Access to Support Services and Mental Health Consequences of Gender-Based Violence among Sex Workers in Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract:
Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a significant public health and human rights challenge globally, with sex workers disproportionately affected due to criminalization, stigma, economic vulnerability, and social exclusion. This study assessed access to support services and the mental health consequences of GBV among sex workers in Abuja, Nigeria. A mixed-methods comparative cross-sectional study involving 455 sex workers was conducted across Abuja Municipal Area Council, Bwari, and Gwagwalada. Quantitative data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires, while qualitative insights were obtained through focus group discussions. Findings revealed that although awareness of healthcare and legal support services was relatively high, actual utilization remained poor due to fear of arrest, stigma, discrimination, financial barriers, lack of confidentiality, and mistrust of law enforcement agencies. Respondents reported high levels of anxiety, depression, emotional trauma, fear, and post-traumatic stress disorder associated with repeated exposure to violence. Qualitative findings highlighted persistent psychological distress, social isolation, and discrimination within healthcare institutions. Criminalization of sex work and structural inequalities significantly contributed to poor mental health outcomes and limited healthcare utilization. The study concludes that GBV among sex workers in Abuja has profound psychosocial consequences and that existing support systems remain inadequate. Comprehensive interventions including trauma-informed mental health services, stigma reduction, legal reforms, and survivor-centered healthcare approaches are urgently needed.References:
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