Abstract:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with rising prevalence worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Ghana. Dietary adherence is a crucial component of diabetes management and glycemic control. This study aimed to assess the level of dietary adherence and its association with glycemic control among adults with T2DM attending the Tema General Hospital (TGM). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 T2DM patients recruit Hospital (e diabetic clinic using convenience sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and laboratory assessments (fasting blood glucose and HbA1c). Descriptive statistics summarized the demographic and clinical characteristics. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used to examine associations between dietary adherence and glycemic control. Among the participants, 60% achieved good glycemic control (HbA1c <7%). Although 74% of participants demonstrated good dietary knowledge, only 69% had been referred to a dietician. Patients with good dietary adherence were 12.3 times more likely to achieve optimal glycemic control compared to those with poor adherence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 12.33, 95% CI: 3.64–41.75, p <0.001). Referral to a dietician significantly increased the likelihood of good glycemic control (aOR = 4.20, 95% CI: 1.47–12.01, p =0.007). Dietary adherence and dietician referral are significant predictors of glycemic control among adults with T2DM. Strengthening dietary counseling and patient education should be prioritized to improve diabetes outcomes.

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