Abstract:

Salmonella infection is the one of the most common foodborne diseases in the world and is caused by a bacterial infection. There are many serotypes of Salmonella bacteria which may cause salmonellosis in animals and human. The two most commonly found types of Salmonella are S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis, however, the frequency of Salmonella serotypes varies between countries. ¹Approximately 40,000 cases of salmonellosis are reported annually in the U.S., 400 of these end in death, often as a result of dehydration from chronic diarrhea. ¹ It is also estimated that the actual number may be at least 30 times the number reported by the CDC since milder cases of salmonella are not diagnosed or reported.¹ Any person can contract salmonellosis, however, it is most often found in children below the age of ten years old. Those with impaired immune systems such as young children and old adults, as well as people with illnesses are most likely to have severe infections.

Additionally, people with AIDS are especially vulnerable, not only suffering from the most severe infections but also from episodes that are likely to recur. In the last decade salmonella infections have been shown to be decreasing in the United States, however, some types are still increasing. Although this disease can be found across the world, cases occurring in North America and Europe are most often reported by health experts. ² A number of Salmonella serotypes have developed resistance to several antibiotics most often used in salmonella treatment, this presents a potentially serious public health threat.¹

The purpose of this review is to examine the effectiveness of environmental control measures and laboratory diagnostic techniques in controlling the spread of salmonella worldwide. This is an important question to address because of the high frequency of infections of salmonella globally as well as the nature and vulnerability of the populations most at risk. This literature review format is appropriate in answering this question because it deals with the comparative evidence of antimicrobial resistance from different points of transmission and geographical locations and will address factors that promote progress in salmonella treatment and may provide insight into preventive actions that can be employed.

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