Abstract:

Solid waste is the unwanted or useless materials generated from combined residual, industrial and commercial activities in a given area. Rapid population growth in urban communities and change in consumption pattern are responsible for increase in solid waste production. With the significant increase in urbanization and population, solid waste accumulation is in the for-front, and the improper disposal of such waste materials will lead to an unsanitary conditions, leading to environmental pollution and outbreak of diseases. The above research will be carried out to help the government establish a policy for proper solid waste management for better environment.

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[5].     Ogunbiyi is of the features unit, minister of information and strategy, Alausa, Ikeja. Business day: Published Wednesday September 17^th 2014.

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Abstract:

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence, level of awareness and associated risk-factors among adolescents in selected secondary schools in Monze, Zambia. The main objective was to establish the magnitude and level of awareness about the disease burden associated with the consumption of energy-dense foods compacted by physical inactivity among the studied population. A sample of 358 respondents was selected from a population of 2319 pupils. A 57-items structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which was analysed using SPSS 16.0. Of the 358 respondents, the prevalence of underweight was one percent, normal weight 75%, overweight or obesity 24%, and that of that of obesity alone was 5%. These rates are among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. The results showed a significant difference between residing in peri-urban area and the urban one (ρ= .05%). Applying the Delphi experts’ scores, respondents’ awareness level of overweight and obesity and associated risk-factors was between moderate and low. A school-based policy to prevent overweight and obesity among adolescents in Zambia was recommended among other measures to be taken by all stakeholders.

Keywords: overweight, obesity, awareness, urban, peri-urban, adolescents.

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Abstract:

A major challenge to global health systems is maternal mortality. The vast majority of these deaths are preventable. This research is aimed at investigating sociocultural and economic determinants of maternal health in Ado-Ekiti, south-west geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It was a cross sectional epidemiological study which determined the association between the independent variables (maternal educational status, maternal religion, maternal occupation, decision maker for the commencement of ANC, and health care availability/accessibility) and the dependent variable (maternal health as represented by choice of ANC provider). The respondents were 418 females of reproductive age group.

The modal age group was '51 years and above' (24.4%). The majority of the participants (45.5%) were married. A total number of 50(12.0%) respondents had primary education only, 110(26.3%) secondary education, 130(31.1%) tertiary, while those without any formal education were 16(3.8%). There were 112(26.8%) who did not indicate their educational status and did not give reasons for it. On religion, 216(51.7%) were self-identified as Christians and 188(45.0%) as Muslims. Traditional faith constituted 14(3.3%). Those employed were 178(42.6%), while 102(24.4%) were unemployed. Students constituted 82(19.6%) and Apprentice 56(13.4%) of the respondents. All the variables tested gave a statistically significant value of p<0.05. The selected variables for multivariate logistic regression also gave a statistically significant value of p<0.05.

Strategies targeted at improving maternal educational status, making employment available, and encouraging accessibility to health care facilities, may make a significant impact in reducing Maternal Mortality Rates in the studied population.

Keywords: Maternal, health, mortality, economic, sociocultural, determinants.

References:

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Abstract:

Background: It has been established that the challenges faced by children with cerebral palsy bring about a higher level of stress which has negative effect on their physical health as well as their social well-being. The aim of this study was to explore the psychosocial problems encountered by the parents caring for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in an urban setting.

Methods: Qualitative research design using focus group discussion (FGD) was used for the study.

The setting was a focus group discussion (FGD) at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, South-West, Nigeria. A total of ten parents participated in the focus group discussion. The parents caring for the children with cerebral palsy coming for treatment in the physiotherapy outpatient clinic of the department were contacted and the nature of the study was explained to them. The main outcome measured were the psychosocial problems encountered by the parents caring for children with cerebral palsy.

Results: The outcome of the study revealed that problems like finance, health-related problems, impaired social relationships, worries concerning child’s future and requirement for more support were encountered by the parents of these children. Most of the parents had visited different traditional, spiritual homes as well as health care facilities for solution to their children’s problems.

Conclusions. Parents caring for children with cerebral palsy encountered varieties of psychosocial problems. Family centered care program can be designed for cerebral palsy children and their parents based on information that may be obtained from research studies of this nature.

Keywords: Psychosocial problems, cerebral Palsy, Parents, Care, Children.

