Abstract:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infection is characterized by several malfunctions, including severe pulmonary disorders. Other metabolic consequences of SARS-CoV-2-infection have not been clearly defined. The present study assessed the status of blood gases, calcium metabolism, and electrolytes in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. One hundred and thirty-four newly diagnosed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients (age ranged 65-82years) attending Mullingar Regional Hospital, Republic of Ireland, participated in this study. They all had pulmonary disorders, pyrexia, body pains, etc. SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed in all patients using the RT-PCR molecular test method. The data of another 121 plasma samples of apparently normal, non-SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals taken before the emergence of Covid-19 served as controls. Levels of partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂), saturated oxygen (SatO₂), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂), and ionized calcium (Ca²⁺) were determined in all participants using the potentiometric method in RAPIDPOINT 500 Blood Gases System. Plasma vitamin-D was determined by immune enzymatically technique using DXi 800 Access Immunoassay System. Total calcium, phosphate, albumin, magnesium, and electrolytes were determined by the photometric method using Beckman Au680- Chemistry Analyzer. The results showed significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of pCO₂ and HCO₃^- in COVID-19-patients compared to controls. Significantly(p<0.05) lower levels of pO₂, SatO₂, pH, K⁺, albumin, total-calcium, Ca²⁺, magnesium, and vitamin-D were observed in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Corrected calcium, PO₄^-, Na+, and Cl^- levels did not show significant (p>0.05) changes in the COVID-19-patients compared to controls. Abnormal blood gases, acidosis, hypomagnesaemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypovitaminosis D and calcium metabolic disorders could be features of COVID-19-disease.

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Abstract:

Enuresis is defined in many different ways, but the common thread to all involves a lack of bladder control after 5 years of age, an age when most children would be expected to have achieved bladder control. Nocturnal enuresis is best regarded as a condition with different etiologies. Many aetiological theories have been proposed, with the cause of nocturnal enuresis now regarded as heterogeneous. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study of primary school children aged between 6-12 years. The study was conducted in Borno State in the northeastern part of Nigeria, West Africa. The sample size is 560, with 260(52.1%) males and 239 (47.9%) females. The ages of the respondents ranged from 6 to 12 years, with a mean age of 9.47 years and a Standard Deviation (SD) of ±1.85. Nine variables, namely age, gender, home environment, maternal education/occupation, paternal education/occupation, family size, and family history of enuresis among siblings at 95% CI were considered. The variables that have a significant relationship with enuresis when the chi ² test was used were further subjected to logistic regression analysis. The children’s sex, age group, family history, fathers’ education, and occupation were found to have statistical significance in predicting bedwetting among children. Health educators and primary care health staff should obtain detailed history not to miss patients with enuresis, and parents should be informed about the psychological effects of Enuresis and to seek appropriate treatment for their children.

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Abstract:

Perception and knowledge of cancer remain poor in developing countries. Problems associated with cancer incidence include late reporting due to fear, ignorance and financial constrains relating to cancer screening. This study sought to determine the perception and knowledge of cancer among health workers in Lagos. Method: A mixed-method study design comprising a qualitative study (Focus Group Discussions and In-depth Interview) and a quantitative study was employed to collect information from the staff of Military Hospital Lagos, southwest Nigeria. 30 Participants for the qualitative study were purposely recruited, while 200 participants for the quantitative study were selected using the proportional probability sampling technique after approval was received from the management of the hospital. Qualitative data was recorded using a recorder, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software at 95% CI, alpha set at 5%. Findings: The majority were women, 16(64.0%), with only 8(27%) of them under health insurance, with a minimum qualification of secondary school certificate, and mostly health attendants in the group discussion, while those in the interview group were all health professionals. The quantitative study revealed more males 106(53.0%), 73(36.5%) between 20-30 years, with 114(57.0%) married, over half, 122(61.0%) possessed a college degree, average income being >50-100 thousand naira monthly, 132(66.0%) respondents had health insurance. All cited fear and death sentence on hearing “cancer”, most had limited knowledge about cancer screening, only 5(2.5%) had any screening in the last 6 months.

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Abstract:

Zambia is among the 30 countries with high Tuberculosis (TB) burden, with an estimated 455 new cases per 100,000 people annually. Zambia and its partners are committed to accelerating the response to end TB through the provision of good quality of TB services, among other things. Despite the coordinated effort in addressing TB, little is documented about patients’ perceptions regarding the quality of TB services in Zambia. This study was conducted to assess the quality of TB services from the patient’s perspective. A facility-based cross-sectional study that utilized both quantitative and qualitative data collection. The study sample was 352 randomly selected patients on TB treatment and 58 purposefully selected TB treatment support persons. The patient’s perceived quality of care was measured by their perceived satisfaction of TB services in relation to accessibility of the TB clinic, timeliness of service provision, availability of qualified service providers, access to health education, the perceived attitude of service providers, and availability of drugs. Results revealed a high level of perceived good quality of TB services. The TB patients were more satisfied with the attitude of service providers, followed by the timeliness of service provision. Overall, 94.9% of the TB patients reported being satisfied with TB services. There is a high perception of good quality of TB services among the patients. Despite the high level of good quality, the study revealed limitations with regard to drug dispensation and the availability of qualified staff.

References:

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Abstract:

Through the advances in public health, most humans on earth are now assured to live to at least 60 years, regardless of their geographical location and socio-economic status. Between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world’s population 60 years and above will be expected to increase from 900 million to 2.1 billion, while the average global life expectancy will be expected to increase by additional 10 years. Experts have ascribed this development as the most significant social transformation of the 21^st century. However, although the world may have successfully learned how to live longer, it has not necessarily learned how to live healthier. In most situations, old age is associated with significant loss of physical and mental functionalities, increased risk of developing multiple diseases (including COVID-19), and reduced quality of life. This association has been described as the most important global public health challenge of the 21^st century. The objective of this article is to investigate the scientific plausibility of slowing down the aging process and to identify evidence-based measures of achieving healthy aging. A review of related online free-full articles written in the English language published from 2000 to 2021 was done. It was noticed that the pace and quality of aging can be significantly influenced by controlling the lifestyle determinants of aging. Although the science of healthy aging is still evolving, there is enough evidence for healthcare professionals to recommend evidence-based strategies of achieving healthy aging to the public and to policymakers.

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Abstract:

Outbreaks of diseases have positive and negative effects on humans. An example of the positive epidemic dilemma was seen in the 2020 lockdown across the world where families spent quality time together and couples seeking for the fruit of the womb conceived after many years, working from home was introduced, Lagosians working from home reduced stress from traffic, remote jobs were increased, online zoom, Webex webinars, online surveys, seminars, conference, Viva Voca, graduation and growth for online business and banking. Apps were available for the masses to access health online, known as Telemedicine. While the negative epidemics dilemma includes loss of jobs, slow down in economy across the world, poverty, drug abuse, self–medication, Anti-microbial resistance, child abuse, rape, divorce, shadow pandemic, death, and no access to education for those that do not have internet facilities to learn/study/school online. Vaccine’s hesitancy is an established dilemma that contributes to significant health challenges which cause a high rate of infant sickness and death. There are certain factors like cultural, social, demographic, and psychosocial factors that contribute to the vaccine dilemma. This conceptual framework illustrates the factors that drive epidemics and vaccine dilemma, which can be vaccination acceptance and hesitancy. For an intervention to be implemented successfully, we need to understand the triggers of epidemics and vaccination dilemma. The socio-demographic characteristics like age, sex, marital status, level of education, choice of hospital, employment status, level of income, health insurance status and the number of children is significantly associated with vaccine uptake among parents.

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Abstract:

While severe malaria (SM) contributes to high mortality in children in Nigeria, appropriate treatment is cardinal in reducing SM death. However, there exist limited studies on how health workers (HWs) manage SM in children in Nigeria. The study aimed to assess the health worker’s treatment practices for severe malaria in children. A cross-sectional survey of severe malaria (SM) management in children (0- 5 years) was conducted in 377 participants across randomly selected 5 hospitals in Kebbi State. Data abstraction form was used to obtain parameters for SM from the patient’s record. A structured questionnaire was utilized to get information from HWs regarding the management of SM. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. A total of 377 cases of SM were identified. Documented symptoms for SM symptoms included fever (43.2 %), convulsion –seizure (26.3%), pallor (10.3%), and loss of consciousness (3.2%). All the cases (100%) were tested for malaria, with RDT being the commonest (60.2%) technique used, while 71 (18.83%) cases received intra-artesunate, 24 (6.36%) received intravenous quinine. 125 (33.16%) children fully recovered, with 87 (23.08%) discharge cases, and 41 (19.80%) received a follow-up dose of ACT. However, a mortality rate of 26.79% was observed. The pattern of managing severe malaria in this study resulted in improved quality of life in above half of the studied population. However, a higher rate is possible should health workers be given more on-the-job supervision. Besides, further study would be required to ascertain the source of knowledge of severe malaria management in the region.

