditure on diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 87(3), 293-301.

Abstract:

Background: Obesity is a predictive factor for medical disorders like raised blood pressure, diabetes, hypercholesteremia among others. The prevalence of obesity in Nigeria is said to range from 8.1% to 22.2%. This study aims to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity and its association with pre-hypertension, hypertension, proteinuria among staff of Lautech Teaching hospital responded to annual medical check-up during this years' world kidney day.

Methodology: Consenting volunteers across all departments/units of the hospital were invited via formal letter written to participate in the annual medical check-up to commemorate world kidney day at LTH organized by the renal unit of the hospital. Relevant data including age, sex and department of participants were documented.

Data were entered onto SPSS version 18 and descriptive analysis done to determine mean, standard deviation and percentages of continuous variables.

Findings: Females formed bulk 81.9% of the 343 participants.

Administrative staff were also more likely to have abnormal weight and blood pressure compared to professionals.

Discussion: Obesity was commoner among females and staff who were older than 35 years and this is in agreement with findings of previous researchers.

Recommendation: Annual medical check-up especially among staff over age 34 year should be encouraged

Keywords: Obesity, Blood pressure, Prevalence, Proteinuria, Lautech Staff.

References:

[1].     Adedoyin RA, Mbada CE, Balogun MO, Adebayo RA, Martins T, Ismail S. Obesity prevalence in adult residents of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Nig Q J Hosp Med 2009; 19:63–68.

[2].     Agyemang Charles, Grace Frempong, Sandra Boatemaa. Obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa. In book: Metabolic Syndrome, Publisher: Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Editors: Rexford Ahima, pp.13 pages. 2015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12125-3_5-1

[3].     Amira C.O1, Sokunbi D.O.B, Sokunbi A. The prevalence of obesity and its relationship with hypertension in an urban community: Data from world kidney day screening programme

[4].     Bakari AG, Onyemelukwe GC, Sani BG, Aliyu IS, Hassan SS, Aliyu TM. Obesity, overweight and underweight in suburban northern Nigeria. Int J Diabetes Metabolism 2007; 15:68–69.

[5].     Bello BT, Amira CO, Braimoh RW, Nwizu CC. Obesity among adult Nigerians: Relationship with blood pressure, blood sugar, and proteinuria. Saudi J Obesity 2016; 4:68-74.

[6].     Cynthia L. Ogden, Margaret D. Carroll, Brian K. Kit, et al. Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012

[7].     Diaz M. Hypertension and obesity. J Human Hypertens. 2002; 16:S18 -S22.

[8].     Flegal KM, Caroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999 – 2008. JAMA 2010; 303:235-241

[9].     Innocent Ijezie Chukwuonye, Abali Chuku, Collins John, Kenneth Arinze Ohagwu. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adult Nigerians – a systematic review Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2013; 6()43-47 doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S38626

[10]. Int J Med Biomed Res 2012;1(2):104-110

[11]. International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research Volume 1 Issue 2 May – August 2012 www.ijmbr.com © Michael Joanna Publications Original Article

[12]. JAMA. 2014;311(8):806-814. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.732

[13]. Lee SH, Kim YS, Sunwoo S, Huh BY. A Retrospective Cohort Study on Obesity and Hypertension Risk among Korean Adults. J Korean Med Sci 2005; 20:188-195.

[14]. M Alqarni SS (2016) A Review of Prevalence of Obesity in Saudi Arabia. J Obes Eat Disord 2:2. doi: 10.21767/2471-8203.100025

[15]. Puepet FH, Zoakah AL, Chuhwak EK. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban Nigeria adults in Jos. Highland Medical Research Journal 2002; 1:13–16.

[16].Toryila JE, Mohammed A, Adelaye AB, Achie LN, Tende JA. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among civil servants in Zaria, Nigeria. Int Jor P App Scs 2009; 3:60–65.

Abstract:

Cholecystitis is a common disorder in Pakistani population which affects the life of individual, pre and post operatively. Repeated pain episodes cause frequent visit to the emergency reception and repeated hospital admissions for symptomatic treatment, until individual decides for the gall bladder surgery. Cholecystectomy is the most common surgical treatments for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. This phenomenological study was conducted to get a deep understanding of patients’ perceptions and experiences about the disease and treatment. Ten women and 6 men were scheduled for collecting data. All were explained about the purpose of study and an interview guide was developed containing only two questions. Same questions were sent to health care professionals as an opinionnaire. The answers and responses were categorized in four main themes by using qualitative software NVIVO. These four themes describe the patient’s feelings toward their cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy experiences. The patient’s themes indicated they were consumed with feelings of: (a) Fear of large scar vs Blind holes over entire abdomen (b) Pain Perception & Pain Experiences (c) Certainty vs Uncertainty (d) Yearning for speedy recovery. The mentioned findings revealed that individuals with gallstone disease experience, expressed their feelings of fear of large scar at gall bladder area, or afraid of making four holes over entire abdomen. The perception of pain was found equal in both surgeries, fewer reported less pain in Kocher incision and fewer reported infection in one or two of the four holes on the abdomen. Uncertainty was found more health care professionals vs laymen and women. Some participants responded that laparoscopic surgery was opted due to less length of stay in the hospital.

