Abstract:

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control remains a global public health challenge especially in resource-limited settings, Nigeria inclusive. In 2017, TB was the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide with an estimated 1.6 million deaths. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence and predictors of HIV co-infection among tuberculosis patients treated at Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: This is part of a large retrospective cohort study conducted to determine the predictors of treatment outcomes among TB patients treated at specialist hospital, Sokoto from January 2014 to December 2017. Data was analyzed using Epi-info version 7. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was conducted.to identify predictors of TB-HIV co-infection. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. P- value of 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: A total of 1,501 TB cases were reviewed. HIV co-infection was found in 174 (11.6%) of cases and is more prevalent among males 125 (71.8%). Majority were males (71.2%), The mean age was 36.5 ±14.9 years. Pulmonary TB accounts for 1143 (76.2%). Of all the TB cases, 89 (5.9%) were previously treated. TB-HIV co-infection was found in 174 (11.6%) cases. Formal education, Pulmonary Tb and unsuccessful treatment outcome were independent predictors of TB-HIV co-infection.

Conclusion: Prevalence of TB HIV co-infection found in this study is within the range of other studies in the region. We recommend that that all newly diagnosed TB patients be tested for HIV after counselling and targeted interventions of high-risk patients for TB-HIV co-infection is recommended.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, TB/HIV co-infection, prevalence, retrospective, Sokoto.

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