References:

[1].     Alaee N, Shahboulaghi FM, Khankeh H and Kermanshahi SM (2015). Psychosocial Challenges for the Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Child and Family Studies.

[2].     Cheshire A, Barlow JH and Powell LA (2010). The Psychosocial Well-being of Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32(20), 1673-1677.

[2].El-Tallawy HN, Farghaly MA, Shehata GA, Rageh TA, Metwally NA, Badry R, Sayed AM, Abd El Brehaut JC, Kohen DE and Rainad P (2004) “The health of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: how does it compare with that of other Canadian caregivers?” Pediatrics, 114, (2), e182–e191.

[3].     Donald KA, Kakooza AM, Wammanda RD, Mallewa M, Samia P, Babakir H, Bearden D, Majnemer A, Fehlings D, Shevell M, Chugani H and Wilmshurst JM (2015).

[4].     Davis E, Shelly A, Waters E, Boyd R, Cook K and Davern M (2010). “The impact of caring for a child with cerebral palsy: quality of life for mothers and fathers,” Child: Care, Health and Development, 36 (1), 63–73.

[5].     Dambi, JM, Jelsma J & Mlambo T (2015). Caring for a child with Cerebral Palsy: The experience of Zimbabwean mothers, African Journal of Disability 4(1), Art. #168. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v4i1.168.

[6].     Gulam K, Hayley S, Johurul I, Monzurul A, Jenny J, Iona N, Robert B, Cheryl J, Nadia B and Mohammad M (2015). Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register (BCPR): a pilot study to develop a national cerebral palsy (CP) register with surveillance of children for CP. BMC Neurol, 15, 173.

[7].     Gallagher S, Phillips AC, Oliver C and Carroll D (2008). “Predictors of psychological morbidity in parents of children with intellectual disabilities,” Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33, (10), 1129–1136.

[8].     Hamed M, Abd-Elwarth A, Kandil MR (2014). Cerebral palsy in Al-Quseir City, Egypt: prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 1267-1272.

[9].     Hodapp MR (1998). Advancing Finding, Theories, and Methods Concerning Children with Disabilities. Athens: Cambridge University Press.

[10].  Marrón, EM, Redolar-Ripoll D, Boixadós M, Nieto R, Guillamón N, Hernández E (2013). Burden on caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: Predictors and related factors. Universitas Psychologica, 12(3), 767-777.

[11].  Majnemer A, Shevell M, Law M, Poulin C and Rosenbaum P (2012). Indicators of distress in families of children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil, 34(14), 1202-1207.

[12].  Neely-Barnes SL, Graff JC, Roberts RJ, Hall HR and Hankins JS (2010). “‘It’s our job’: qualitative study of family responses to ableism,” Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 48(4), 245–258.

[13].  Nimbalkar S, Raithatha S, Shah R, Panchal DA (2014). A Qualitative Study of Psychosocial Problems among Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy Attending Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in Western India. ISRN Family Med, doi: 10.1155/2014/769619.

[14].  Ozmen M, Caliskan M, Apak S, Gokcay G (1993). 8-Year clinical experience in cerebral palsy. J Trop Pediatr, 39, 52–54.

[15].  Olawale OA, Deih A N and Yaadar RK (2013). Psychological impact of cerebral palsy on families: The African perspective. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 4(2): 159–163.

[16].  Scientific Software Development, “Atlasti the knowledge work-bench,” Berlin, Germany, http://www.atlasti.com/.

[16].Pediatric Cerebral Palsy in Africa: Where Are We? J Child Neurol, 30(8), 963-971.

[17].  Sajedi F, Alizad V, Malekkhosravi G, Karimlou M and Vameghi R (2010). “Depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy and its relation to severity and type of cerebral palsy,” Acta Medica Iranica, 48(4), 250–254.

[18].  Singogo C, Mweshi M and Rhoda A (2015). Challenges experienced by mothers caring for children with cerebral palsy in Zambia. South African Journal of Physiotherapy. 71(1).

[19].  Thanou E, Tsiou C, Kattami C, Chrousos GP & Darviri C (2016). A Stress Management and Health Promotion Intervention for Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy and Motor Disability at the Infant Department of the Greek Center for the Protection and Rehabilitation of the Disabled (ELEPAP). Quasi-Experimental Study. Psychology, 7, 557-564.