References:

[1].     Aly S, and Hokkam E.N, (2014) Operative Outcome and Patient Satisfaction in Early and Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: Minimally Invasive Surgery Published online 2014 Aug 14. doi: [10.1155/2014/162643].

[2].     Anwar HA, Ahmed QA, Bradpiece HA. Removing symptomatic gallstones at their first emergency presentation. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2008; 90:394– 397.10.1308/003588408X301037 [PubMed: 18634735].

[3].     Barthelsson C, Lützén K, Anderberg B, Nordström G. Patients’ experiences of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in day surgery. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2003; 12:253–259.10.1046/j. 1365-2702.2003.00699.x [PubMed: 12603558].

[4].     Branum, G and et al. (2015) Management of major biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Annals of Surgery, 217(5): 532–541.

[5].     Costa MJ. The lived perioperative experience of ambulatory surgery patients. Association of Operation Room Nurse Journal. 2001; 74:874–881.10.1016/S0001-2092(06)61505-6.

[6].     Creswell, JW. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2007.

[7].     Elwood DR. Cholecystitis. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2008; 88:1241–1252.10.1016/j.suc. 2008.07.008 [PubMed: 18992593].

[8].     Ene KW, Nordberg G, Bergh I, Johansson FG, Sjöström B. Postoperative pain management – The influence of surgical ward nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2008; 17:2042–2050.10.1111/j. 1365-2702.2008.02278.x [PubMed: 18705781] Ferrell BR.

[9].     Ferrell BR, Rhiner M, Cohen MZ, Grant M. Pain as a metaphor for illness. Part I: Impact of cancer pain on family caregivers. Oncology Nursing Forum. 1991; 18:1303–1309. [PubMed: 1762971].

[10]. Gangemi, A. Danilkowics, R, Elli FE, Bianco, F, Masrur M, Giulianotti P.C (2016) Could ICG-aided robotic cholecystectomy reduce the rate of open conversion reported with laparoscopic approach? A head to head comparison of the largest single institution studies. Journal of Robotic Surgery: (1):77-82. doi: 10.1007/s11701-016-0624-6.

[11]. Gustavsson M, Ung K, Nilsson Å, Ung EJ. Patients’ experiences of gallstone disease. Gastrointestinal Nursing. 2011; 9:23–27.

[12]. Halpin V, Gupta A. Acute cholecystitis. Clinical Evidence. 2011; 12:1–24.

[13]. Keus F, de Vries J, Gooszen HG, van Laarhoven CJ. Assessing factors influencing return back to work after cholecystectomy: A qualitative research. BMC Gastroenterology. 2010; 10:1– 7.10.1186/1471-230X-10-12 [PubMed: 20064220].

[14]. Kleinbeck SV, Hoffart N. Outpatient recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Association of Operation Room Nurse Journal. 1994; 60:394, 397-8–401-2.10.1016/S0966-6532(97)89248-7.

[15]. Koirala, U & et. al. (2011) Biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Journal of Nepal Health Research Council: (1): 38- 43.

[16]. Lauterbach, SS. Meanings in mothers’ experience with infant death: Three phenomenological inquiries: In another world; five years later; and what forever means. In: Munhall, PL., editor. Nursing research: A qualitative perspective. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett; 2007. p. 211-238.

[17]. Rao, A, and et al. (2017) Safety of outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elderly: analysis of 15,248 patients using the NSQIP database. Journal of the American College of Surgeons: 217(6):1038-43.

[18]. Rhiner M, Cohen MZ, Grant M. Pain as a metaphor for illness. Part I: Impact of cancer pain on family caregivers. Oncology Nursing Forum. 1991; 18:1303–1309. [PubMed: 1762971].

[19]. Rubert, C.P, Higa, R.A. and Farias, F.V (2016) Comparison between open and laparoscopic elective cholecystectomy in elderly, in a teaching hospital. doi: 10.1590/0100-69912016001002.43(1):2-5.

[20]. Stinton LM, Myers RP, Shaffer EA. Epidemiology of gallstones. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 2010; 39:157–169.10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.003 [PubMed: 20478480].

[21]. Wolf AS, Nijsse BA, Sokal SM, Chang Y, Berger DL. Surgical outcomes of open cholecystectomy in the laparoscopic era. The American Journal of Surgery. 2009; 197:781–784.10.1016/j.amjsurg. 2008.05.010.

Abstract:

A study “To assess the quality of life of thalassemic children and to seek its association with selected factors with a view to evaluate the effectiveness of health care package in terms of knowledge for the parents on care of thalassemic children in selected hospital of Delhi”.

The objectives of the study were to (1) assess the quality of life of thalassemic children (2) identify the factors associated with quality of life of thalassemia- general health, physical functioning, behavioral functioning, social and family functioning, emotional functioning, cognitive functioning (3) seek the relationship between selected demographic factors and quality of life of thalassemia –age ,sex, educational status of children, duration of illness of children, type of family, area, number of transfusions, number of affected siblings, Hb % level, parents occupation, parents income (4) develop health care package for parents on care of thalassemic children. (5) assess the effectiveness of health care package for parents on care of thalassemic children before and after giving pretest and post-test.

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