Abstract:

The prevalence of diabetes, particularly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), has surged in Tamil Nadu, reflecting a broader global trend. This review examines the impact of sedentary lifestyles on the increasing incidence of diabetes in the region, highlighting key contributing factors and potential interventions. Sedentary behaviour, characterized by prolonged sitting and minimal physical activity, has become a dominant lifestyle pattern due to urbanization, technological advancements, and occupational demands. This shift has led to a rise in obesity, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders, which are precursors to T2DM. Studies conducted in Tamil Nadu reveal a stark urban-rural divide, with urban areas exhibiting higher diabetes prevalence due to sedentary work environments and dietary changes. However, rural populations are not immune, as modernization introduces similar lifestyle changes. Key risk factors include high body mass index (BMI), positive family history of diabetes, and lack of physical activity. Women, married individuals, and those with limited health literacy are disproportionately affected. The review underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions, including public health campaigns promoting active lifestyles, dietary modifications, and regular health screenings. Community-based programs tailored to local cultural and socioeconomic contexts can effectively address these challenges. Additionally, workplace wellness initiatives and urban planning that encourages physical activity can mitigate the impact of sedentary lifestyles. By addressing these factors, Tamil Nadu can curb the diabetes epidemic and improve the overall quality of life for its residents. This review serves as a call to action for policymakers, healthcare providers, and communities to prioritize diabetes prevention and management strategies.

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