Abstract:

Introduction: Sanitation refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces whereas Hygiene is a set of personal practices that contribute to good health. It includes things like hand-washing, bathing and so forth.

Objectives: The purpose and rationale of this project was to improve sanitation and hygiene in Kerwa Sub county.

Methods: The project (2years) employed both qualitative and quantitative mixed designs in Kerwa Sub county, located, in Yumbe district, Uganda. Implementation period was from April, 2015 to November, 2016.

Results: The total number of households with latrines increased from 775 (43.3%) in the baseline to 1215 (67.8%) in the first year of project implementation then to 1579 (88.2%) in the second year. Similarly, open defecation dropped from 56.7% in the baseline to 32.2% in the first year of project implementation and further to 11.8% in the second year. Hygiene status, measured using hand washing, almost remained the same between baseline and first year of project implementation at about 0.9%. It significantly improved to 20.8% in the second year. Through application of statistical thinking, final reporting time reduced by 60 days, from 210 days before statistical thinking approach to 150 days after the application.

Conclusion: Statistical thinking remains a key process of continuous quality improvement in any industry.

Keywords: Sanitation and hygiene, statistical thinking.

References:

[1]. Amazon. (2017). Improving Performance through Statistical Thinking [Blog Post]. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Improving-Performance-Through-Statistical-Thinking/dp/0873894677

[2]. Dig Deep. (2017). what is Sanitation? What is Hygiene? Is there a Difference? [Blog Post]. Retrieved from http://digdeep.org/faqs/what-is-sanitation-what-is-hygiene-is-there-a-difference/

[3]. Doug, H., Stu, J., Bob, M., and Tom, P. (2000). Improving Performance through Statistical Thinking. 2000 Minnesota Quality Conference. Retrieved from http://asq.org/statistics/2033/03/improve-performance-using-statistical-thinking.pdf

[4]. Galen, C. B., Donald, W. E., Lynne, B. H., Roger, W. H., Stuart, J. J. & Janice, E. S. (2010). Improving performance Through Statistical Thinking. Bangalore: New Age International (P) Ltd.

[5]. Kumar, S., Rouhani, S., Gautam, A., and Das, M. (2015). “Improving Sanitation and Hygiene Practices of the Rural Poor through Community Institutions in Uttar Pradesh, India”. New Delhi: ICRW

[6]. Uganda Bureau of Statistic [UBOS]. (2014). National Population and Housing Census 2014. Kampala: Author.

[7]. United Nations International Children Emergency Fund [UNICEF]. (2016). Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) [Blog Post]. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/wash/3942_3952.html

[8]. World Health Organization [WHO]. (2017). Sanitation [Blog Post]. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/ World Health Organization [WHO]. (2011). Water, Sanitation and Hygiene _ Diarrhoea [Blog Post]. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/elena/titles/bbc/wsh_diarrhoea/en/

Abstract:

Cancer burden in Nigeria has become a sudden nightmare which is fast having a disastrous impact on the health and financial economy. The estimated number of new cancer cases in West Africa is 854,790. In Nigeria, about 8.5% of the 51million annual death due to cancer account for cervical cancer. In this cross sectional descriptive study amongst female Private health workers, a significant level of awareness of cervical cancer amongst the female health workers in the private health sector was observed. The level of awareness is strongly associated with enhanced education but there was no link with age or marital status. A significant link between the level of awareness and health occupation especially the core health workers were also observed. However, there was a marginal link with the non-medical health workers. Furthermore, there was a significant link illustrating that a possible increased participation in cancer awareness programs would lead to; Increase in knowledge of CC status, increase in utilization of Pap smear test and improved uptake of HPV vaccine. This outcome serves as an original article data base to resolve any doubt and perception on the level of knowledge and awareness of Cervical Cancer amongst private sector health workers in Lagos state and extendable to Nigeria.

Keywords: Cervical Cancer – CC, Human Papilloma Virus- HPV, Vaccination uptake –VU, Papanicolaou (pap) smear test, Sexual transmitted diseases (STD).

References:

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[2].     Adebamowo, C.A & Ajayi O.O. (2000) Breast cancer in Nigeria. West African journal medicine 19,179-194.

[3].     Ajayi I.O, Onibokun A.C, Soyannwo O.A. Breast and Cervical cancers awareness and screening practices among rural women in Ona-ara Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. Vol.16 (May 2013); 95 – 99.

