Abstract:

Lazy attitude, conflict and broken morals are normal behaviour among employees at the Demerara Harbour Bridge Corporation, Ministry of Public Works, Guyana. This study aims to examine the relationship shared among the employees and management at the Demerara Harbour Bridge Corporation, examining the behaviour, attitude and performance to determine the relationship between the employees and work-related factors on job satisfaction of the remaining employees. A total of 100 questionnaires were completed in this survey. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyses the data. The findings reveal that there are factors, namely the coworkers and supervisor relationship significantly contribute to job satisfaction among the employees, highlighting that the relationship shared plays a very important role in their satisfaction within the workplace. The implication of this study is of great importance for the organisation in developing its retention package and recommendations to increase job satisfaction among the recruits of the organisation.

References:

[1]. Tran, K., T., Nguyen, P., V., Dang, T., and Ton, T., N., 2018. The impacts of the high-quality workplace relationships on job performance: A perspective on staff nurses in Vietnam. Behaviour. Sci. 8:109. Doi: 10.3390/bs8120109.

[2]. Chen, K., & Chen, Ch., 2022, Effects of university teachers’ emotional labour on their well-being and job satisfaction. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 76, 123–132.

[3]. Squires, J. E., Hoben, M., Linklater, S., Carleton, H. L., Graham, N., Estabrooks, C. A., 2015, Job satisfaction among care aides in residential long-term care: A systematic review of contributing factors, both individual and organizational. Nurse. Res. Pract. 2015, 157924. [CrossRef]

[4]. Enmehr., 2018, The link between job satisfaction and employee performance.  Available online: https://www.enmehr.com/en/blog/the-link-between-job-satisfaction-and-employee-performance/ (accessed on 5 August July 2025)

[5]. Gessesse, K. T., and Premanandam, P., 2023, Job satisfaction among academic employees in private and public sector universities at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A comparative analysis. Cogent Soc. Sci. 9:2196105. Doi: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2196105

[6]. Kim, L., Pongsakornrungsilp, P., Pongsakornrungsilp, S., Horam, N., and Kumar, V., 2023, Key determinants of job satisfaction among university lecturers. Soc. Sci. 12:153. Doi: 10.3390/socsci12030153.

[7]. Sloan, M. M., 2012, Unfair treatment in the workplace and worker well-being: the role of co-worker support in a service work environment. Work Occupation, 39, 3–34.

[8]. Rush, H. F., M., 2011, Job Design for Motivation. New York: The Conference Board

[9]. Pritchard, R. D., & Karasick, B. W., 2011, The Effects of Organizational Climate on Managerial Job Performance and Job Satisfaction. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 9, 126–146.

[10]. Edwards, J. R., & Rothbard, N. P., 2013, Work and family stress and well-being: An examination of person– Environment fit in the work and family domains. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 77, 85– 129

[11]. Schreiner, E., 2018, What is an Employer-Employee Relationship? Chron. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/employeremployee-relationship-16737.html.

[12]. Cetinkaya, A. S., Habibi, S., and Yavuz, U., 2021, Personnel relationships in the workplace. University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing 5:70. Doi: 10.5038/9781955833035.

[13]. Chernyak-Hai, L., and Rabenu, E., 2018, The new era workplace relationships: Is social exchange theory still relevant? Ind. Organ. Psychol. 11, 456–481. Doi: 10.1017/ iop.2018.5

[14]. Ramjee, P., 2018, The impact of workplace relationships to employee job satisfaction, Chron, Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/impact-workplace-relationship-employee-satisfaction 250805.html

[15]. Abe, I. I., 2021, “The dynamics of workplace relationships, employee well-being, and the fourth industrial revolution: Perspectives of workplace relationships and Industry 4.0” in Future of Work, Work-Family Satisfaction, and Employee Well-Being in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. IGI Global Scientific Publication. 99–112.

[16]. Abun, D., Magallanes, T., Agoot, F., and Benedict, S., 2018, Measuring workplace relationship and job satisfaction of divine word colleges employees in ILOCOS region. Int. J. Curr. Res. 10, 75279–75286. Doi: 10.24941/ijcr.33015.11.2018.