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Abstract:

Hypertension is a public health challenge worldwide. Drug utilization study is a component of medical audit that monitors and evaluates prescribing practices and recommends necessary modifications. This study focused on the drug utilization pattern of antihypertensive drugs. The study was a retrospective study of facility records on drug use among hypertensive patients. It was conducted in a private health care setting facility in Enugu. A total of 1,005 prescriptions were evaluated for drug prescribing patterns. The blood pressure control was evaluated. A combination of two drugs was frequently prescribed (42.3%). Drug prescribing pattern showed that Angiotensin receptor blocker (Losartan) was mostly frequently prescribed (38.94%). Drug utilization of antihypertensive drugs was in agreement with JNC 7&8 recommendations. In the study combination of two or more anti-hypertensive drugs was frequently prescribed. The blood pressure control among the population was greater than 90%.

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Abstract:

Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE-E) and haemorrhage are dangerous diseases that occur in pregnancy. This study seeks to assess the relationship between individual-level dietary intake and the occurrence of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and haemorrhage among pregnant women in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The prospective cohort study involved all pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy (>28 weeks gestational age) reporting for antenatal care (ANC) in seven Hospitals in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The study used a 24-hour repeated dietary recall to elicit dietary intake information from pregnant women until delivery. The majority of pregnant women in this study had adequate consumption of phosphorus far above the RDI, coupled with an inadequate intake of calcium, excess intake of sodium, and manganese. The average dietary intake for carbohydrates in this study was rather higher than the RDA. There was a statistically significant association between PE-E and the intake of vitamin C. A statistically significant association exists between the intake of calcium and vitamin A and haemorrhage. The findings show that pregnant women who consumed adequate and excess amounts of vitamin C reduced their odds of developing PE-E by 41.7% and 39.8%, respectively. The results show that pregnant women who had an excess intake of calcium were 6.128 times the odds of developing haemorrhage compared to those who had inadequate intake. Again, pregnant women who had adequate intake of vitamin A were 4.351 times the odds of developing haemorrhage compared to those who had inadequate intake. It is recommended that more nutrition specialists to be trained and posted to counsel pregnant women on nutrition in pregnancy to avert the consequences of PE-E and haemorrhage.

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[35] Torjusen, H., Brantsæter, A. L., Haugen, M., Alexander, J., Bakketeig, L. S., Lieblein, G., Stigum, H., Næs, T., Swartz, J., Holmboe-ottesen, G., Roos, G., & Meltzer, H. M. (2014). Reduced risk of pre-eclampsia with organic vegetable consumption : results from the prospective Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006143.

[36] Agrawal, S., Fledderjohann, J., Vellakkal, S., & Stuckler, D. (2015). Adequately Diversified Dietary Intake and Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy Is Associated with Reduced Occurrence of Symptoms Suggestive of Pre- Eclampsia or Eclampsia in Indian Women. 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119120.

[37] Hofmeyr GJ, Lawrie TA, Atallah AN, Duley L, Torloni MR (2014) Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6: CD001059. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001059.pub4 PMID: 24960615.

[38] Jain S, Sharma P, Kulshreshtha S, Mohan G, Singh S (2010) The role of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in pre-eclampsia. Biological trace element research 133(2): 162–170. doi:10.1007/s12011-009-8423-9 PMID: 19547932.

[39] World Health Organization. (2020). Calcium supplementation before pregnancy for the prevention of pre-eclampsia and its complications. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331787/9789240003118-eng.pdf?ua=1.

Abstract:

The Covid-19 pandemic opens more windows to online learning globally. With this, all countries have shifted their educational setup to online learning modalities due to this pandemic. This study assessed the level of mental and technical readiness in the online learning modality of freshmen nursing students in one of the catholic private institutions in the Philippines. The researchers made use of descriptive research. An adapted questionnaire was used as a data-gathering tool but subjected to a reliability test. Results revealed that most of the respondents were female, graduated from the STEM strand, and belong to poor families. It further disclosed that for the mental dimension, the students were ready, and for the technical dimension, they were only somewhat ready. Additionally, inferential statistics showed that among the student’s profiles, the family’s monthly income showed a significant difference specifically between the poor and the lower-middle-income group both in mental and technical dimensions. The proposed psycho-social programs were focused on the topmost indicators that obtained the lowest mean scores among indicators observed, such as the presence of distractions, spending 20-30 hours each week on an online course, and availability of reliable person around, lack of a printer, stable internet connection, and the student’s device compatibility needed for online learning. Thus, the researchers highly recommend that the institution should intensify its orientation program on the use of the learning management system of an online learning modality and improve its program on mental health issues for both students, parents, and teachers.

References:

[1] UNICEF. (2020, September). Education and Covid-19. https://data.unicef.org/topic/education/covid-19/.

[2] El-Seoud, M. S. A., Islam A.T.F., Eddin, T., Seddiek, N., El-Khouly, M. M., & Nosseir, A. (2014). E-learning and students’ motivation: A research study on the effect of E-learning on higher education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 9(4), 20-26. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264417866_ELearning_and_Students’_Motivation_A_Research_Study_on_the_Effect_of_E-Learning_on_Higher_Education.

[3] Blaschke, L.M., & Bedenlier, S. (2020, April). Online learning.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342344404_Online_Learning.

[4] Coman, C., Tiru, L. G., An-Schmitz, L. M., Stanciu, C., & Bularca, M. C. (2020). Online teaching and learning in higher education during the Coronavirus pandemic: Students’ perspective. Sustainability 12, 1-24. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10367/pdf.

[5] Armstrong-Mensah, E., Ramsey-White, K., Yankey, B., & Self-Brown, S. (2020). COVID-19 and distance learning: Effects on Georgia State University School of public health students. Frontiers in Public Health,8. 1-10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.576227/full.

[6] Asian Development Bank. (2021). COVID-19 and education in Asia and the Pacific guidance note. https://www.adb.org/documents/covid-19-education-asia-pacific-guidance-note.

[7] Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021). Learning at home: Parents’ lived experiences on distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education,10(3), 901-911. http://ijere.iaescore.com/index.php/IJERE/article/view/21136.

[8] Deiparine, C. (2021). Duterte vows ‘quality’ education amid pandemic, but no other plans in the last state of the nation’s address. Philstar Global. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/07/26/2115382/duterte-vows-quality-education-amid-pandemic-no-other-plans-last-sona.

[9] David, F. (2002). Understanding and doing research: A handbook for beginners. Panorama Printing Inc. (Trial Edition., pp. 104-106).

[10] Vicki Williams, V. (n.d.). Online readiness assessment. Retrieved October 15, 2021. https://pennstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_7QCNUPsyH9f012B?s=246aa3a5c4b64bb386543eab834f8e75.

[11] Taber, K. (2017). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Res Sci Educ.file:///E:/research/The_Use_of_Cronbachs_Alpha_When_Developing_and_Re.pdf.

[12] Gras, R. M. L., Sánchez-López, M. P., Román, A. I. S., Corbalán, J. (2013). Health and gender in female-dominated occupations: The case of male nurses. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 21(2),135-148 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273690724_Health_and_Gender_in_Female-Dominated_Occupations_The_Case_of_Male_Nurses.

[13] Albert, J. R. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Quimba, F. M. A., & Jana Flor V. Vizmanos, J. F. V. (2020). Poverty, the middle class, and income distribution amid COVID-19. Discussion Paper Series No. 2020-22. 1-56. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2022.pdf.

[14] Ocampo, D. S. (2014). The K to 12 Curriculum. 1-18. Retrieved from: https://industry.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/6th-TID-Usec.-Ocampos-Presentation-on-K-to-12.pdf.

[15] Kurt, A. A., Doğan, E., Erdoğmuş, Y. K., & Emiroğl, B. G. (2018). Examining computer gaming addiction in terms of different variables. World Journal on Educational Technology, 10(10), 30-40. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324170945_Examining_computer_gaming_addiction_in_terms_of_different_variables.

[16] Raiyn, J. (2016). The role of visual learning in improving students’ high order thinking skills. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(24), 115-121. http://www.sciepub.com/reference/185998.

[17] Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B., (1965) An analysis for variance test for normality. Biometrika 52(3&4), 591. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2333709.

