Abstract:

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem worldwide that affects billions of people. Most people are unaware of their infection with viral hepatitis and unknowingly transmit the infection to other people, so it is a silent epidemic due to its highly asymptomatic nature. The aim of the study was to assess the Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections among blood donors at infectious diseases hospital (IDH) Kano, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at the blood bank of Infectious Diseases Hospital (IDH) Kano, Nigeria from August, 2019 to September, 2019. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was performed to obtain the frequency distribution of the variables Results: The result shows that 341 participants responded to the questionnaire. 7.3% of the study subjects were positive for HBsAg. 67.4% of the respondents had heard about the hepatitis B virus infection. 66.3%, 57.5% and 58.4% of the respondents in the study reported the presence of fever, loss of appetite and headache as the main symptoms of hepatitis B virus infections. 58.7%, 41.1%, 38.4% and 46.6% of the participants perceived blood transfusion, unprotected sexual intercourse, mother to fetus and use of unsafe needles or sharps as the main mode of transmission of hepatitis B virus infection. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that the Epidemiological Assessment of Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Blood Donors at Infectious Diseases Hospital (IDH) Kano, Nigeria is relatively low. Therefore, Health education, routine immunization, effective and periodic screening for HBV is recommended. Furthermore, accurate information on risk factors for HBV transmission should be provided.

Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, Seroprevalence, Blood donors, Kano, Nigeria

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Abstract:

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control remains a global public health challenge especially in resource-limited settings, Nigeria inclusive. In 2017, TB was the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide with an estimated 1.6 million deaths. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence and predictors of HIV co-infection among tuberculosis patients treated at Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: This is part of a large retrospective cohort study conducted to determine the predictors of treatment outcomes among TB patients treated at specialist hospital, Sokoto from January 2014 to December 2017. Data was analyzed using Epi-info version 7. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was conducted.to identify predictors of TB-HIV co-infection. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. P- value of 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: A total of 1,501 TB cases were reviewed. HIV co-infection was found in 174 (11.6%) of cases and is more prevalent among males 125 (71.8%). Majority were males (71.2%), The mean age was 36.5 ±14.9 years. Pulmonary TB accounts for 1143 (76.2%). Of all the TB cases, 89 (5.9%) were previously treated. TB-HIV co-infection was found in 174 (11.6%) cases. Formal education, Pulmonary Tb and unsuccessful treatment outcome were independent predictors of TB-HIV co-infection.

Conclusion: Prevalence of TB HIV co-infection found in this study is within the range of other studies in the region. We recommend that that all newly diagnosed TB patients be tested for HIV after counselling and targeted interventions of high-risk patients for TB-HIV co-infection is recommended.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, TB/HIV co-infection, prevalence, retrospective, Sokoto.

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