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[7].     Anorlu RI. Tumours of the cervix uteri. In: text book of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Medical Students. 2nd edition (Ed Agboola A.) Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) Plc, Ibadan. 2006: 2:167-182.

[8].     Arbyn M, Castellsagué X, de Sanjosé S, Bruni L, Saraiya M, Bray F, Ferlay J. Worldwide burden of cervical cancer in 2008. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2675-2686.

[9].     Arevian M, Nouredrine. S, Kabakian – khasholian T. Raising awareness and providing free screeming among economically disadvantaged Lebanese/Armenian women. In: Journal of Transcultural mirsing vol. 17:No.4, October 2006:357-364.

[10].  Arulogun O.S. and Maxwell O.O. (2012): Perception and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among female nurses in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The Pan African Medical Journal. 11,69.

[11].  Awareness and uptake of Human papilloma virus vaccination and cervical screening among female undergraduate students in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Journal of family Practice, Vol3, No1 (2012).

[12].  Ayinde OA, Omigbodun AO, Hesanmi AO. Awareness of cervical cancver, Papamicolaous smear and its utilization among female undergraduates in Ibandan. Afr J Repro Health 2004; 8:68-80

[13].  Ayinde, O.A, Omigbodun A.O, Knowledge, attitude and practices related to prevention of cancer of the cervix among female health workers in Ibandan. In: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology volume 23: No.1, January 2003:59-62.

[14].  Balogun MR, Odukoya OO, Oyediran MA and Ujomu PI. Cervical Cancer Awareness and Preventive Practices: A Challenge for Female Urban Slum Dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health March 2012; 16(1): 75.

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[16].  Behbakht K, Lynch A, Teal S, Degeest K, Massad S. Social and Cultural Barriers to Papanicolaou Test Screening in an Urban Population. Obstetrics and Gynaecololgy. 2004; 104(6):1355-61.

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Abstract:

Background: Studies have shown the correlation between children’s physical disabilities and parental stress. The importance of the length of systemic therapy including stress management has also been emphasized in the literature. This study aims to explore the results of a holistic mental and health promotion intervention on parents caring for children with cerebral palsy.

Methods: Self-administered scales (Questionnaires) were employed to measure lifestyle variables, perceived stress, depression and anxiety, locus of control, and spirituality. Prior to commencement of the study, the informed consent of the participants were sought and obtained and ethical clearance was also obtained. A sample size of 80 participants was also calculated for the study. Stress management techniques were taught to the participants in the intervention group who also attended lectures on health behaviors. The control group were placed on normal existing protocol. Odd and even numbers of the participants’ birthdate was employed in allocating them to either the intervention or the control groups. The intervention group participated in the health promotion programs for a period of 8 weeks after the pretest measurements. The control group were only placed on the normal existing protocols after the pretest measurements. Both group participants underwent posttest measurements after the 8 week period. Chi-square test was used to determine any significance difference in terms of sociodemographic variables between the two groups. Independent t-test was employed to determine significantt difference between the two groups in relation to mean scores of psychosocial problems after intervention. Paired t-test was also used to determine any significant difference between mean scores of psychosocial problems before and after intervention in the intervention group. Statistical level of significance was set at P<0.05.

Results: The results of the independent t-test revealed that the null hypotheses in respect of the anxiety and depression subscales of Depression Anxiety Stress scale (DASS-21) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) were rejected. Significant difference was found after intervention between groups regarding the anxiety and depression subscales of DASS-21 (t = 4.75, p < 0.05) and Perceived Stress Scale PSS-14 (t = -2.76, P < 0.05). The results of the Chi-Square test showed no significant difference between the groups regarding the sociodemographic variables of the respondents in respect of the participants’ sex (X² = 1.127, P > 0.05), participants’ number of children (X² = 1.747, P > 0.05), participants’ level of education (X² = 3.936, P > 0.05), participants’ religion (X² = 0.464, P > 0.05) and participants’ ethnic groups (X² = 3.387, P > 0.05). However the study found significant difference with respect to the participants’ marital status (X² = 7.014, P < 0.05).

The paired samples t-test showed significant difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores of the participants’ psychosocial problems with regards to the DASS-21 (t₃₉ = 12.758, P < 0.05) and PSS-14 (t₃₉ = 79.514, P < 0.05) in the intervention group.

