Awareness and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination (HPV) Uptake among Female Staff in Private Tertiary Hospital in Lagos Nigeria

Download Article

DOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.06.01.Art006

Authors : Aisagbonhi Henry Osaro, Mgbeafuluba Ifeyinwa Constance

Abstract:

Cancer burden in Nigeria has become a sudden nightmare which is fast having a disastrous impact on the health and financial economy. The estimated number of new cancer cases in West Africa is 854,790. In Nigeria, about 8.5% of the 51million annual death due to cancer account for cervical cancer. In this cross sectional descriptive study amongst female Private health workers, a significant level of awareness of cervical cancer amongst the female health workers in the private health sector was observed. The level of awareness is strongly associated with enhanced education but there was no link with age or marital status. A significant link between the level of awareness and health occupation especially the core health workers were also observed. However, there was a marginal link with the non-medical health workers. Furthermore, there was a significant link illustrating that a possible increased participation in cancer awareness programs would lead to; Increase in knowledge of CC status, increase in utilization of Pap smear test and improved uptake of HPV vaccine. This outcome serves as an original article data base to resolve any doubt and perception on the level of knowledge and awareness of Cervical Cancer amongst private sector health workers in Lagos state and extendable to Nigeria.

Keywords: Cervical Cancer – CC, Human Papilloma Virus- HPV, Vaccination uptake –VU, Papanicolaou (pap) smear test, Sexual transmitted diseases (STD).

References:

[1].     AA. Akintoye, RO Olowolayemo, OG Olomojobi, GA Seluwa, OO Akintayo, OB Fasubaa. Awareness of cervical cancer and its prevention among young women in Ekiti state, south-west Nigeria: tropical journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Vol 30, No 2 (2013)

[2].     Adebamowo, C.A & Ajayi O.O. (2000) Breast cancer in Nigeria. West African journal medicine 19,179-194.

[3].     Ajayi I.O, Onibokun A.C, Soyannwo O.A. Breast and Cervical cancers awareness and screening practices among rural women in Ona-ara Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. Vol.16 (May 2013); 95 – 99.

[4].     All about cancer: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/cancer-oncology/. Accessed at 6:38pm on the 15th of January, 2016.

[5].     Alliance for cervical cancer prevention. Cervical cancer prevention fact sheet. Risk factors of cervical cancer: evidence to date, May 2004. Available from: http://www.path.org/files/RH_fs_risk_factors .pdf; accessed at 6:00pm January 2010

[6].     Anderson GH, Boyes DA, Benedet JL, Riche JC, Matisic JP, Srien K.C, Worth AJ, Millner A and Bennett OM. Organization and results of the cervical cytology screening programme in British Columbia, 1955-85 Br Med J (clin. Res. Ed.) 1988; 296:975-978

[7].     Anorlu RI. Tumours of the cervix uteri. In: text book of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Medical Students. 2nd edition (Ed Agboola A.) Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) Plc, Ibadan. 2006: 2:167-182.

[8].     Arbyn M, Castellsagué X, de Sanjosé S, Bruni L, Saraiya M, Bray F, Ferlay J. Worldwide burden of cervical cancer in 2008. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2675-2686.

[9].     Arevian M, Nouredrine. S, Kabakian – khasholian T. Raising awareness and providing free screeming among economically disadvantaged Lebanese/Armenian women. In: Journal of Transcultural mirsing vol. 17:No.4, October 2006:357-364.

[10].  Arulogun O.S. and Maxwell O.O. (2012): Perception and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among female nurses in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The Pan African Medical Journal. 11,69.

[11].  Awareness and uptake of Human papilloma virus vaccination and cervical screening among female undergraduate students in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Journal of family Practice, Vol3, No1 (2012).

[12].  Ayinde OA, Omigbodun AO, Hesanmi AO. Awareness of cervical cancver, Papamicolaous smear and its utilization among female undergraduates in Ibandan. Afr J Repro Health 2004; 8:68-80

[13].  Ayinde, O.A, Omigbodun A.O, Knowledge, attitude and practices related to prevention of cancer of the cervix among female health workers in Ibandan. In: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology volume 23: No.1, January 2003:59-62.

[14].  Balogun MR, Odukoya OO, Oyediran MA and Ujomu PI. Cervical Cancer Awareness and Preventive Practices: A Challenge for Female Urban Slum Dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health March 2012; 16(1): 75.

[15].  Barry J, Breen N. The importance of place of residence in predicting late-stage diagnosis of breast, Health & Place, 2005; 11(1):15-29

[16].  Behbakht K, Lynch A, Teal S, Degeest K, Massad S. Social and Cultural Barriers to Papanicolaou Test Screening in an Urban Population. Obstetrics and Gynaecololgy. 2004; 104(6):1355-61.

[17].  Bekkers R.L., Meijer C.J., Massuger L.F., Snijders P.J., Melchers W.J. (2006) Effects of HPV detection in population-based screening programmes for cervical cancer; a Dutch moment. GynecolOncol. 100, 451-4.

[18].  Bjorn Lomborg, How healthy is the world? In British medical journal, 2002 December 21:325(7378):1461-1466.

[19].  Bray F., Ren J.S., Masuyer E., Ferlay J. (2013).Global estimates of cancer prevalence for 27 sites in the adult population in 2008. Int J Cancer, 132, 1133–1145.

[20].  Cervical cancer prevention. (http://www.rho.org/1/ REVISE/RHO % 20 backup/ RHO%20web%20files/ html/ cxc a. htm. Accessed at 4:30pm on the 12th of January, 2016

[21].  Claeys P, De Vnyst H, Gonzalez C, Garcia A, Bello R.E, Temmerman M. Performance of the acetic acid test when rised in field conditions as a screening test for cervical cancer. In: Tropical Medicine and International Health. Vol.8: August 2003:704.

