The Magnitude and Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Defaulting in Mabutsane District

Download Article


Authors : Ngeleza kasongo

Abstract:

BACKGROUND

This study sought to analyse the magnitude and factors associated with antiretroviral therapy defaulting using the patient electronic medical record system in Mabutsane health district.

OBJECTIVES

Objectives of the study are: to establish the factors associated with defaulting ARV and to analyse the outcomes of ARV defaulter.

METHODOLOGY

A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted. The target population for this research is adult clients on antiretroviral therapy registered in Mabutsane between December 2011 and December 2013. Descriptive statistics, x2 test and cross tabulation was used to analyse data.

RESULTS

Mabutsaneclinic has a defaulter rate of 11.3%. .More males (64.3%) defaulted treatment than females (35.7%). Majority 13 clients (92.9%) were on treatment for more than 1 year before defaulting.

Reasons for defaulting ART are as follow: Substances abused 42.9%, side effect of drugs 21.4%, Transport 14.3%, Work 14.3% and Religion7.1%. Mortality rate among defaulter stand at 21.4%.

No significant statistic relation between social economic variables (sex, substances abused, marriage status, and employment status) and variable defaulter was found in our study.

CONCLUSIONS

Mabutsane health district has a lower defaulter rate as compared to most of the African countries; however this rate is above the Botswana one in 2013.

No significant association between social economic variables and defaulter was found.

Factors such as substances abused, work, transport etc…have been mentioned as reasons for defaulting.

Case fatality rate among defaulters was low than what was observed in most of the Sub Saharan Africa countries.

KEY WORDS

Mabutsane has a low defaulter rate.

References:

1.      AkaluA : Reasons(2009) for defaulting from public art sites in ADDIS ABABA 2009

2.      Assefa Y, Jerene D, Lulseged S, Ooms G, Van Damme W: Rapid scale-up of antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia: successes and system-wide effects. PLoS Med 2009, 6(4):e1000056.

3.      Bonolo PF, César CC, Acurcio FA, et al.: Non-adherence among patients initiating antiretroviral therapy: a challenge for health professionals in Brazil23.

4.      Botswana AIDS Impact Survey III (BAIS III), 2009)

5.      ByakikaTusiime J et al. (2003). Ability to purchase and secure stable therapy are significant predictors of nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy in Kampala, Uganda. 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Boston, USA. 1014 February 2003. Abstract no. 170.

6.      Chesney MA: Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2000, 30(suppl 2):S171-S176.

7.      Darder M et al. (2004). Determinants of short and longterm adherence to antiretroviral treatment in resourcepoor settings. XV International AIDS Conference. Bangkok, Thailand. 30 March 2 April 2004. Abstract no.B11852.

8.      Daniel OJ et al. (2004). Adherence pattern to ARV drugs among AIDS patients on selfpurchased drugs and those on free medications in Sagamu, Nigeria. XV International AIDS Conference. Bangkok, Thailand. 30 March 2 April 2004.

9.      DHAPC (Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care) 2013

10.  Dworkin, R.J. (1987). Hidden bias in the use of archival data. Evaluation and the Health Professions, 10(2), 173-185.

11.  Etienne M et al. Effect of varying models of adherence support on lost to follow up rates; findings from 34 treatment facilities in eight resource limited countries. 4th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, abstract WEPEB101, Sydney, 2007.

12.  Ferris DC et al. (2004). Selfreported adherence to antiretroviral therapy and virologic outcomes in HIVinfected persons in Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. XV International AIDS Conference. Bangkok, Thailand. 30 March 2 April 2004. Abstract no. WePeB5829.

13.  Fong OW, Ho CF, Fung LY, Lee FK, Tse WH, Yuen CY, Sin KP, Wong KH: Determinants of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients.HIV Med 2003, 4(2):133-8.

14.  Gugesa, S. Feasibility of using, community outreach workers, to establish ART patient’s outcome in Amahara region Ethiopia. Department of epidemiology, university of Washington international training and education center on HIV (I-TECH).