Conclusion: The objectives of this study to reduce the levels of depression, stress and anxiety in parents caring for children with cerebral palsy in Ile-Ife, south-west, Nigeria was achieved. As a result of these achievements, the objective of improving the Quality Of Life (QOL) of the participants was also realized.

Keywords: Mental Promotion, Health Promotion, Cerebral Palsy, Parents, Children.

References:

[1]. Ali E., Julie J., Mindy J.K., Martin J.S., Molly E.Z. and Richard B.L. (2014). Validation of the Perceived Stress Scale in a community sample of older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 29 (6), 645-652. Doi: 10. 1002/gps.4049.

[2]. April A. K., Dharani B., and Peters K. (2012). Impact of Locus of Control Expectancy on Level of Well-Being. Review of European Studies, 4, 124-137.

[3]. Crawford J.R and Henry J.D. (2003). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS):    Normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42:11–131.

[4]. Donald K.A., Sandra P., Angelina K. and Bearden D. (2014). Pediatric Cerebral Palsy in Africa: A Systematic Review. Semin Pediatr Neurol, 30-35.

[5]. El-Tallawy H.N., Farghaly M.A., Shehata G.A., Rageh T.A., Metwally N.A., Badry R, Sayed A.M., Abd El Hamed M., Abd-Elwarth A., Kandil M.R. (2014). Cerebral palsy in Al-Quseir City, Egypt: prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors.         Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 1267-1272.

[6]. Gulam K., Hayley S., Johurul I., Monzurul A., Jenny J., Iona N., Robert B., Cheryl J., Nadia B. and Mohammad M. (2015). Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register (BCPR): a pilot study to develop a national cerebral palsy (CP) register with surveillance of children for CP. BMC Neurol, 15, 173.

[7]. Hodapp M. R. (1998). Advancing Finding, Theories, and Methods Concerning Children with Disabilities. Athens: Cambridge University Press. http://www.KeepKidHealthy.com.

[8]. Jacobson E. (1938). Progressive Relaxation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

[9]. Jerath R., Edry J.W., Barnes V.A., Jerath V. (2006). Physiology of long pranayamic breathing: neural respiratory elements may provide a mechanism that explains how slow deep breathing shifts the autonomic nervous system. Med Hypotheses, 67(3), 566-571.

[10].  Jones J. and Jennifer P. (2005). Family Adaptation, Coping and Resources: Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities and Behaviour Problems. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 11, 31-46.

[11].  Majnemer A, Shevell M, Law M, Poulin C, Rosenbaum P. (2012). Indicators of distress in families of children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil, 34(14), 1202-1207.

[12].  Marrón, E. M., Redolar-Ripoll D., Boixadós M., Nieto, R., Guillamón N., Hernández E. (2013). Burden on caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: Predictors and related factors. Universitas Psychologica, 12(3), 767-777.

[13].  Nimbalkar S., Raithatha S., Shah R., Panchal D.A. (2014). A Qualitative Study of Psychosocial Problems among Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy Attending Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in Western India. ISRN Family Med, doi: 10.1155/2014/769619.

[14].  Norton P.J. (2007). Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21): psychometric analysis across four racial groups. Anxiety Stress Coping. 20(3), 253-65.

[15].  Olawale O.A, Abraham N.D. and Raphael K.K. (2013). Psychological impact of cerebral palsy on families: The African perspective. J Neurosci Rural Pract, 4(2), 159–163.

[16].  Ozmen M., Caliskan M., Apak S., Gokcay G. (1993). 8-Year clinical experience in cerebral palsy. J Trop Pediatr, 39, 52–54.

[17].  Parvinian A.M, Kermanshahi S.M., Sajedi F. (2012). The Effect of a supportive program on mental health of mothers of children with cerebral palsy. http://osub.mums.ac.ir/osub/nilfr/nmjournal/index.php.

[18].  Richard P.H. and Alexandra B. (2004). Practitioner review: Stress intervention for parents of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(8), 1338-1349.

[19].  Singer GH, Ethridge BL and Aldana SI (2007). Primary and secondary effects of parenting and stress management interventions for parents of children with developmental disabilities: a meta-analysis, Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev, 13 (4): 357-369.