[17]. Mohamed, M. A., Mohamud, F. A. S., Mohamud, I. H., and Farah, M. A., 2024, Examining the effect of workplace relationships on job satisfaction among faculty members at private universities in Mogadishu. Int. J. Organ. Leadership. 377–393. Doi: 10.33844/ijol.2024.60420.

[18]. Arimie, C. J., 2019, Employer-employee relations and employee engagement in a tertiary institution in Benin City, Edo State. Ann. Manag. Organ. Res. 1, 9–24. Doi: 10.35912/amor.v1i1.199.

[19]. Skaggs, M. L., 2018, The great divide: The perceptions and dynamics of the faculty and staff professional relationship. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 7, 56–59.

[20]. Anasi, S. N., 2020, Perceived influence of work relationship, workload and physical work environment on job satisfaction of librarians in South-West, Nigeria. Glob. Knowledge. Mem. Commun. 69, 377–398. Doi: 10.1108/GKMC-11-2019-0135.

[21]. Florence, I. K., and Anthony, K. A., 2016, Employee relationship management and employee performance: Reward in focus. Int. J. Econ. Perspect. 10, 24–44.

[22]. Staniec, I., 2021. The nature of employee–organization relationships at Polish universities under pandemic conditions. Information 12:174. Doi: 10.3390/info12040174.

[23]. Abdullahi, M. S., Raman, K., Solarin, S. A., and Adeiza, A., 2023, Employee engagement as a mediating variable on the relationship between employee relation practice and employee performance in a developing economy. J. Appl. Res. High. Educ. 15, 83–97. Doi: 10.1108/JARHE-06-2021-0222.

[24]. Okafor, O. C., Oluka, K. U., and Ozioko, S. U., 2023, Relationship between employee relations and academic staff performance in Enugu State University of science and Technology. Int. J. Interdiscip. Res. Market. Manag. 10, 63–75. Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.8184773.

[25]. Basilio, G. J., and Abun, D., 2023, The effect of workplace relationships on job satisfaction of employees: School context. Divine Word Int. J., Manag. Hum. 2, 227–242. Doi: 10.62025/dwijmh.v2i1.19

[26]. Mahalawat, V., Sharma, B., 2019, Study of Factors Affecting Employee Satisfaction and Their Impact on the Organization. J. Xi’an Univ. Archit. Technol. 11, 939–945.

[27]. Masum, A. K., M., Azad, M. A. K., and Beh, L. S., 2015. Determinants of academics' job satisfaction: Empirical evidence from private universities in Bangladesh. PLoS One 10:e0117834. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117834.

[28]. Ali, W., 2016, Understanding the concept of job satisfaction, measurements, theories and its significance in the recent organisational environment: A theoretical framework, Archives of Business Research, 4(1), 100-111.

[29]. Aksoy, C., Sengül, H. I., Yilmaz, Y., 2018, Examination of the relationship between job satisfaction levels and organisational commitments of tourism sector employees: A research in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 17 (65): 356-365, https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.343032.

[30]. Arshad, M. A., Arshad, D., Zakaria, N., 2023, Mediating role of wellbeing among organizational virtuousness, emotional intelligence and job performance in post-pandemic COVID-19. Front. Psychol, 14, 1105895. [CrossRef]

[31]. Khahro, S. H., Ali, T. H., Siddiqui, F.; Khoso, A. R., 2016, Critical success factors affecting job satisfaction in construction projects: A case of Pakistani workers. Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol. 7, 507–513.

[32]. Hauff, et al., 2015, Situational job characteristics and job satisfaction. The moderate role of the national culture. International Business Review, 24(4), 710-723.

[33]. Korman, A. K. 1977, Organisational Behaviour. Englewood, Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

[34]. Kenadal, L. M and Hulin, C. L. 1969. The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement. Chicago: Rand McNally

[35]. Beuren O., M., dos Santos, V., Theiss V., 2021, Organisational resilience, job satisfaction and business performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.