[18] Hermantoa, Rai, N. G. M., & Fahmi, A. (2021). Students’ opinions about studying from home during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(2), 499-510. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6566-9299.

[19] Oducado, R. M. F., & Homelo V. Estoque, H. (2021). Online learning in nursing education during the Covid-19 pandemic: Stress, satisfaction, and academic performance. Journal of Nursing Practice, 4(2), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v4i2.128.

[20] Khan, F. M., Begum, M, & Imad, M. (2019). Relationship between students’ home environment and their academic achievement at secondary school level. Pakistan Journal of Distance & Online
Learning, 5(2), 223-234. http://journal.aiou.edu.pk/journal1/index.php/PJDOL/article/view/564.

[21] Binlingan, A. N. L., Ognayon, P. J., Batchi, J., & Gotia, K. C. L. (2021). Online readiness and self-efficacy of students as reflected on online learning. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355903386_Online_Readiness_and_Self-Efficacy_of_Students_as_reflected_on_Online_Learning.

[22] Rotas, E. E., & Cahapay, M. B., (2020). Difficulties in remote learning: Voices of Philippine university students in the wake of COVID-19 crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(2), 147- 158. http://www.asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/504.

Abstract:

The development of chronic illness such as hypertension among individuals in occupations such as teaching has been associated with a high level of stress and sedentary behaviours. This study, therefore, evaluated the behavioural skills and hypertension prevention practices among secondary school teachers in Sagamu Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. This study adopted a cross-sectional design. A Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 418 respondents for the study. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at ≤0.05 level of significance. The mean age of the respondents was 42.61±7.79 years. More than half, 250 (59.8%) of the respondents were females, with the majority 375 (89.7%) being married. A greater proportion 313 (74.9%) of the respondents had Bachelor’s degree (B.Sc). While about quarter 105 (25.1%) of them had worked for a period of 6-10 years. Most 299 (71.5%) of the respondents had high behavioral skills towards hypertension prevention. Less than half 192 (45.9%) of the respondents had high prevention practice. Behavioral skills significantly contributed to the prevention practices (Odds ratio= 1.12; CL= 1.05- 1.20; p = 0.001). The study revealed that the teachers had high behavioural skills and low hypertension prevention. It is recommended that the state ministry of education through the state ministry of health should conduct a health education program to improve the hypertension prevention practices of teachers.

References:

[1] NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). 2017. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants. Lancet; 389:37–55. https://doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5.

[2] Mills, K., Bundy, J., Kelly, T., Reed, J., Kearney, P., Reynolds, K., Chen, J., and He, J. 2016. Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries. Circulation.; 134:441–450. https://doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.018912.

[3] Eman, A. 2020. Diversity and Equality in Health. Retrieved from

https://diversityhealthcare.imedpub.com/hypertension-2020-market-analysis.php?aid=26209.

[4] World Health Organization 2015. WHO global health observatory data repository. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/raised-blood-pressure-(sbp-=140-or-dbp-=90)-(age-standardized-estimate).

[5] Akinlua, T., Meakin, R., Umar, A.M., and Freemantle, N. 2015. Current Prevalence Pattern of Hypertension in Nigeria: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0140021. https://doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0140021.

[6] Damasceno, A., Azevedo, A., Silva-Matos, C., Prista, A., Diogo, D., and Lunet, N.2009. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in mozambique: urban/rural gap during the epidemiological transition. Hypertension;54(1):77-83. https://doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.132423.

[7] Adeloye, D., Basquill, C., Aderemi, A., Thompson, J., and Obi, F. 2015. An estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Hypertension 33(2):230-242.

[8] Olamoyegun, M.A., Oluyombo, R., Iwuala, SO., Asaolu, SO. 2016. Epidemiology and patterns of hypertension in semi-urban communities, south-western Nigeria. Cardiovascular Journal African. 23;27(6):356-360. https://doi:10.5830/CVJA-2016-037.

[9] Okubadejo, N., Ozoh,O., Ojo, O., Akinkugbe, A., Odeniyi, I., Adegoke, O., Bello, B., and Agabi, O. 2019, Prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure profile amongst urban-dwelling adults in Nigeria: a comparative analysis based on recent guideline recommendations. Clinical Hypertension, 25,7.

[10] Miazgowski T, Kopec J, Widecka K, Miazgowski B, Kaczmarkiewicz A. 2016. Epidemiology of hypertensive heart disease in Poland: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Archives of Medical Science https://doi:10.5114/aoms.2019.85222.

[11] Fasoro O. 2017. Awareness of Hypertension among public Secondary Schools Teachers in Local Governments Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. International Journal of Medicinal Research and Application. Vol.1 (21) pp 05-09.

[12] Fisher, W. A., Fisher, J. D., & Harman, J. 2003. The information-motivation behavioural skill model: a general social psychological approach to understanding promoting health behaviour. In J. Suls, & K. A. Wallston (Eds.), Social psychological foundation of health and illness (pp. 82e106). Malden, MA:Blackwell.

[13] Ajewole, I., Fasoro, A., and Agbana, R. 2017, Awareness of hypertension among Public Secondary School Teachers in a Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria International Journal of Medical Research and Applications, 1(2); 05-09.

[14] Famuyiwa S.A. 2019. Knowledge, Attitude and Hypertension at Risk Behaviour of Secondary School Teachers in Oluyole Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria. Ibadan Journal of Educational Studies. Vol 16, Nos 1& 2. ISSN: 1596-5953.

[15] Oladoyinbo, C., Ekerette, N., & Ogunbi, T. 2015. Obesity and hypertension amongst Traders in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 18,23-27.

[16] Odelola, O., Akinpelu, A.,Idowu A., Adesegun, O., et al. (2021). Hypertension: predictors of knowledge among market women in the sub-urban Town of Sagamu, South-west Nigeria. African Journal of Health Science, 34(4); 526-536.

[17] Sarah, J.M, John, S., and Madhanagopal, R. 2017. Lifestyle determinants of hypertension among Female School Teachers. International Journal. of Life Sciences, 5 (4): 696-702.

[18] Amanyire, J, Tumwebaze, M., Mugisha, M. & Bright, L. 2019. Prevalence and risk factors for hypertension, diabetes, and obesity among Lecturers and Support Staff of Bishop Stuart University in Mbarara, Uganda. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 9, 126-137. doi: 10.4236/ojapps.2019.93012.

[19] Fikadu, G., & Lemma, S. 2016. Socioeconomic status and hypertension among Teachers and Bankers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International journal of hypertension, 4143962.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4143962.

[20] Mirzaei, M., Mirzaei, M., Bagheri, B. 2020. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and related factors in adult Iranian population. BMC Public Health 20, 667 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08831-1.

[21] Rajkumar, E., and Romate, J. 2020. Behavioural risk factors, hypertension knowledge, and hypertension in Rural India. International Journal of Hypertension, 2020;7. Doi. Or/10.1155/2020/8108202

[22] Oladapo O.O, Salako L, Sadiq L, Soyinka K and Falase A.O. 2013. Knowledge of Hypertension and other Risk Factors for Heart Disease among Yoruba Rural Southwestern Nigerian Population. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research;3: 993‐1003.

Abstract:

The uptake of cancer screening services remains poor in developing countries due to altered perception and awareness of cancer. Difficulties associated with cancer screening include late reporting due to fear, ignorance, cost, and cultural issues. This study sought to establish the utilization of cancer screening services among health workers in Military Hospital Lagos (MHL) and the reasons for poor utilization of such services. Method: This quantitative study utilized 200 participants in MHL, Southwest, Nigeria to collect information. Proportionate probability sampling was used to determine those needed from each department and then conveniently selected after approval was received from the management of the hospital. Data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software at 95% CI with an alpha set at 5%. Findings: Participants were mostly males 106 (53.0%), between the age range of 20-30 years 73(36.5%), mostly married 114 (57.0%), with 122(61.0%) possessing a college degree, 90(45.0%) having average income >50-100 thousand naira and 132(66.0%) possessing health insurance. Major factors identified for influencing screening utilization were fear of a positive result, ignorance, belief in not being at risk, having many contending issues, nonchalant attitude to health, financial constraint. Conclusion: A low level of cancer screening and uptake was noticed among these health workers. This raises the need for urgent enlightenment about cancer screening even among health workers, and cancer screening made more available and affordable with easy accessibility to reduce the incidence and mortality of invasive cancer.

References:

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DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.04.007.

[2] Akram M, Iqbal M, Daniyal M, Khan A U. (2017). Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer. Biological Research. DOI:10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9.

