Assessment of Risk Factors for HIV Infection Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) in Nigeria
Abstract:
Adolescent
girls and young women (AGYW) in Nigeria, as in most middle- and low-income
countries are disproportionately at risk of infection with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to behavioral, structural, and biological
vulnerabilities. This study investigates risk factors contributing to HIV
infection in this group, focusing on three high-prevalence states: Anambra,
Abia, and Taraba. A cross-sectional mixed-methods design was adopted, combining
quantitative surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant
interviews (KIIs). Quantitative data provided numerical insights into
prevalence and behaviours, while qualitative methods explored nuanced social
and cultural contexts. Analysis of quantitative data was done using SPSS while
qualitative data were analysed by identifying patterns, themes and
relationships through coding. Results revealed high prevalence rates linked to
age-disparate relationships, gender inequality, limited access to healthcare,
and socioeconomic challenges. Policy makers in the states studied did not show
coordinated approach to the reduction of the HIV infection among the relevant
ministries, departments and agencies. Furthermore, weak policy implementation,
and the lack of focus on mental health, substance use, and other aspects of
adolescent and young people’s health has further disempowered adolescent girls
and young women from enjoying adequate attention. These findings underscore the
need for tailored interventions targeting AGYW to reduce HIV vulnerability. We recommend
multi-pronged interventions that address the behavioral, structural, and
biological factors driving HIV vulnerability among AGYW. Multi-sectoral
collaborative efforts involving policymakers, healthcare providers, and
community stakeholders are essential to reduce HIV prevalence and improve the
quality of life for AGYW in Nigeria.
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