Abstract:

Hypertension is an important public health challenge because of its associated morbidity, mortality, and the cost globally. Hypertension is the leading cause for cardiovascular disease in both developed and developing countries including Botswana. Only 3 population-based studies of hypertension have been conducted in Botswana and the latest 2010 STEPS survey reported a prevalence rate of 28.6%. This study was the first of its type to examine the prevalence of Hypertension and its associated risk factors among adults in Central Botswana. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and assess the associated risk factors among adults in Letlhakane, Boteti Sub District-Botswana. A community based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 377 participants (149 males and 228 females) aged 18 years and above, using simple random sampling method. The overall prevalence of hypertension among the study population was 38.5%. Females had a higher prevalence of hypertension (55.2%) as compared to males (44.8%). Age, body mass index, waist circumference, alcohol consumption and tobacco use were found significantly associated with hypertension (p<0.05). Regular screening for hypertension among adults should be done throughout the community for knowledge regarding their individual blood pressure status. Among those who already have hypertension and are on anti -hypertensive drugs; timely blood pressure check-up, screening for cardio vascular diseases and proper self-care management need to be promoted. Intervention measures should be undertaken at the community level; particular emphasis should be placed on primary prevention through adherence to healthy life style.

Keywords: hypertension, risk factors, prevalence, cross sectional, community-based, blood pressure

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