[22].  Combating cancer in Africa- International Atomic energy agency. http://www.iaea.org/news/combating-cancer-Africa.com. Accessed on the 15th January, 2016.

[23].  Coughlin SS, King J, Richards TB et al. Cervical cancer screening among women in metropolitan areas of the United States by individual-level and area-based measures of socioeconomic status, 2000 to 2002.

[24].  Eke NO, Ezeama C, Eke CO, Eleje GU, Akabuike JC, Ezebialu. Knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening amongst Female workers in Nnewi, Nigeria. AfrimedicJournal2010;1 (1):31-36.

[25].  Ezem B.u. (2007) Awareness and uptake of cervical cancer screening in Owerri, SouthEastern Nigeria, Annals of African Medicine 6, 94-8.

[26].  F.A. Ziba, P.Baffoe, P.P.M. Dapere, S.o. Shittu and B.B. Antuamwine. Awareness and knowledge level of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age in Bolgatange municipality; journal of medical and Biomedical Sciences (2015)4(2):1-6. doi: http:/ / dx.doi.org/ 10.4314/ jmbs.v4i2.1

[27].  Ferlay, j, Bray, f, Pisam, P and Parkim, D.M. (2004). Globocan 2002 Cancer Incidence, Mortality and prevalence worldwide. No.5 version 2.0. Lyon, France international agency for research on cancer press (IARC), 2004.

[28].  Gharoro E.P, Ikeanyi E.N. An appraisal of the level of awareness and utilization of the Pap smear as a cervical screening test among female health workers in a tertiary health institution. In: Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16:10631068.

[29].  Global cancer facts and figure, http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/ @epidermologysurveillance document/document/acspc-027766.pdf. Accessed at 6:00pm on the 15th of January, 2016.

[30].  GLOBOCAN. (2008): Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide in. International Agency on Research for Cancer. Available from: http:// globocan.iarc.fr/. Accessed at 6:08am December 23, 2015.

[31].  Hakama M, Joutsenlahti U, Virtaren A, et al. Mass screening for cervical cancer in finland 1963-71. Organisation, extent and epidemiological implications. Ann clin Res 1975; 7:101-111

[32].  M.H. Simaubi, M.C. Ngoma. Cervical cancer awareness and uptake of Pap- Smear Services among women above 18 years of Age, Medical Journal of Zambia, vol.40, No.1 (2013)

[33].  Mityaba T, Mimiro F.A, weiderpass E. knowledge, attitudes and practices. On cervical cancer screening among the medical workers of mulayo Hospital, Uganda. In: BMC Med Educ. 2006; 6:13.

[34].  Mostly medical, Nursing and Applied health dictionary.CV mostly Company 1990, 3rd edition 235.

[35].  Mwanahamintin, M. (2008). Cervical cancer screening. File //c: documents and settings/james/ my Documents/CIDRZ accessed on 14th August 2015.

[36].  National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/. Accessed on the 16th of January, 2016.

[37].  Ngoma T. world Health Organization cancer priorities in developing countries. Ann. Oncol. 2006;17(Suppl.8), viiig-viii14.

[38].  Oboma YJS and Onyije FM. Cervical cancer: An emerging Public health issue in Bayelsa state metropolis. J phys pharm Adv 2012; 2:133-135.

[39].  Okonofua (2007) HPV vaccine and prevention of cervical cancer in African. African journal of Reproductive health 2, 7-12.

[40].  Owoeye I.O.G, Ibrahim .I.A. Knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer screening among female students and staff in a tertiary institution in the Niger Delta. Int JMed Biomed Res 2013;2(1):48-56.

[41].  Parham, G.P, sahasarabuddhe V.V and Mwanshamuntu, M.H. (2004). Prevalence and predictors of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix in HIV infected women, published by CIDRZ, Lusaka.

[42].  Parkin D.M., Ferlay J., Hamdi-Cherif M., Sitas F., Thomas J.O., Wabinga H. Whelanet SL. (2003): Cancer in Africa: Epidemiology and Prevention. Cervix Cancer. Scientific Publications IARC, Lyon.153, 268 276.

[43].  Peto J, Gilham C, Fletcher O, Matthews FE. The cervical cancer epidemic that screening has prevented in the UK. Lancet 2004; 364:249- 256.

[44].  Quinn M, Babb P, Jones J, Allen E. Effect of screening on incidence of and mortality from cancer of cervix in England: evaluation based on routinely collected statistics. BMJ 1999; 318:904- 908.

[45].  SA Olowookere, EA Abioye – Kuteyi, EP, Airewele. Awareness and uptake of Human papilloma virus vaccination and cervical screening among female undergraduate students in a tertiary institution in Nigeria Journal of family Practice, Vol3, No1 (2012).

[46].  Sherifa E.W. Puteh, Paul NG, and Syed M Aljumid. Economic burden of cervical cancer in Malaysia, Medical Journal of Indonesia, Vol17, No4 (2008)

[47].  WHO (2002) Cervical cancer screening in developing countries report of a WHO consultation. Genera world health organization. Accessed on the 16th of January, 2016.

[48].  WHO (2007a) WHO web site http://who.int/mediacentre. Accessed on the 16th of January, 2016.

[49].  WHO (2007b) WHO calls for prevention of cancer through healthy workplaces. http:// www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2007/np/index.html. Accessed on the 16th of January, 2016.

[50].  World Health Organisation. (2002). Control of cancer of the cervix uteri; international Journal of cancer, Geneva. Accessed on the 16th of January, 2016.