Adolescent Nutrition Surveillance in Africa: Addressing the Triple Burden of Malnutrition Through Stronger Health Information Systems
Abstract:
Adolescence represents a critical stage of human development characterized by rapid physical growth and increased nutritional requirements. However, adolescents remain underrepresented in nutrition surveillance systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the burden of malnutrition remains high. This study aimed to examine the current state of adolescent nutrition surveillance and identify key gaps in existing data systems that limit evidence-based policy and programming. We conducted a narrative literature review and policy analysis using scientific publications and authoritative institutional reports published between 2000 and 2025. Data sources included peer-reviewed journals and reports from major global health organizations. The analysis focused on measuring adolescent nutritional indicators and integrating these indicators into national health information systems. The findings reveal that current surveillance systems largely prioritize children under five years of age and women of reproductive age, leaving adolescents underrepresented in routine monitoring systems. Existing data sources, including household surveys and school-based health surveys, provide only partial and irregular information on adolescent nutritional status. Furthermore, adolescents are increasingly affected by the triple burden of malnutrition, including undernutrition, overweight and obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies such as anaemia. Strengthening adolescent nutrition surveillance by integrating standardized indicators into national health information systems is essential to support evidence-based decision-making, guide targeted interventions, and improve long-term health outcomes for adolescents.References:
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