[20].  Thanou E., Tsiou C., Kattami, C., Chrousos, G. P., & Darviri, C. (2016). A Stress Management and Health Promotion Intervention for Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy and Motor Disability at the Infant Department of the Greek Center for the Protection and Rehabilitation of the Disabled (ELEPAP). Quasi-Experimental study. Psychology, 7, 557-564.

Abstract:

Introduction: Malaria is a major public health problem in Africa. The disease is a significant contributor to the poor health situation in Africa, in which Africa alone is estimated to lose at least US$ 12 billion per year in direct losses e.g. illness, treatment, premature death. Almost 1 out of 5 deaths of children under 5 in Africa is due to malaria. Due to the high figure, there is still the need for continued awareness and renewed commitment for the prevention of malaria especially among the risk group (under-five and pregnant women).

Objective: The study assessed the effect of the nursing intervention on knowledge of malaria prevention among mothers of under five in a selected PHC and also described the level of knowledge of mothers on malaria in a selected PHC in Mushin LGA pre and post-intervention.

Methods: This is a quasi-experimental design. Data collection was done using a structured, self-administered questionnaire to obtain information from the participants. This study was carried out in three phase which involved three phase (pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention) activities in process of data collection.

Results: The findings of the study showed significant difference between posttest knowledge of malaria prevention and pretest knowledge of malaria prevention among mothers of under-five children.

Conclusion: This study revealed that knowledge of mothers of under-five on malaria and various malaria prevention strategies improved. This study recommended that Mothers of under-five should be regularly exposed to training programs on malaria and malaria prevention.

Keywords: Nursing intervention, Malaria prevention, Under-five children, Prevalence.

References:

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[2].     Adedotun, A., Morenikeji, O.,& Odaibo, O. (september, 2010). Knowledge, attitudes and practices about malaria in an urban community in south-western Nigeria. journal of vector borne diseases, 47:155-159.

[3].     Adegun, A.,Adegboyega, A.,& Awosusi, A. (2011). Knowledge and the preventive strategies of malaria. Peer journal, 883-889.

[4].     Ajayi,I., Falade, O.,Bamgboye, E.,Oduola, A.,& Kale, O. (2008). Assesment of treatment guideline to improve home management of malaria in children in rural south-west Nigeria. Malaria journal, 7-24.

[5].     Akande, M.,& Musa, O. . (2005). Epidemiololgy Of Malaria In Africa. Africa Journal Of Clinical And Experimental Microbiology., 1575-689A:107-111.

[6].     Arogundade,E., Adebayo, S., Anyanti, J.,Nwokolo,E., Ladipo,O., Ankomah,A.,& Meremikwu, M. (2011). Relationship between caregivers' misconceptions and non use of ITNs by under- five Nigeria children. Malaria journal, 10:170.

[7].     Autino, B., Noris, A., Russo, R., & Casteli, f. (2012). Epidemiology of malaria in endemic areas. Mediterranean Journal Of Heamatolgy and infectious diseases, 2035-3006.

[8].     Ayodeji, A., Oluwaseun, A., & Eniola, C.,. (2015). knowledge of malaria prevention among pregnant women and female caregiversof under-five children in rural southwest Nigeria. Peer Journal.

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Abstract:

Malaria is a vector borne protozoa disease that is endemic in Nigeria and continues to present significant public health challenge to the Nigerian government. Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to malaria infection due to their compromised immunity. Malaria contributes significantly to poor pregnancy outcomes like low birth weight, premature delivery, still birth, spontaneous abortion and neonatal death.

The use of IPTp-SP has been proven to be a safe, cheap and effective means to prevent malaria and its consequences among pregnant women. Consequently, pregnant women are expected to receive a minimum of three doses of IPTp-SP beginning from the 13^th week of pregnancy. In spite of this, uptake of IPTp-SP by pregnant women still remains low in Nigeria.

This research investigated the demographic and behavioural factors that were associated with uptake of at least three doses of IPTp-SP among women who had a live birth in the two years preceding the survey. The study was quantitative in design and used cross sectional data that included 3205 women from Akwa Ibom, Kebbi and Nasarawa states.

Findings from this study suggest that ANC attendance is the most important factor associated with uptake of a minimum of three doses of IPTp-SP (IPTp-SP3). This might not be unconnected to the IPTp-SP strategy being largely a facility based intervention. Household wealth index exhibited a marginally significant relation with uptake of IPTp-SP3. After adjusting for cluster level effects and other potential confounders, a woman’s decision making autonomy and state where she was resident were found to be significantly associated with uptake of IPTp-SP3. An unexpected but logical finding was the inverse relationship between regular use of bed net and uptake of IPTp-SP3. This finding has implication for how bed net use is presented to pregnant women.

