Abstract:

In this study on the factors of the lower contribution of graduates to entrepreneurship in North-Kivu in the DRC, our objectives were to identify the obstacles that make most graduates not ready to engage in entrepreneurship, to check whether the obstacles are the same for secondary and tertiary education finalists and to find strategies to develop entrepreneurship skills at school. So, we questioned finalists, 74 from secondary school and 48 from tertiary education. The results obtained with chi-square at 1 and 5% threshold show that they are all poorly prepared to entrepreneurship. The results of the survey have led us to note that most graduates are not ready to be entrepreneurs because they are not motivated to entrepreneurship. They want to continue their studies, apply for a job. There is lack of entrepreneurship course in all fields of study, lack of creativity and risk-taking, lack of information about business creation support system. Secondary and tertiary education finalists face the same obstacles of theoretical learning, lack of experience with entrepreneurs, lack of skills including creativity, a spirit of initiative, the risk-taking. Strategies to develop entrepreneurship skills are as follows: the integration of entrepreneurship courses into the learning curriculum in all fields of study, focusing learning on the practices about skills of business creation at school, work sessions with tutors, the partnership with entrepreneurial referents, the learning with various approaches including the workplace learning, solving problem and the project-based learning approaches.

References:

[1]. Robert M., Solow, 1956, A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70 (1), 65-94, https://doi.org/10.2307/1884513.

[2]. UNESCO/OECD, 2003, Le financement de l’éducation-investissements et rendements. Analyse des indicateurs de l’éducation dans le monde. Edition 2002, Paris, 5/09/2024, https://uis.unesco.org.

[3]. YET, 2020, L’entrepreneuriat c’est quoi ? 07/09/2024, https://yet.brussels.

[4]. Kalstad, I1. Wiig, A2., 2015, Education and entrepreneurial success. Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 44(4), 783-796, https://link.springer.com.

[5]. Loi-cadre no 14/004 de Fevrier 11/2014 de l’enseignement national. 3/09/2024, https://www.leganet.cd.

[6]. Banque Mondiale, 2024, République Démocratique du Congo-Vue d’ensemble. 11/11/2024, https://www.banquemondiale.org.

[7]. Agence Nationale pour la Promotion des Investissements, 2024, Situation économique et sociale de la RDC. 4/10/2024, https://investindrc.cd

[8]. Omandji Lokonde, P., 2023, Comprendre les représentations entrepreneuriales des jeunes diplômés en contexte de précarité cas de la République démocratique du Congo. Revue-projectique, 2 (35), 65-82, DOI:10.3917/proj.035.006: https://shs.cairn.

[9]. INPP, 2024, Statistiques des entreprises affiliées à l’INPP bureau de liaison de Butembo, RDC.

[10]. Dzaka-Kikouta, T1., Kamavuako‐Diwavova, J2., Bitemo Ndiwulu, X3., Makiese Ndoma, F4., Manika Manzongani J. P5., Masamba Lulendo, V6., 2020, Entrepreneuriat des jeunes Africains francophones dans la République du Congo et dans la République Démocratique du Congo: enjeux et perspectives. Observatoire de la Francophonie Economique. Rapport de projet OFE–RP no. 3, 10/09/ 2024, https://ofe.umontreal.ca.

[11]. Banque Mondiale, 2024, A la découverte des femmes entrepreneurs de RDC: entre nécessité et ambition. 11/11/2024, https://www.banquemondiale.org.

[12]. Ngongo Disashi, P-R.,1999, La recherche scientifique en education Paradigme, Méthode, Techniques. Louvain-la-Neuve: Bruylant-academia

[13]. Wikipédia, 2024, Enquête (sciences humaines), 08/09/2024, https://fr.wikipedia.org.

[14]. Scribbr, 2021, Le questionnaire: définition, étapes, conseils et exemples. 10 sept 2024, https://www.scribbr.fr.

[15]. Kabali Hamuli, E1., Mangalu Mobhe Agbada, J2., 2023, Analyse de Khi-carré: fondements, démarche, intérêt et limites. Revue congolaise des sciences humaines et sociales, 2(2), 113-136, https://recoch-cresh.org.

[16]. Murray R. Spiegel, 2002, Statistique, Paris, Dunod.

[17]. Marieti, M., 2025, Définition Tutorat: Rôle, objectif, fonctionnement en entreprise, 25/05/2025, https://www.proactiveacademy.fr.

[18]. Tremblay, E., 2015, Pourquoi participer à une journée carrière?, 25/05/2025, https://www.sdp.ulaval.ca.

[19]. Herrity, J., 2025, A Guide to Entrepreneurial Skills: Definition and Examples. 24/05/2025, https: www.indee.com.

[20]. OECD, 2018, The Future of Education and Skills, Edition 2030, 24/05/2025, https://www.oecd.org.

[21]. Adams, T., 2025, What is the Problem-Solving Method of Teaching? 24/05/2025, https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk.

[22]. Teachefloor, 2025, Workplace Learning: Explanation, Benefits, Best Practices, 22/05/2025, https://www.teachfloor.com.