15.  Havlir DV, Marschner IC, Hirsch MS, et al.: Maintenance antiretroviral therapies in HIV infected patients with undetectable plasma HIV RNA after triple-drug therapy. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 343 Team.NEngl J Med 1998, 339:1261

16.  Joyce Kgatwane et al.(2004). Factors that facilitate or constrain adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults at four public health facilities in Botswana: a pre-intervention study

17.  Kastrissios H, Suaárez J-R, Katzenstein D, Girard P, Sheiner LB, BlaschkeTF:Characterizing patterns of drug-taking behavior with a multiple drug regimen in an AIDS clinical trial.AIDS 1998, 12:2295-2303.

18.  Kwong-leung, J., Chih-chengChen ,S., Kuo-Yang, W., Schouten ,E.& Harries A: True outcome of patients on antiretroviral therapy who are loss to follow up in Malawi. Bulletin of the world health organization, Volume, 85number 7,501-508, July 2007.

19.  Lessells, R. J., P. C. Mutevedzi, G. S. Cooke, and M. L. Newell. "Retention in HIV Care for Individuals Not yet Eligible for Antiretroviral Therapy: Rural Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." J Acquir Immune DeficSyndr 56, no. 3 (2011): e79-86

20.  March 2 April 2004. Abstract no.: WePeB5760.

21.  Maskew, M., MacPhail, P., Menezes, C&Ruble, D. Lost to follow-up: Contributing factors and challenges in South African patients on antiretroviral therapy. South A.2007; 97(9), 853–857.

22.  Mugglin, C., J. Estill, G. Wandeler, N. Bender, M. Egger, T. Gsponer, and O. Keiser. "Loss to Programme between HIV Diagnosis and Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Trop Med Int Health, (2012).

23.  Muganzi AM et al. (2004). Adherence to HAART in a rural resource limited country HIV/AIDS treatment programme: the experience of Arua AntiRetroviral (ARV) Treatment ProgrammeUganda.XV International AIDS Conference. Bangkok, Thailand.

24.  Nieuwkerk PT, Sprangers MA, Burger DM, et al.: Limited patient adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection in an observational cohort study. Arch Intern Med 2001, 161:1962-1968

25.  Nwokike J (2004). Baseline data and predictors of adherence in patients on antiretroviral therapy in Maun General Hospital, Botswana. International Conference on Improving Use of Medicines (ICIUM). Bangkok, Thailand. Abstract no.HI012, 2004.

26.  Orrell C, Bangsberg DR, Badri M, et al.: Adherence is not a barrier to successful antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. AIDS 2003, 17:1369-1375.

27.  Omes C et al. (2004). Adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among advancedstage, indigent patients in the funded ESTHER programme in Kigali, Rwanda. XV International AIDS Conference. Bangkok, Thailand. 30 March 2 April 2004. Abstract no. B12315.

28.  Predictors of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in resource-limited setting of southwest Ethiopia Ayele Tiyou1, Tefera Belachew2, Fisehaye Alemseged3 and Sibhatu Biadgilign3*

29.  Patients Rougemont M, Stoll BE, Elia N, Ngang P: Antiretroviral treatment adherence and its determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective study at Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon.AIDSResTher 2009, 6:21

30.  Rosen, S., and M. P. Fox. "Retention in HIV Care between Testing and Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review." PLoS Med 8, no. 7 (2011): e1001056.

31.  The World Bank ' Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 1998-2002' Accessed 26th June 2013

32.  UNAIDS/WHO: AIDS epidemic update.2009.UNAIDS/09.36E/JC1700E) ..

33.  UNAIDS/WHO: AIDS epidemic update.2009.UNAIDS/09.36E/JC1700E) ..

34.  (UNAIDS, 2009, NACA Botswana 2007,)

35.  (UNAIDS, 2012, NACA Botswana 2010,)

36.  Weiser S et al. (2003). Barriers to antiretroviral adherence for patients living with HIV Infection and AIDS in Botswana. Journal Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 34:281–288

37.  Wegner N, Gifford A, Liu H, et al.: Patient characteristics and attitudes associated with antiretroviral adherence.

38.  WHO (2006, August) 'HIV treatment access reaches over 1 million in sub-Saharan Africa, WHO reports'

39.  Worley SB et al. Development of a system for identifying and tracking ART Patients to minimize losses to follow-up in Eastern Cape South Africa. Third South African AIDS Conference, Durban, Abstract 672, 2007

40.  World Health Organization: Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in infants and children in resource-limited settings: Towards universal access. Recommendations for a public health approach 2006.