Results from this study suggests that, improved access to ANC services, improved women’s autonomy , and educating pregnant women that regular bed net use does not preclude the need for IPTp-SP utilization could go a long way in improving uptake of IPTp-SP among pregnant women in Nigeria.

Keywords: Malaria, Pregnancy, Ante natal care, IPTP-SP, Behaviour, Nigeria.

References:

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Abstract:

Ideation is a set of ideas or ways of thinking that influence how people behave and how these ways of thinking are propagated within a community. Ideation has been successfully used to influence adoption of protective/preventive behavior in HIV and family planning interventions. Its use in the field of malaria is gradually gaining prominence but has been limited to bed net use.

This research investigated the demographic and behavioral factors that were associated with higher IPTp-SP ideation among women with a live birth in the two years preceding the survey. The study was quantitative in design and used cross sectional data that included 3205 women from three Nigerian states. Multilevel analysis was used to account for contextual factors.

Less than two-fifth of the women included in the analysis had higher IPTp-SP ideation. Factors that were found to be significantly associated with IPTp-SP ideation included uptake of IPTp-SP, use of ANC services, exposure to malaria messages, as well as the geographic location and prevalence of low educational status in the community where a woman lives.

Results from this study suggests that, (i) improved access to ANC services, could potentially increase IPTp-SP uptake through its effect on IPTp-SP ideation, (ii) dissemination of malaria messages especially those specific to IPTp-SP use remains a relevant option for improved utilization of IPTp-SP, (iii) there is need for interventions that specifically target communities with high prevalence of less than secondary education, in order to address those factors that negatively impact IPTp-SP ideation in such communities.

Keywords: Ideation, Malaria, Pregnancy, Nigeria, Prevention, Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine.

References:

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[3]. Babalola, S., John, S., Ajao, B., & Speizer, I.S. (2015). Ideation and intention to use contraceptives in Kenya and Nigeria. Demographic Research, 33 (8) 211−238. DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.8.

[4]. Babalola, S., Ricotta, E., Awantang, G., Lewicky, N., Koenker, H., & Toso, M. (2016). Correlates of Intra-Household ITN Use in Liberia: A Multilevel Analysis of Household survey Data. PLoS ONE 11 (7): e0158331. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158331.

[5]. Babalola, S., Kusemiju, B., Calhoun, L., Corroon, M., & Ajao, B. (2015).Factors associated with contraceptive ideation among urban men in Nigeria. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 130; E42–E46.

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[28].  Steketee, R.W., Wirima, J.J., & Campbell, C.C., (1996). Developing effective strategies for malaria prevention programmes for pregnant African women. American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 55 (1 Suppl): 95–100.

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Abstract:

Asthma is a major public health problem among adolescents with significant functional disability. Inadequate knowledge and poor perceptions of the disease are highly contributory to its impact. Patients’ education is vital in addressing this challenge. The study assessed the level of knowledge and perceptions of asthma and the impact of asthma health education programme among a group of the secondary school students in Ile- Ife, Nigeria. It is a quasi- experimental design study which used a pre-tested 71- item, purpose designed, self- administered questionnaires to collect information on knowledge and perceptions of the respondents on asthma before and after intervention. Data were collated and analyzed based on descriptive and inferential study design. The results of this study showed that perceptions and knowledge of asthma were poor among the group. There was a significant difference in the pre- test and post- test knowledge and perceptions scores of asthma of the secondary school students in the intervention group following health education programme intervention. In addition, the results showed that there was a significant change in knowledge and perceptions of asthma overtime for the participants in the intervention group, over a period of 1 week, 3 weeks and over a period of 6 weeks. We concluded that health educational intervention has significant positive effect on knowledge and perceptions of asthma among secondary school students in Ile- Ife, Osun State, South West, Nigeria.

Keywords: Asthma; Knowledge; Perceptions; Health Educational Intervention.

References:

[1].     Anwar, H., Hassan, N., Jaffer, N., Al Sadri, E (2008). Asthma knowledge among asthmatic school students. Oman Medical Journal. Volume 23. Issue 2. Pp 90-95.

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