[3] Odenusi AO, Oladoyin VO, Asuzu MC (2020). Uptake of cervical cancer screening services and its determinants between health and non-health workers in Ibadan, south-Western Nigeria. Afr. J. Med. Med. Sci. 49(4), 573-584.

[4] Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, et al. (2019). Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2022 Jan; 10(1): e41]. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8 (2): e191-e203. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X (19)30482-6.

[5] Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, et al (2019). Cancer screening in the United States: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin. 69:184-210. doi: 10.3322/caac.21557.

[6] Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. (2015) Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods, and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 136(5): E359-E386. doi:10.1002/ijc.29210.

[7] Mukhtar R, Mehmood R, Parveen S, Hussain M & Arif M (2015). Prevalence of cervical cancer in a developing country: Pakistan. Global Journal of Medical Research. Vol. 15(3-F). Retrieved from https://medicalresearchjournal.org/index.php/GJMR/article/view/953.

[8] Mema SC, Yang H, Vaska M, Elnitsky S, & Jiang Z. (2016). Integrated Cancer Screening Performance Indicators: A Systematic Review. PloS one, 11(8), e0161187. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161187.

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[13] Oche M, Kaoje A, Gana G, & Ango J (2013). Cancer of the cervix and cervical screening: Current knowledge, attitude, and practices of female health workers in Sokoto, Nigeria. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 5(3):106-109.

[14] Goldie SJ, Gaffikin L, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, et al. (2005). Cost-effectiveness of cervical-cancer screening in five developing countries. N Eng J Med. 353(20):2158-2168.

[15] Duraisamy K, Jaganathan K and Bose JC (2011). Methods of detecting cervical cancer. Advances in Biological Research. 2011;5(4):226-232.

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[17] Tapera O, Nyakabau A, Simango N, Guzha B, Jombo-Nyakuwa S, Takawira E, Mapanga A, Makosa D, & Madzima B. (2021). Gaps and opportunities for cervical cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care: evidence from a midterm review of the Zimbabwe cervical Cancer prevention and control strategy (2016–2020). BMC Public Health. 21. 10.1186/s12889-021-11532-y.

[18] Silvera, S. A. N., Bandera, E. V., Jones, B. A., Kaplan, A. M., & Demisse, K. (2020). Knowledge of, and beliefs about, access to screening facilities and cervical cancer screening behaviors among low-income women in New Jersey. Cancer Causes & Control, 31(1), 43-49.

[19] Ilevbare, O. E., Adegoke, A. A., & Adelowo, C. M. (2020). Drivers of cervical cancer screening uptake in Ibadan, Nigeria. Heliyon, 6(3), e03505.

[20] Ugwu E, Obi S, Ezechukwu P, Okafor I & Ugwu A (2013). Acceptability of human papilloma virus vaccine and cervical cancer screening among female health-care workers in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 16(2):249-252.

[21] Owoeye I & Ibrahim I. (2013). Knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening among female students and staff in a tertiary institution in the Niger Delta. International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research. 2(1):48-56.

[22] Hyacinth HI, Adekeye OA, Ibeh JN and Osoba T. (2012). Cervical cancer and pap smear awareness and utilization of pap smear test among Federal civil servants in North Central Nigeria. PLoS One. 7(10): e46583.

[23] Glanz K, Bishop DB. (2012). The role of behavioral science theory in the development and implementation of public health interventions. Annual Review of Public Health. 21:299–418. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103604.

[24] Jones CL, Jensen JD, Scherr CL, Brown NR, Christy K., & Weaver J. (2015). The Health Belief Model as an explanatory framework in communication research: exploring parallel, serial, and moderated mediation. Health communication, 30(6), 566–576.

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[27] Carpenter CJ (2010). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of the health belief model variables in predicting behavior. Health Communication. 25:661–669. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2010.521906.

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Abstract:

Occupational wellness is essential for cocoa farmers’ health and productivity since a significant proportion of their time is spent at work. It is a measure of individual wellbeing, focusing on the psychosocial status as it relates to individuals’ profession. This study assessed occupational wellness and its determinants among cocoa farmers in the South-West region of Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to study 244 cocoa farmers in Ekiti and Osun States. Also, the local government areas were purposively selected as being well known for cocoa production. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic characteristics and occupational wellness. Occupational wellness was scored based on their response to eight sets of questions with a 4-point Likert scale response. Association between the farmers’ characteristics and occupational wellness was assessed using Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Determinants of occupational wellness were assessed using quantile regression. The median occupational wellness score was 25.0 (IQR = 24.0 – 29.0). People of low educational status had higher occupational wellness scores, p < 0.001. Significant associations were also observed between other characteristics like sex, religion, marital status, geographical location, farm ownership, and occupational wellness. Farm ownership was also a significant determinant of occupational wellness. The occupational wellness status is due to a complex mix of occupational factors, sociodemographic factors, and geographic factors. Health promotion will be key in maintaining a balance of the mix to enhance the general wellbeing and productivity of the farmers.

References:

[1] Occupational Wellness. Retrieved from https://aaep.org/wellness/occupational-wellness.

[2] Occupational Wellness. Retrieved from https://spokane.wsu.edu/wellness/occupational-wellness.

[3] Occupational Wellness. Retrieved from https://www.aquinas.edu/health-wellness/occupational-wellness.

[4] Occupational Wellness Assessment: Profile, Analysis Report and Improvement Plan. Retrieved from https://interpersonalwellness.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Occupational-Wellness-Assessment-2014-04-14.pdf.

[5] Marshall C. (2020). Analysis of a comprehensive wellness program’s impact on job satisfaction in the workplace. International Hospitality Review, 34(2):221-241.

[6] Kabango J (2013). The perceived effects of workplace health promotion programs on job satisfaction at Oserian Development Company. University of Nairobi; 2013.

[7] Richemond D., & Needham C. (2020). The Impact of Wellness Programs on Employee Job Satisfaction in Colleges and Universities. Open Journal of Business and Management, 08:569-599.

[8] Janet J (2014). Psychosocial stress burnout among professional managers in health service institutions. J Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 5(5):539.

[9] Lucia‐Casademunt A.M., Ariza‐Montes J.A., Morales‐Gutiérrez† A.C. (2013). Determinants of occupational well‐being among executive women. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 26(2):229-257.

[10] Qi M., Moyle W., Jones C., Weeks B (2019). Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Older University Office Workers: Survey Findings. Workplace Health and Safety, 67(3):123-130.

[11] Afolabi F. (2020). Workplace Health and Safety in the Informal Sector: A Case Study of Nigeria Informal Entrepreneurs. International Conference on Applied Research in Business, Management and Economics.

[12] Aminu F., Ayinde I., Sanusi R. (2020). Multivariate Probit Analysis Of Factors Predisposing Cocoa Farmers To Pesticide Toxicity In Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 10(2066-2021-965):51-63.

[13] Oludoye O.O., Robson M.G., Siriwong W. (2021). Using the Socio-Ecological Model to Frame the Influence of Stakeholders on Cocoa Farmers’ Pesticide Safety in Nigeria: Findings from a Qualitative Study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14:2357.

[14] Aminu F. (2020): Pesticide Use And Health Hazards Among Cocoa Farmers: Evidence From Ondo And Kwara States Of Nigeria. Nigeria Agricultural Journal 2020, 51(2):263-273.

[15] Ogunjimi S (2012). Farmers’ knowledge level of precautionary measures in agro-chemicals usage on cocoa production in Osun and Edo States, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2(4) 186-194.

[16] Abasimi E. (2015) The Relationships among Psychosocial Work Environment, Job Stress Recovery Experiences, Psychological Capital and Occupational Wellbeing: A Study among Nurses and Teachers in the Tamale Metropolis. Ghana: University of Ghana.

[17] Oduwaiye M., Akangbe J., Komolafe S., Ajibola B. (2015). An assessment of knowledge of farming-related hazards and precautionary practices of farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of research in forestry, wildlife, and environment, 7(2):27-35.

[18] Akinleye M., Tijani M., Abdulwahab R. (2015). Helmet use as a safety tool among motorcycle riders in ibadan, oyo state, Nigeria. LAUTECH Journal of Engineering and Technology, 9(1):131-138.

[19] Amfo B., Mensah J.O., Aidoo R. (2020). Migrants’ satisfaction with working conditions on cocoa farms in Ghana. J International Journal of Social Economics.

[20] Higuchi A., Coq Huelva D., Arias Gutiérrez R., Alfalla Luque R. (2020). Farmer satisfaction and cocoa cooperative performance: evidence from Tocache, Peru. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review: 23 (2) pg: 217 – 234.

