Abstract:

This study seeks to investigate how gender roles, dynamics, and power relations influence vaccine decision-making and hesitancy in LMICs households. Using the PRISMA methodology, 39 studies were selected from an initial pool of 276 articles. The selection involved four stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. These studies cover diverse regions, cultures, and socio-economic backgrounds, offering a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The analysis shows that gender roles significantly affect vaccine decision-making within households in LMICs. Women, who are often the primary caregivers, strongly advocate for vaccination but face significant barriers like limited decision-making power, restricted mobility, and financial constraints. Men, who usually have more decision-making authority, exhibit higher vaccine hesitancy, often influenced by misinformation and traditional beliefs. Common barriers include misinformation, distrust in healthcare systems, and limited access to vaccination services. Key factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy include misinformation, lack of awareness, religious and cultural beliefs, and healthcare access limitations. To tackle these challenges, the study suggests engaging community leaders and influencers, implementing targeted education and awareness campaigns, and developing policies that prioritize gender inclusion and equity in healthcare decision-making. The findings highlight the need to address gender-specific barriers to improve vaccine uptake in LMICs. Empowering women, engaging men, and improving healthcare access can boost vaccination rates and protect communities from vaccine-preventable diseases. Future research should explore the deeper reasons behind gender-specific vaccine hesitancy and consider the intersection of gender with other socio-economic factors for more effective interventions.

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