Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Workers towards Antimicrobial Resistance in Secondary Healthcare Facilities in South West Nigeria
Abstract:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health challenge that disproportionately burdens low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a pivotal role in both AMR propagation and control. This cross-sectional study assessed AMR knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among 329 HCWs in selected secondary health facilities across six South West Nigerian states. A structured, self-administered questionnaire captured composite AMR knowledge and attitude scores, and key AMR practice behaviours. Chi-square tests and Pearson correlation were applied at p < 0.05. Overall, 74.8% of respondents demonstrated adequate AMR knowledge (mean score: 12.86 ± 2.67; range: 4–17). Laboratory scientists (13.42 ± 2.43) and pharmacists (13.34 ± 2.16) recorded the highest mean knowledge scores; nurses scored the lowest (12.50 ±2.76). AMR knowledge adequacy differed significantly by professional designation (χ² = 9.58, p = 0.023) and state (χ² = 40.72, p < 0.001). Positive AMR attitude was recorded in 57.1% of respondents (mean score: 50.53 ± 4.15). AMR attitude was significantly associated with professional designation (χ² = 9.15, p = 0.027). Practice gaps were prominent: 40.4% purchased antibiotics over the counter without a prescription, 73.6% reported stopping antibiotic courses when they felt better, and 73.6% kept leftover antibiotics for future use. Despite adequate knowledge, critical AMR practice deficits persist among South West Nigerian secondary HCWs. Targeted antibiotic stewardship programmes, integrated IPC–AMR training, and strengthened diagnostic infrastructure are urgently needed.References:
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