Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus is a major global public health concern, frequently accompanied by dyslipidemia an abnormal lipid profile that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among diabetic patients at Tamale Teaching Hospital in Ghana. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 43 diabetic patients receiving care at Tamale Teaching Hospital. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid profiles were collected. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and independent sample t-tests to assess associations. The mean age of participants was 57.33±10.77 years, with 83.70% being female. Dyslipidemia was present in 51.16% of participants. Significant differences were found in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) between dyslipidemic and non-dyslipidemic groups (p < 0.01). Higher FBG levels (≥7.1 mmol/L) were associated with significantly increased TG and VLDL and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. A shorter duration of diabetes correlated with higher TG and VLDL. Overweight individuals showed significantly elevated TG and VLDL levels. Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among diabetic patients in Tamale. Abnormal lipid profiles, especially elevated TG and VLDL, are significantly associated with poor glycemic control, shorter duration of diabetes, and higher BMI. Regular lipid monitoring and targeted interventions are recommended to minimize cardiovascular risk in this population.

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