Impacts of Climatic Changes on Vector Borne Diseases - A Recent Perspective

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DOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.25.02.Art001

Authors : Senbagam Duraisamy, M. Bhuvaneswari, Geeta Kesavaraj, Ajay Ramesh, Selvankumar T, Srilatha M, Kamalanathan D, Prince Clarance D, Tharun Arumugam S

Abstract:

The relationship between infections, vectors, and hosts influences vector-borne diseases (VBDs), which are increasingly linked to climate change. The physiological and ecological dynamics of vectors, particularly mosquitoes and ticks, are changed by rising global temperatures, which promotes the spread of these organisms into new geographical areas. As tropical species move into temperate zones and higher elevations, where they establish populations in formerly non-endemic locations, this expansion is especially visible. For example, the elevation range of malaria vectors has increased significantly, and diseases such as dengue and West Nile virus are spreading throughout Europe and North America as a result of favorable climate circumstances. The association between climate factors and the transmission of VBD is complicated; higher temperatures can increase the rates at which vectors bite, leading to an increase in the incidence of the disease. Furthermore, variations in precipitation patterns add to the amount of standing water that is available, which provides mosquitoes with the perfect environment for breeding. However, because of the interaction of several factors including changes in land use and human migration, it is still difficult to precisely attribute specific outbreaks to climate change. There are grave consequences for public health. If current trends continue, projections suggest that by 2070, an additional 4.7 billion people may be vulnerable to illnesses like dengue and malaria5. To reduce these risks, we urgently need effective intervention techniques such as improved surveillance systems, vector control measures, and public health preparation programs. Inaction will probably cause the burden of VBDs to increase, worsening global health inequities and placing a strain on healthcare systems all over the world. The continual adaptation of vectors to climate change emphasizes the need for adaptive management approaches to protect public health from this impending threat.

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