[21] Adewole D., Akanbi S., Osungbade K., Bello S. (2017). Expanding health insurance scheme in the informal sector in Nigeria: awareness as a potential demand-side tool. Pan African Medical Journal 2017, 27.

[22] Zacher H., Schmitt A. (2016). Work Characteristics and Occupational Well-Being: The Role of Age, 7(1411).

Abstract:

The Zambian government, through the Vision 2030 policy, has prioritized health and is committed to the attainment of ‘equity of access to cost-effective quality health services, as close to the family as possible by providing a continuum of care with particular emphasis on promotional, preventive, curative, and rehabilitation services. This, however, is challenged by the high disease burden of communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) tuberculosis inclusive. This study was conducted to identify and assess determinants of the quality of TB services. The study utilized a cross-sectional design involving a mixed-methods approach consisting of a desk review facility-based survey of patients on TB treatment using quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. The study covered 352 randomly selected TB patients, 58 conveniently selected TB treatment support persons, 9 purposively selected TB community volunteers, and 6 purposively selected facility-based service providers. The determinants of good quality of TB care include technical performance, access to services, the effectiveness of care, interpersonal relations, the efficiency of service delivery, continuity of service, safety, physical infrastructure, comforts, and choice of service. Results confirm that good health is a function of the quality of healthcare and utilization of healthcare services and service utilization is affected by social demographics of patients such as age, sex, marital status, type of TB treatment support person, inter alia. Patient’s demographic factors determined how the patient view the quality of TB serviced they received.

References:

[1] Global tuberculosis report 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.MoH (2015), The National Health Strategic Plan (NHSP) 2017-2021, Lusaka. Zambia.

[2] Silva, D.R., Muñoz-Torrico, M., Duarte, R., Galvão, T., Bonini, E.H., Arbex, F.F., Arbex, M.A., Augusto, V.M., Rabahi, M.F. and Mello, F.C.D.Q., 2018. Risk factors for tuberculosis: diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, and the use of other drugs. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 44(2), pp.145-152.

[3] NAC. 2019. Global Fund 2020-2022 Allocation Letter. Access online at: http://www.nac.org.zm/ccmzambia/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Zambia-2020-2022-allocation-letter-signed.pdf on15th December 2020.

[4] Kapata, N., Chanda-Kapata, P., Ngosa, W., Metitiri, M., Klinkenberg, E., Kalisvaart, N., Sunkutu, V., Shibemba, A., Chabala, C., Chongwe, G. and Tembo, M., 2016. The prevalence of tuberculosis in Zambia: results from the first national TB prevalence survey, 2013–2014. PLoS One, 11(1), p.e0146392.

[5] MoH, (2012) NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY “A Nation of Healthy and productive People” Lusaka, Zambia accessed at https://www.moh.gov.zm/docs/healthpolicy.pdf on 26th February 2021.

[6] Swati Sadaphal, Neeraj Kak, Silvia Holschneider, Alisha Smith-Arthur, and Refiloe Matji TB Care II. 2013. Quality Improvement Handbook for TB and MDT-TB. University Research Co., LLC.

[7] WHO consolidated guideline on self-care interventions for health: sexual and reproductive health and rights. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[8] TB CARE I. International Standards for Tuberculosis Care, Edition 3. TB CARE I, The Hague, 2014.

[9] Fecso, A.B., Szasz, P., Kerezov, G. and Grantcharov, T.P., 2017. The effect of technical performance on patient outcomes in surgery. Annals of Surgery, 265(3), pp.492-501.

[10] Masiye, Felix & Kaonga, Oliver. (2016). Determinants of Healthcare Utilisation and Out-of-Pocket Payments in the Context of Free Public Primary Healthcare in Zambia. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 5. 693-703. 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.65. accessed on https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310050022_Determinants_of_Healthcare_Utilisation_and_Out-of-Pocket_Payments_in_the_Context_of_Free_Public_Primary_Healthcare_in_Zambia/citation/download on 20th January 2021.

[11] Kruk ME, Larson E, Twum-Danso NA. Time for a quality revolution in global health. Lancet Glob Health 2016;4(9): e594–6.

[12] Zyaambo, C., Siziya, S., & Fylkesnes, K. 2012. Health status and socio-economic factors associated with health facility utilization in rural and urban areas in Zambia. BMC health services research, 12, 389. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12- Accessed at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3536624/ on 20th January 2021.

[13] Al-Yateem N. (2020) Determinants of Quality of Healthcare for Adolescents and Young Adults. In: Betz C., Coyne I. (eds) Transition from Pediatric to Adult Healthcare Services for Adolescents and Young Adults with Long-term Conditions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23384-6_3 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-23384-6_3 accessed on 3rd December 2020.

[14] Mpaata, Kaziba & Lubogoyi, Bumaali & Okiria, John. (2017). Determinants of Quality of Patients Care in Public Hospitals in Uganda: Requirements for Organizational Effectiveness Clients’ Perspective. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 6. 469-472. 10.21275/ART20172157. Accessed at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329245439_on 3rd December 2020.

[15] Johnson I, McDonnell C, O’Connell AM, Glynn L. Patient perspectives on health, health needs, and health care services in a rural Irish community: a qualitative study. Rural and Remote Health 2011; 11: 1659. Available: www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/1659 accessed 6th January 2021.

[16] Azuh, D., Ogundipe, A. and Ogundipe, O. 2019, Determinants of Women Access to Healthcare Services in Sub-Saharan Africa; Department of Economics, Development Studies Covenant University, Ota, Ogum, Nigeria; DOI: 10.2174/1874944501912010504 accessed at https://openpublichealthjournal.com/contents/volumes/V12/TOPHJ-12-504/TOPHJ-12-504.pdf on 20th January 2020.

Abstract:

References:

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[2] Apeloko D. O., 2017, “Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) In Nigeria: An Empirical Survey” International Journal of Politics and Good Governance, 8 (8.4): 1-25.

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[20]  WHO (2002). “Definition of Health, Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as Adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June 1946; In Grad, Frank P. (2002). “The Preamble of the Constitution of the World Health Organization”.

Abstract:

Cosmetic surgery has become popular in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study is to identify the level of knowledge, determinants of attitude, and willingness for cosmetic surgery among online media users in Nigeria. A semi-structured online questionnaire was designed on Google forms and was forwarded to respondents via the investigator’s social media networks (Email, WhatsApp, Facebook). Data on socio-demographic characteristics, level of knowledge, attitude, and willingness for cosmetic surgery was collected from one hundred and ninety-seven online users and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. P-value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. The mean age of the respondent was 28.0 ± 7.1 years with a male to female ratio of 1:1.4. The majority (91.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge of cosmetic surgery, but 53.0% of the respondents have a positive attitude to cosmetic surgery. More than three-quarters (77.7%) were unwilling to have cosmetic surgery, and satisfaction with body image was the most frequent reason stated. The younger age group, respondents that are Christians, and personal income of above ₦1,000,000 ($2,595.63) per annum were predictors of a positive attitude to cosmetic surgery. The respondents had good knowledge of cosmetic surgery. However, the attitude towards cosmetic surgery was relatively poor. Factors such as age, religion, ethnic affiliation, and income were important determinants of the attitude towards cosmetic surgery.

References:

[1] Harris DL. Cosmetic surgery-where does it begin?. British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 1982; 35:281-86.

[2] Atiyeh BS, Rubiez MT, Hayek SN. Aesthetic/ cosmetic surgery and ethical challenges. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008; 32:829-39. doi:10.1007/s00266-008-9246-3.

[3] Crockett RJ ,Pruzansky T PJ. The influence of plastic surgery “Reality Tv” shows on cosmetic surgery patient’s expectations and decision making. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120:316–24.

[4] American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2016 Cosmetic Surgery National Data Bank Statistics. 2016. Available at http://www.surgery.org/ sites/default/files/ASAPS-Stats2016.pdf (Last accessed 18 August 2020).

[5] BBC News. Big rise in cosmetic surgery ops. 2006. Available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4609166.stm (Last accessed 18 August 2020).

[6] Arab K, Barasain O, Altaweel A, Alkhayyal J, Alshiha L, Barasain R et al_. Influence of Social Media on the Decision to Undergo a Cosmetic Procedure. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019 Aug; 7(8): e2333.

[7] Hopkins ZH, Moreno C, Secrest AM,.Influence of Social Media on Cosmetic Procedure Interest. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2020 Jan; 13(1): 28–31.