[36]. Bharadwaj, et al., 2021, Unbundling employer branding, job satisfaction, organisational identification and employee retention. A sequential mediation analysis, August 2021- Aisa Pacific Journal of Business Administration 14(3) Doi:10/AP-BA -08-2020-0279.

[37]. Adebayo, A. S., & Gombokomba, T., 2013, Dimensions of teachers’ job satisfaction in primary schools in Gweru District, Zimbabwe: A factor analysis. European Scientific Journal, 9(5), 309–317.

[38]. Senouci, A., Ismail, A., Eldin, N., 2016, Time delay and cost overrun in Qatari public construction projects. Procedia Eng. 164, 368–375. [CrossRef]

[39]. Khahro, S. H., Memon, A. H., Memon, N. A., Memon, Z. A., Naresh, R., 2023, Influence of Social and Economic Factors on Construction Project Performance in Pakistan. Sustainability 2023, 15, 2469. [CrossRef]

[40]. Silva, P., Moreira, A. C., Mota, J., 2023, Employees perception of corporate social responsibility and performance: The mediating roles of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust. J. Strategy Manag.,16, 92–111 [CrossRef].

[41]. Inayat, W.; Jahanzeb Khan, M., 2021, A study of job satisfaction and its effect on the performance of employees working in private sector organizations, Peshawar. Educ. Res. Int, 1751495. [CrossRef].

[42]. Appu, A.V., Kumar Sia, S., 2019, The effects of work environmental factors on job satisfaction. Annamalai.

[43]. Bella, K. M. J., 2023, Exploring the impact of workplace relationships and employee job satisfaction. Int. J. Sci. Res. Mod. Sci. Technol. 2, 55–62.

[44]. Ndagire, Salmah & Salawu, Rafiu & Rashid, Sessanga & Yahaya, Kisu, 2023, Factors Influencing Working Relationships among Academic Staff in Ugandan Universities. Twist. 18. 207-213. 

[45]. Griffin, M. A., Patterson, M. G., West, M. A., 2001, Job satisfaction and teamwork: The role of supervisor support. Journal of Organisational Behaviour 22 (5): 537-550. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.101

[46]. Suleiman, W., Dassanayake, M. S., Othman, A. E. A., 2017, Mediation of transfer motivation on the relationship between supervisor support, peer support and transfer of training. International Journal of Business and Society.

[47]. Suknunan, Sachin and Bhana, Anrusha, 2022, Influence of Employee-Manager Relationship on Employee Performance and Productivity (July 12, 2022). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(3), Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4164625

[48]. Karihe J., Namusonge. G., & SandIravo. M., 2015, Determinants of occupational stress affecting employees’ performance in public universities in Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(5), 20 – 29

[49]. Brhane, H. & Zewdie, S., 2018, A Literature Review on the Effects of Employee Relations on Improving Employee Performance. International Journal in Management and Social Science, 6(4).

[50]. Yao, J., Qiu, X., Yang, L., Han, X.  & Li, Y., 2022,  The Relationship Between Work Engagement and Job Performance: Psychological Capital as a Moderating Factor. Front. Psychol. 13:729131. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.729131

[51]. Bacong, C. I. & Encio, H. A., 2017, Effect of Employee Relation to Job Performance in Engineering, Construction and Manufacturing Company. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts, and Sciences, 4(2).

[52]. Hampton, Charles T., 2019, Supervisor-Subordinate Relationships and Their Effect on Job Satisfaction and Job Performance. Chancellor’s Honours Program Projects. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/2283

[53]. Raza, Y., Rafique, T., Hussain, M., Ali, H., Mohsin, M. & Shah, T. S., 2015, The Impact of Working Relationship Quality on Job Satisfaction and Salesperson Performance: An Adaptive Selling Behaviour. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 11(1), 1-8.

[54]. Bulińska-Stangrecka, H., & Bagieńska, A., 2021, The Role of Employee Relations in Shaping Job Satisfaction as an Element Promoting Positive Mental Health at Work in the Era of COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1903. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041903