[8] Patil SB, Kale SM, Khare N, Jaiswal S, Ingole S. Aesthetic surgery: Expanding horizons: Concepts, desires, and fears of rural women in central India. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2011;35:717–23. doi:10.1007/s00266-011-9675-2.

[9] Xing, India: Chamber for Foreign Trade, per capita income.

http://www.xing.com/app/forum/seoparser/icfft/news-244442/ India-per-capita-income-up-at-rs-33-283-17882502/ (Last accessed 30 August 2020).

[10] Bidkhori M, Yaseri M,  Sari AA, Majdzadeh R. Relationship between Socioeconomic Factors and Incidence of Cosmetic Surgery in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2021 Feb; 50(2): 360–368.doi: 10.18502/ijph. v50i2.5351.

[11] Yoon S, Kim YA. Cosmetic Surgery and Self-esteem in South Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2020;44:229–38. doi:10.1007/s00266-019-01515-1.

[12] Abubakar AI, Jamda MA, Ibrahim A, Ajani A, Iyun K, Opara KO. University students and cosmetic surgery in Nigeria: A survey of perception, attitudes, and experiences. Niger J Plast Surg. 2016;12:12-16.

[13] Holcomb JD, Gentile RD. Aesthetic facial plastic surgery of male patients: demographics and market trends. Facial Plast Surg. 2005; 21:223-31.

[14] Henderson-king D, Brooks KD. Materialism, Sociocultural Appearance Messages, And Paternal Attitudes Predict College Women’s Attitudes About Cosmetic Surgery. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2009;33:133–42.

[15] Sinno S, Lam G, Brownstone ND, Steinbrech DS. An Assessment of Gender Differences in Plastic Surgery Patient Education and Information in the United States: Are We Neglecting Our Male Patients? Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Volume 36, Issue 1, January 2016, Pages 107–110, https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjv100.

[16] Adedeji OA, Oseni GO, Olaitan PB. Awareness and Attitude of Healthcare Workers to Cosmetic Surgery in Osogbo, Nigeria. Surgery Research and Practice 2014; 2014:1-8 doi:10.1155/2014/869567.

[17] Adeyemo WL, Mofikoya BO, Bamgbose BO. Knowledge and perceptions of facial plastic surgery among a selected group of professionals in Lagos, Nigeria. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 2010;63:578–82. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2009.01.046.

[18] Al Doheyan T, Al-Saad A, Al Haidar A, Al Fwzan H, Al Askar J, Al Malki F et al. Attitude and Practices Concerning Cosmetic Surgery among Female Medical Students at the University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research. 2016 14(4): 1-10.

[19] Bank TW. Poverty head counts ratio. 2020. Available from:

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAH?locations=BG&most_recent_year_desc=false (Last accessed 15 September 2020).

[20] Muslu Ü, Demir E. The Effect of Religious Beliefs on the Attitude of Aesthetic Surgery Operation in Islam. J Relig Health. 2019;59:804–15. doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00767-0.

[21] Atiyeh BS, Kadry M, Hayek SN et al. Aesthetic Surgery and Religion: Islamic Law Perspective. Aesth Plast Surg 32, 1–10 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-007-9040-7.

Abstract:

Labour pain experience is distinctive and complex, and women use various coping strategies to cope with it. Hence, this study attempted to explore pain experience and coping strategies employed by women in labor in a secondary health facility in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. A qualitative exploratory research design was used, and a purposive sampling technique was used to select a total of ten (10) mothers who delivered within 48hours in the healthcare facility. A total of three FGD sessions were conducted, each had between 3 and 4 participants. The semi-structured interview guide was used for data collection, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The women who participated in this study were between 20 and 42years of age, and they perceived labour pain differently. Some of the women described labour pain as very painful; others said the pain is normal, while some said the pain cannot be compared with anything. The study revealed that younger women who are primiparous perceived labor pain as more severe than the multiparous women. All the participants said that birth information and instructions received from the midwives, as well as the presence of caring midwives, help to relieve labour pains and consequently influence their pain experience(s) positively. The coping strategies used varied among participants, and deep breathing techniques, relaxation, and vertical positions were the major coping strategies used. Therefore, the provision of adequate labour information on coping strategies and the presence of caring midwives influenced the labour experience(s) positively.

References:

[1] Akadri, A. A., & Odelola, O. I. (2018). Labour pain perception: experiences of Nigerian mothers. Pan African Medical Journal, 30(1). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6320448/.

[2] Makvandi, S., Mirzaiinajmabadi, K., Mirteimoori, M., & Esmaily, H. (2018). Effect of normal physiologic childbirth program in mother-friendly hospitals on the duration of labor. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 15(3). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jfas/article/view/169254.

[3] Shnol, H., Paul, N., & Belfer, I. (2014). Labor pain mechanisms. International anesthesiology clinics, 52(3), 1-17 https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiaclinics/Citation/2014/05230/Labor_Pain_Mechanisms.2.aspx.

[4] Obuna, J. A., & Umeora, O. U. J. (2014). Perception of labor pain and utilization of obstetric analgesia by Igbo women of Southeast Nigeria. Journal of Obstetric Anaesthesia and Critical Care, 4(1), 18-32

https://www.joacc.com/article.asp?issn=2249-4472;year=2014;volume=4;issue=1;spage=18;epage=22;aulast=Obuna.

[5] Asl, B. M. H., Vatanchi, A., Golmakani, N., & Najafi, A. (2018). Relationship between behavioral indices of pain during labor pain with pain intensity and duration of delivery. Electronic physician, 10(1), 6240.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5854000/.

[6] Whitburn, L. Y., Jones, L. E., Davey, M. A., & Small, R. (2017). The meaning of labour pain: how the social environment and other contextual factors shape women’s experiences. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1343-3.

[7] Aziato, L., Acheampong, A. K., & Umoar, K. L. (2017). Labour pain experiences and perceptions: a qualitative study among post-partum women in Ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(1), 1-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5322618/.

[8] Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T. (2018). Essentials of nursing research. Appraising evidence for nursing practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health.

[9] Kongsuwan, W., & Chatchawet, W. (2021). Level of Labor Pain, Level of Labor Pain Behaviors, and Cultural Pain Behaviors among First-Time Indonesian Muslim Mothers. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 11(01), 27. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=106687.

[10] Labor, S., & Maguire, S. (2008). The pain of labour. Reviews in Pain, 2(2), 15-19. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/204946370800200205.

[11] Onasoga, O.A., Aluko J. O., Afolayan, J. A., & Bakare G. Y (2019) Compliance with Labour and Birth Information among Postnatal Women Attending General Hospital Ilorin. African Journal of Behavioural and Scale Development Research. 1(1): 37-44.

[12] Duncan, L. G., Cohn, M. A., Chao, M. T., Cook, J. G., Riccobono, J., & Bardacke, N. (2017). Benefits of preparing for childbirth with mindfulness training: a randomized controlled trial with active comparison. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 17(1), 1-11. https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-017-1319-3.

[13] Tahereh, F.N., Robab, L. R., & Hossein, E. (2017). The best encouraging persons in labor: A content analysis of Iranian mothers’ experiences of labor support. Plos one, 12(7), e0179702. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5499987/.

[14] Karlsdottir, S. I., Halldorsdottir, S., & Lundgren, I. (2014). The third paradigm in labour pain preparation and management: the childbearing woman’s paradigm. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 28(2), 315-327. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23815344/.

[15] Hodnett, E. D., Gates, S., Hofmeyr, G. J., & Sakala, C. (2013). Continuous support for women during childbirth. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (7). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23857334/.

[16] Lebni, J. Y., Farahani, F. K., Solhi, M., & Azar, F. E. F. (2021). Causes and Grounds of Childbirth Fear and Coping Strategies Used by Kurdish Adolescent Pregnant Women in Iran: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Reproduction & Infertility, 22(1), 47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7903670/.

[17] Mamba, N., & Tagutanazvo, O. B. (2021). First-time mothers’ experiences of the first stage of labour in hospitals in the HhoHho region, Eswatini. African Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 15(1), 1-8. https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/abs/10.12968/ajmw.2020.0013.

[18] Campbell, V., & Nolan, M. (2019). ‘It definitely made a difference: a grounded theory study of yoga for pregnancy and women’s self-efficacy for labour. Midwifery, 68, 74-83. https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/7307/1/Campbell%20V%252c%20Nolan%20M%252c%20It%20definitely%20made%20a%20difference.pdf.

[19] Wharton, K. R., Ecker, J. L., & Wax, J. R. (2017). Approaches to limit intervention during labor and birth. Committee Opinion No. 687. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol, 129, e20-e28. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2019/02/approaches-to-limit-intervention-during-labor-and-birth.

[20] Newnham, E., Karlsdottir, S. I., & Sanders, R. (2019). Humanising of Childbirth: re-envisaging labour pain: a humanistic approach. The Practising Midwife, 22(10), 14-17. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/80275/1/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf.

[21] Thomson, G., Feeley, C., Moran, V. H., Downe, S., & Oladapo, O. T. (2019). Women’s experiences of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods for labour and childbirth: a qualitative systematic review. Reproductive health, 16(1), 1-20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31146759/. 

Abstract:

This study provides a general epidemiological review of Corona-virus disease in Nigeria during the first wave of the pandemic from February to December 2020 and the efforts of the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) to curtail the disease. Coronavirus disease is a highly transmissible and pathogenic viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV2), which emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and later spread worldwide. The first confirmed case of the disease in Nigeria was in February 2020, and the subject was an Italian who works in Nigeria but returned from Milan, Italy to Lagos, after which the virus spread to other parts of the country. In order to curtail the spread of the menace, lockdown measures were introduced by the FGN during the first wave since there is no precise treatment for the disease, thus making prevention critical. Despite these measures, the spread of Covid-19 in Nigeria continues to record a significant surge beyond the first wave.

References:

[1] Hu, B., Guo. H., Zhou, P. and Shi., Z., 2021, Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and Covid-19. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 19(3),141-154. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7.

[2] Latinne, A. et al., 2020, Origin and cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses in China Nature Communications, 11(1),4235. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17687-3.

[3] Zhu, H., Wei, L. and Niu, P., 2020, The novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Global Health Research and Policy, 5(1),1–3. doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00135-6.

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Abstract:

The presence of biotic and abiotic reservoirs is a possible indicator of leptospirosis occurrence in Nairobi County, which has a large proportion of informal settlements. Despite these epidemiological risk factors, little or no attention is accorded to leptospirosis. The study assessed the degree of leptospirosis diagnostic capacity in public health facilities within Nairobi County, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 133 clinicians and 15 laboratory personnel across 15 public health facilities was conducted between August and December 2019. The perception of zoonotic management was high as 95% (126) had a strong score while 5% (7) had a weak score. Healthcare facility level (χ2 (3) = 14.09, p < 0.05), professional designation (χ2 (1) = 4.26, p < 0.05) had a significant association with suspecting zoonosis. The length of service as a clinician was a significant predictor of suspecting zoonosis, Wald = 11.11, p < 0.05. Inter-agency collaboration was low as 89% (119) reported a lack of sharing zoonosis information, and only 8% (10) indicated that there was information sharing. The clinical suspicion index was low, 3.8% of the participants suspected the disease in practice, and 2.3% would consider leptospirosis in the differential diagnosis of FUO. All 15 public health facilities lacked leptospirosis laboratory diagnostic capacity. The probable diagnosis of leptospirosis is low due to a low clinical suspicion index and lack of awareness. There is a lack of laboratory diagnostic capacity. Sensitisation of clinicians and laboratory personnel is critical in increasing the diagnostic capacity of leptospirosis.

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Abstract:

The research study was aimed at assessing the factors that contribute to non-adherence to Ant-Retroviral Therapy (ART) treatment among HIV patients at Nchanga North General Hospital-Chingola. With regards to the objectives, they were to establish the individual factors, social-cultural factors, social-economic factors, environmental factors, and health care provider factors contributing to non-adherence to Ant-Retroviral Therapy (ART) treatment among HIV patients. A descriptive cross-sectional design that was quantitative in nature was used for the study. The study targeted 162 non-adherent patients. In collecting data, structured questionnaires were used. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 115 respondents. The collected data was entered into data sets and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 software to dissolve the portents and to evaluate the extent of ART non-adherence amongst male patients. The study concluded that non- adherence at Nchanga North Hospital is brought about by factors such as individual factors, social-cultural factors, social-economic factors, environmental factors, and health care provider factors. The research recommends that patient’s preventive interventions such as community adherence supporter programs ought to be developed and implemented for the purposes of improving and ensuring ART adherence.

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[28] Mills, E. J., Nachega, J. B., Bangsberg, D. R., Singh, S., Rachlis, B., Wu, P., Cooper, C. (2016). Adherence to HAART: A Systematic Review of Developed and Developing Nation Patient-Reported Barriers and Facilitators. PLoS Med, 3(11), e438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030438.

Abstract:

Prevention of Hypertension is important for reducing the high prevalence and incidence of Hypertension and can help reduce resultant morbidities and consequences of cardiovascular disorders. This study assessed the perception of teachers on hypertension prevention in selected secondary schools in Sagamu Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. A Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 418 respondents for the study. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data collected at ≤0.05 level of significance. The respondents had a mean age of 42.61±7.79 years, with 313 (74.9%) of them having a bachelor’s degree. The respondents’ perception of hypertension prevention measured on a 72-point rating scale showed that the respondents had a mean score of 47.10±8.48. Most 225(53.8%) of the respondents had a moderate perception of hypertension prevention. The respondents’ hypertension prevention practices measured on a 24-point rating scale showed that the respondents had a mean score of 15.34±4.95. Less than half 184(44.0%) of the respondents had moderate hypertension prevention practices. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between respondents’ perception and their hypertension prevention practice. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents had moderate perception of Hypertension and moderate prevention practices of Hypertension. It is recommended that the state ministry of education through the state ministry of health should conduct health education and promotion programs among teachers to change their perception of hypertension prevention which will, in turn, influence their prevention practices.

References:

[1] Chruściel, P., Stemplewska, P., Stemplewski, A., Wattad, M., Bielecka-Dąbrowa, A., Maciejewski, M., Penson, P., Bartlomiejczyk, M., and Banach, M. 2019, Associations between the lipid profile and the development of hypertension in young individuals – the preliminary study. Archives of Medical Science. 16. 10.5114/aoms.2019.86197.

[2] World Health Organization, 2019. Hypertension. Accessed 20/6/2021 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension.

[3] Okubadejo, N., Ozoh, O., Ojo, O., Akinkugbe, A., Odeniyi, I., Adegoke, O., Bello, B., and Agabi, O. 2019, Prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure profile amongst urban-dwelling adults in Nigeria: a comparative analysis based on recent guideline recommendations. Clinical Hypertension, 25,7.

[4] Ogah, O., and Rayner, B. 2013, Recent advances in Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa. Heart, 99(19),1390–1397. Doi. 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-303227.

[5] Hendriks, M., Wit, F., Roos, M., Brewster, L., Akande, T., de Beer, H., et al.,2012, Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: cross-sectional surveys in four rural and urban communities,” PLoS ONE, 7(3), e32638.

[6] Vijayakumar, S, Laxmi, A., Pasula, S, Adepuk, K & Mahamood, A 2013, Prevalence awareness and control of Hypertension in school teachers in Warangal, Andhra Pradesh India. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research, 4(2); 3247-3249.

[7] Wjayathunge, L., and Hettiaratchi, U. 2017, Assessment of Knowledge and risk factors of Hypertension among school teachers in the selected district in North Central Province of Sri-Lanka. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 7(11); 404-408.

[8] Bariua, R., Alam, M., Parvin, N., and Chowdhary, R .2018, Prevalence of Hypertension and its risk factors among school teachers in Dhaka Bangladesh. International Journal of Research in Medical science, 6(9); 2902-2910.

[9] Rosenstock, I. M., Strecher, V. J., and Becker, M. H. 1988, Social Learning Theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Education Quarterly, 15(2), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500203.

[10] Ajewole, I., Fasoro, A., and Agbana, R. 2017, Awareness of Hypertension among Public Secondary School Teachers in a Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria International Journal of Medical Research and Applications, 1(2); 05-09.

[11] Famuyiwa, S.A., 2019, Knowledge, Attitude and Hypertension at Risk Behaviour of Secondary School Teachers in Oluyole Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria. Ibadan Journal of Educational Studies. 16 (2).

[12] Amanyire, J., Tumwebaze, M., Mugisha, M., and Bright, L. 2019, Prevalence and risk factors for Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity among Lecturers and Support Staff of Bishop Stuart University in Mbarara, Uganda. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 9, 126-137. doi: 10.4236/ojapps.2019.93012.

[13] Mini, G. K., Sarma, P. S., Priya, C., and Thankappan, K. R, 2020, Control of Hypertension among teachers in schools in Kerala (CHATS-K), India. Indian heart journal, 72(5), 416–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2020.06.005.

[14] Mirzaei, M., Mirzaei, M., and Bagheri, B. 2020, Awareness, treatment, and control of Hypertension and related factors in adult Iranian population. BMC Public Health 20, 667 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08831-1.

[15] Abiy, T. A., and Teketel, E. 2019, Lifestyle modification practice and associated factors among diagnosed hypertensive patients in Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital Southwest Ethiopia, cross-sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal-Clinical Medicine, 2,156, 1-7. Doi; 1011604/pamj-cm.2020.2156.22010.

[16] Fikadu, G., and Lemma, S. 2016, Socioeconomic status and Hypertension among Teachers and Bankers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Hypertension, 4143962. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4143962.

[17] Abdullahi, A.A., and Amzat, J. 2011, Knowledge of Hypertension among the staff of University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 3, 204-209.

[18] Chimberengwa, P. T., Naidoo, M., and cooperative inquiry group, 2019, Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to Hypertension among residents of a disadvantaged rural community in southern Zimbabwe. PloS one, 14(6), e0215500. https://doi.org/10.1371.

[19] Hussain, O.J., and Ajuwon, A. J., 2020, Prevalence, Knowledge and preventive practices against Hypertension among police officers in Ibadan. Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine, 18(2), 114–121.

[20] Annadurai, K., 2018, Awareness and preventive practices related to Hypertension among government school teachers in rural Tamil Nadu. Journal of Comprehensive Health, 6(1), 09 - 13. https://doi.org/10.53553/JCH.v06i01.003.

[21] Oladapo, O.O., Salako, L., Sadiq, L., Soyinka, K., and Falase, A.O., 2013, Knowledge of Hypertension and other Risk Factors for Heart Disease among Yoruba Rural Southwestern Nigerian Population. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research; 3: 993‐1003.

[22] Demaio, A., Otogntuga, D., Courten, M., Bygbjerg, I, Enkhtuya, P., Meyrowitsch, D., and Oyunbileg, J., 2013, Hypertension and hypertension-related disease in Monogolia; findings of a national knowledge, attitude & practices study. BMC Public Health, 13, 194. http://doi.org//10.118611471-2458-13-194.

Abstract:

Adherence to treatment guidelines for severe malaria (SM) is a vital component of malaria control strategies. Non-compliance with treatment guidelines has implications on effective SM case management, particularly in children. The study aimed to assess Health workers’ adherence to the National Treatment Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of SM in children. A retrospective audit of patients’ records treated for SM from 1^st January 2018 to 30th December 2019 was carried out through data abstraction in 5 General hospitals in Kebbi state. Also, questionnaires were distributed to health workers to assess their knowledge of the treatment guideline. Data from the hospitals were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 and evaluated for HW’s adherence to treatment guidelines in the management of SM cases. A total of 377 cases of severe malaria (SM) were identified. All the cases (100%) were tested for malaria, with RDT being the commonest (60.2%) technique used, while 71 (18.83%) cases received intra-artesunate, 24 (6.36%) received intravenous quinine, and 41 (19.80%) received a follow-up dose of ACT. From the 50 health workers sampled, 38 (76%) of the responders established laboratory confirmation for SM, and all (100%) the responders had received one or more pieces of training on malaria treatment, with 28 (56%) respondents confirming the availability of National Treatment Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of malaria. Findings suggest good compliance with the National Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of severe malaria. However, there is a need to ensure the availability of a copy of the Guidelines in hospitals to sustain the present adherence observed.

References:

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[51] Ugwu I. Omale. 2021. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the National Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria among medical doctors in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257600.

Abstract:

Lack of physical activities is one of the strongest risk factors for many chronic cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, colon cancer, and depression. This was an experimental study that employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods that involved pre-exercise medical evaluation and survey. It investigated the effects of two independent variables, which are the correlate of Socio-demographic factors and PE training on cardiovascular diseases among 600 volunteered fresh students at Babcock University. The data were subjected to statistical analysis, and result were presented in tables and figures. The result of the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) showed that there was no significant relationship P>0.05 between gender, level of education, vital signs, and anthropometric measurement. Well above average (74.3%) had a normal MAP, and many (21.5%) were between pre-diabetics. The combined result of the Body Mass Index showed many (60.9%) were obese and overweight. Irregular participation in Physical Activities showed a significant relationship (P<0.05) even do some 160(26.7%) had excellent overall physical health, and 173 (28.8%) had good overall physical health. There were significant interactional effects between groups and time for perceived benefits, interpersonal norms, social support, counter heart conditioning, stimulus control, overall time spent on being physically active per week (P<0.05). In conclusion, it is recommended that collegiate should engage in regular physical activity at a level appropriate to their capacities, needs, and interests to maintain optimal cardiovascular health status.

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Abstract:

As we move towards HIV epidemic control in Cameroon, we strive to limit the number of new infections by maintaining on-treatment PWHIV. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic may cause interruptions in HIV treatment and slow progression. COVID-19 control measures have caused; the lockdown of businesses, some health services, and imposed work from home, with intimate partners and more people spending longer hours together at home. As a consequence, there is an increased risk of gender-based violence (GBV). GBV can affect adherence to treatment in PWHIV and prevent them from accessing health services. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of Covid-19 and GBV on the uptake of HIV services by assessing interruptions in treatment. Using a structured questionnaire, demographic data, Information on COVID-19 and intimate partner violence were obtained from 339 participants between 15 and 60 years old, taking HIV treatment at the Touboro district hospital. We used the Antiretroviral treatment register of the health facility to extract data on the frequency and duration of interruption in treatment. The Prevalence of intimate partner violence was high in our study participants, although interruption in treatment was only significant in respondents who reported verbal abuse. A strong association was observed between Covid 19 and interruption in treatment. There was equally an association between Covid-19 and an increase in intimate IPV. Other Socio-demographic variables found to affect interruption in treatment were level of Education of the partner, Age difference with intimate partner greater than 10years, and early years on antiretroviral therapy. According to the study, Both Gender-based violence (IPV) and Covid-19 affect interruption in antiretroviral treatment.

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Abstract:

Preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE-E) and haemorrhage are the topmost causes of maternal and perinatal deaths in the world. This study was designed to assess the effects of pregnancy-induced psychological and emotional factors on the occurrence of PE-E and haemorrhage. The study was a prospective cohort involving all pregnant women >28 weeks of gestation reporting for antenatal care (ANC) in seven Hospitals in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The study redesigned the Revised Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS-R) to suit this study using a five-point score scale. The results show that the predictor variables; fear, anger, sadness, disgust, love, hate, tension, anxiety, depression, and dejection, were all statistically significant and associated with PE-E and haemorrhage except joy, acceptance, and happiness. Pregnant women who experienced high (2) and highest (4) levels of fear had reduced odds of PE-E by 34% and 15.8%, respectively. Those who recorded low levels of love were 9.8 times the odds of PE-E, those with low (1), high (2), higher (3), and highest (4) levels of anxiety had reduced odds of PE-E by 22.2%, 37.3%, 21.3%, and 10% respectively. Pregnant women with low levels of psychological and emotional issues were about 3 times the odds of PE-E compared to those who were normal. In conclusion, the study shows a significant association between preeclamptic/eclamptic pregnant women and different levels of fear, anger, sadness, Love, hate, depression, dejection, anxiety, and tension. It is recommended that Ghana Health Service should institute psychological and emotional counselling as part of ANC services in order to manage pregnant women who may need them to avert the effects on pregnancy and birth outcome.

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Abstract:

Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by a new strain of CoronaVirus. Many countries, including Somalia, have experienced two or more waves of the disease. The spread of Covid-19 in Banadir was a sporadic event distributed in many locations. The study aims to assess the time trends of Covid 19 testing positivity rate in the Banadir region of Somalia during the first seventeen months of the Covid-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional analytical study involving the review, analysis, and interpretation of existing dataset collected in the course of Covid-19 response between March 2020 and August 2021 to characterize the time trends of Covid 19 testing, compare the testing rates, attack rate, and positivity rates, and determine factors associated with positive Covid-19 tests in Banadir region. The categorical data were compared using a chi-square test. A total of 164 836 entries were analysed in this study. The majority (67.9%) of the participants were male, while close to a third (29.7%) were aged between 25-35 years, and 27.1% were aged 36-50 years. A total of 6,404(3.9%) participants tested positive for the Covid 19 virus. The chi-square test revealed bivariate association of age (P<0.001) and gender (P<0.001) were significantly associated with positive test results. Females and persons above 70 years had higher positivity of 4.4% and 13.7 %, respectively, compared to males and younger age groups. Banadir has recorded three waves of Covid 19 transmission from March 2020 to September 2021. Covid-19 vaccination uptake is needed to minimize spread.

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